🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
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Q.2.D) Discuss in brief the Tripartite Struggle.
Answer = The Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India took place in the ninth century, between the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire.
Epigraphist Dineschandra Sircar, however, added a different perspective to this struggle. According to Sircar, the struggle between the Pratihara Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire had begun earlier than the struggle over Kannauj (Kanyakubja). These two powers shared a common frontier in the Gujarat and Malwa regions. The frontier was a shifting one and far from permanent, causing enmity between the two powers. Even before the struggle over Kannauj started, Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire, had defeated Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, as evident from the Dashavatara Temple inscription of Dantidurga at Ellora and the Sanjan inscription of Amoghavarsha I, both belonging to the Rashtrakuta dynasty. On the other hand, the conflict between the Palas of Bengal and Bihar and the Ayudha dynasty of north India was the continuation of an old power struggle that had started between Harshavardhana of the Pushyabhuti dynasty and Sasanka of Gauda in the seventh century and would continue till the twelfth century. These regional struggles were escalated to a greater pitch over the issue of succession of the Ayudha dynasty. Also, the involvement of the four powers, i.e. the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Ayudha dynasty meant that it was actually a four-power.
Towards the end of the successor of Nagabhata II (of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty), he successfully attacked Kanauj and established control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the Rastrakuta ruler, Govinda III. However, the Rastrakutas also formed a matrimonial relationship with the Gangas and defeated the kingdom of Vengi. By the end of the 9th Century, the power of the Rastrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This was seen as an ideal opportunity by the feudal king Taila II who defeated the Rastrakuta ruler and declared his kingdom there. This came to be known as the Later Chalukya dynasty. Their kingdom included the states of Karnataka, Konkan, and the northern Godavari. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas emerged victoriously and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
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Q.2.D) Discuss in brief the Tripartite Struggle.
Answer = The Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India took place in the ninth century, between the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire.
Epigraphist Dineschandra Sircar, however, added a different perspective to this struggle. According to Sircar, the struggle between the Pratihara Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire had begun earlier than the struggle over Kannauj (Kanyakubja). These two powers shared a common frontier in the Gujarat and Malwa regions. The frontier was a shifting one and far from permanent, causing enmity between the two powers. Even before the struggle over Kannauj started, Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire, had defeated Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, as evident from the Dashavatara Temple inscription of Dantidurga at Ellora and the Sanjan inscription of Amoghavarsha I, both belonging to the Rashtrakuta dynasty. On the other hand, the conflict between the Palas of Bengal and Bihar and the Ayudha dynasty of north India was the continuation of an old power struggle that had started between Harshavardhana of the Pushyabhuti dynasty and Sasanka of Gauda in the seventh century and would continue till the twelfth century. These regional struggles were escalated to a greater pitch over the issue of succession of the Ayudha dynasty. Also, the involvement of the four powers, i.e. the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Ayudha dynasty meant that it was actually a four-power.
Towards the end of the successor of Nagabhata II (of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty), he successfully attacked Kanauj and established control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the Rastrakuta ruler, Govinda III. However, the Rastrakutas also formed a matrimonial relationship with the Gangas and defeated the kingdom of Vengi. By the end of the 9th Century, the power of the Rastrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This was seen as an ideal opportunity by the feudal king Taila II who defeated the Rastrakuta ruler and declared his kingdom there. This came to be known as the Later Chalukya dynasty. Their kingdom included the states of Karnataka, Konkan, and the northern Godavari. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas emerged victoriously and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
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Q.2.A) Assess the achievements of Chandragupta II.
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Q.2.A) Assess the achievements of Chandragupta II.
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Q.2.G) Discuss the reasons behind Mahmud of Ghazni’s attack of India.
ANSWER = Mahmud of Ghazni had started his invasions in India during the period when the Rajput power had declined. The two main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia's political scenario.
He raided India for the first time in 1000 AD. After that, he is said to have conquered India 17 times, till his death. He was resisted by King Jaipal and then by his son Anandpal but both of them were defeated. Between 1009 AD and 1026 AD, the places that Mahmud of Ghazni invaded were Kabul, Delhi, Kanauj, Mathura, Kangra, Thaneshwar, Kashmir, Gwalior, Malwa, Bundelkhand, Tripuri, Bengal and Punjab. He died in 1030 AD, and before his death, his last invasion of India was in 1027 AD. In 1027 AD, he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat, on the coast of Saurashtra or Kathiwar. This was supposed to be his biggest invasion as he had looted all treasures and precious items of the fortified temple.
