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π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
π΄ Subject = History
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1.A) Who was the founder of the Gupta Empire?
Answer = Chandra Gupta I, king of India (reigned 320 to c. 330 ce) and founder of the Gupta empire.
1.B) Who wrote βAllahabad prasastiβ?
Answer = Harisena was a 4th-century Sanskrit poet, and government minister who wrote βAllahabad Prasastiβ.
1.C) Which Chinese pilgrim visited India during the Gupta period?
Answer = Faxian. Faxian (or Fa Hsien etc.), a Chinese Buddhist, was one of the pilgrims who visited India during the reign of the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II.
1.D) Name two works written by Kalidasa.
Answer = KumΔrasambhavam, AbhijΓ±ΔnaΕΔkuntalam
1.E) Who wrote Harshacharita?
Answer = Banabhatta
1.F) Which Chinese traveller came to India during the reign of Harshavardhana?
Answer = The Chinese traveller, Hiuen Tsang, who visited India during his reign of Harshavardhana.
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1.G) Who was Sasanka?
Answer = Shashanka also referred to as Gaudeshwar Maharajadhiraj Shashanka Deva was the sovereign Emperor of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom and is a major figure in Bengali history.
1.H) Who was the greatest ruler of the Pala dynasty?
Answer = Dharmapala and devapala was the most powerful rulers of the pala dynasty.
1. i) Who was Sandhyakar Nandi?
Answer = Sandhyakar Nandi was patronaged by Madanapala and his biographical details are retrieved from the Kaviprashasti (of 20 couplets) appended at the end.
1.J) Who composed βAihole Prasastiβ?
Answer = Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti.
1.K) Which Chola king adopted the title of βGangaikondaβ?
Answer = Rajendra I, adopted the title of 'Gangaikonda'.
1.L) In which century did the Arabs invade Sindh?
Answer = 712 AD
1.M) Who was Sultan Mahmud?
Answer = He was the first independent ruler of Turkic dynasty of Ghaznavids. His kingdom extended from northwestern Iran to Punjab in the Indian subcontinent. He attacked India 17 times.
1.N) Between whom was the First Battle of Tarain fought?
Answer = The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Ghurids against the Chahamanas and their allies, near Tarain (modern Taraori in Haryana, India).
1.O) In which year was the Sultanate of Delhi formed in India?
Answer = The period between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D. in India's history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period.
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
π΄ Subject = History
π΄ Group - A
1.A) Who was the founder of the Gupta Empire?
Answer = Chandra Gupta I, king of India (reigned 320 to c. 330 ce) and founder of the Gupta empire.
1.B) Who wrote βAllahabad prasastiβ?
Answer = Harisena was a 4th-century Sanskrit poet, and government minister who wrote βAllahabad Prasastiβ.
1.C) Which Chinese pilgrim visited India during the Gupta period?
Answer = Faxian. Faxian (or Fa Hsien etc.), a Chinese Buddhist, was one of the pilgrims who visited India during the reign of the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II.
1.D) Name two works written by Kalidasa.
Answer = KumΔrasambhavam, AbhijΓ±ΔnaΕΔkuntalam
1.E) Who wrote Harshacharita?
Answer = Banabhatta
1.F) Which Chinese traveller came to India during the reign of Harshavardhana?
Answer = The Chinese traveller, Hiuen Tsang, who visited India during his reign of Harshavardhana.
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1.G) Who was Sasanka?
Answer = Shashanka also referred to as Gaudeshwar Maharajadhiraj Shashanka Deva was the sovereign Emperor of a unified polity in the Bengal region, called the Gauda Kingdom and is a major figure in Bengali history.
1.H) Who was the greatest ruler of the Pala dynasty?
Answer = Dharmapala and devapala was the most powerful rulers of the pala dynasty.
1. i) Who was Sandhyakar Nandi?
Answer = Sandhyakar Nandi was patronaged by Madanapala and his biographical details are retrieved from the Kaviprashasti (of 20 couplets) appended at the end.
1.J) Who composed βAihole Prasastiβ?
Answer = Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti.
1.K) Which Chola king adopted the title of βGangaikondaβ?
Answer = Rajendra I, adopted the title of 'Gangaikonda'.
1.L) In which century did the Arabs invade Sindh?
Answer = 712 AD
1.M) Who was Sultan Mahmud?
Answer = He was the first independent ruler of Turkic dynasty of Ghaznavids. His kingdom extended from northwestern Iran to Punjab in the Indian subcontinent. He attacked India 17 times.
1.N) Between whom was the First Battle of Tarain fought?
Answer = The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Ghurids against the Chahamanas and their allies, near Tarain (modern Taraori in Haryana, India).
1.O) In which year was the Sultanate of Delhi formed in India?
Answer = The period between 1206 A.D. and 1526 A.D. in India's history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period.
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π΄ University of Calcutta
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
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Q.2.B) Write a note on the Vakatakas.
Answer = The Satavahanas in peninsular India were succeeded by the Vakatakas (local power) who ruled the Deccan for more than two and a half centuries. The Vakatakas were the contemporaries of the Guptas in northern India. In the Puranas, the Vakatakas are referred to as the Vindhyakas. The Vakatakas belonged to the Vishnuvriddha gotra of the Brahmanas and performed numerous Vedic sacrifices. A large number of copperplate land grant charters issued by the Vakatakas to the Brahmans have helped in reconstructing their history. They were Brahmins and promoted Brahmanism, however, they also patronised Buddhism. Culturally, the Vakataka kingdom became a channel for transmitting Brahmanical ideas and social institutions to the south. The Vakatakas entered into matrimonial alliances with the Guptas, the Nagas of Padmavati, the Kadambas of Karnataka and the Vishnukundins of Andhra. The Vakatakas patronised art, culture and literature. Their legacy in terms of public works and monuments have made significant contributions to Indian culture.
Under the patronage of the Vakataka king, Harisena, the rock-cut Buddhist Viharas and Chaityas of the Ajanta caves (World Heritage Site) were built. Ajanta cave numbers β ©β ₯, β ©β ¦, β ©β ¨ are the best examples of Vakataka excellence in the field of painting, in particular the painting titled Mahabhinishkramana. Vakataka kings, Pravarasena β ‘ (author of the Setubandhakavya) and Sarvasena (author of Harivijaya) were exemplary poets in Prakrit. During their rule, Vaidharbhariti was a style developed in Sanskrit which was praised by poets of the likes of Kalidasa, Dandin and Banabhatta.
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
π΄ Subject = History
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Q.2.B) Write a note on the Vakatakas.
Answer = The Satavahanas in peninsular India were succeeded by the Vakatakas (local power) who ruled the Deccan for more than two and a half centuries. The Vakatakas were the contemporaries of the Guptas in northern India. In the Puranas, the Vakatakas are referred to as the Vindhyakas. The Vakatakas belonged to the Vishnuvriddha gotra of the Brahmanas and performed numerous Vedic sacrifices. A large number of copperplate land grant charters issued by the Vakatakas to the Brahmans have helped in reconstructing their history. They were Brahmins and promoted Brahmanism, however, they also patronised Buddhism. Culturally, the Vakataka kingdom became a channel for