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
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Q.2.G) Discuss the reasons behind Mahmud of Ghazni’s attack of India.
ANSWER = Mahmud of Ghazni had started his invasions in India during the period when the Rajput power had declined. The two main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia's political scenario.
He raided India for the first time in 1000 AD. After that, he is said to have conquered India 17 times, till his death. He was resisted by King Jaipal and then by his son Anandpal but both of them were defeated. Between 1009 AD and 1026 AD, the places that Mahmud of Ghazni invaded were Kabul, Delhi, Kanauj, Mathura, Kangra, Thaneshwar, Kashmir, Gwalior, Malwa, Bundelkhand, Tripuri, Bengal and Punjab. He died in 1030 AD, and before his death, his last invasion of India was in 1027 AD. In 1027 AD, he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat, on the coast of Saurashtra or Kathiwar. This was supposed to be his biggest invasion as he had looted all treasures and precious items of the fortified temple.
2.H Group - B.pdf
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🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
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Q.2.H) What were the reasons behind the Turkish victory over the Rajput’s?
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Q.2.H) What were the reasons behind the Turkish victory over the Rajput’s?
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🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
🔴 Group - B Completed 🔴
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = History
🔴 Group - B Completed 🔴
Q.6 Group C.pdf
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🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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🔴 Subject = History
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Q.6) Discuss in brief the Kaivarta rebellion.
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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Q.6) Discuss in brief the Kaivarta rebellion.
Q.4 Group C.pdf
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🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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🔴 Subject = History
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Q.4) Discuss the achievement of Harshavardhana as a ruler.
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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Q.4) Discuss the achievement of Harshavardhana as a ruler.
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🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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Q.5) Give an account of the local self government of the Cholas.
🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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Q.5) Give an account of the local self government of the Cholas.
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🔴 BA 2nd Semester
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SEM_2_10_BA_BSc_GENERAL_SOCIOLOGY_CC_GE_2_SOCIOLOGY_OF_INDIA_11228.pdf
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🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = Sociology
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🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester
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🔴 Subject = Sociology
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6.A) What is Sanskritization?
Answer = In sociology, Sanskritisation (Indian and British English) or Sanskritization (Oxford and American English), is the process by which caste or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant or upper castes. It is a process similar to "passing" in sociological terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s.
6.A) Who coined the term Sanskritization?
Answer = The concept ‘Sanskritization’ was first introduced by Prof. M.N. Srinivas the famous Indian
sociologist.
🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester
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🔴 Subject = Sociology
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6.A) What is Sanskritization?
Answer = In sociology, Sanskritisation (Indian and British English) or Sanskritization (Oxford and American English), is the process by which caste or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant or upper castes. It is a process similar to "passing" in sociological terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s.
6.A) Who coined the term Sanskritization?
Answer = The concept ‘Sanskritization’ was first introduced by Prof. M.N. Srinivas the famous Indian
sociologist.
🔴 University of Calcutta
🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester
🔴 Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
🔴 Subject = Sociology
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6.B) Write any two features of tribal society in India.
Answer = (i)These tribal societies did not follow any of the social rules and rituals which the Brahmanas had prescribed. However, they had very rich oral traditions.
(ii) They were not divided into many unequal classes.
(iii) Members of the society were united by kinship bonds.
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6.B) Write any two features of tribal society in India.
Answer = (i)These tribal societies did not follow any of the social rules and rituals which the Brahmanas had prescribed. However, they had very rich oral traditions.
(ii) They were not divided into many unequal classes.
(iii) Members of the society were united by kinship bonds.
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🔴 BA/BSC 2nd Semester
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🔴 Subject = Sociology
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6.C) What is Jajmani System?
Answer = Jajmani system or Yajman system was an economic system most notably found in villages of India in which lower castes performed various functions for upper castes and received grain or other goods in return. It was an occupational division of labour involving a system of role-relationships that enabled villages to be mostly self-sufficient.
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6.C) What is Jajmani System?
Answer = Jajmani system or Yajman system was an economic system most notably found in villages of India in which lower castes performed various functions for upper castes and received grain or other goods in return. It was an occupational division of labour involving a system of role-relationships that enabled villages to be mostly self-sufficient.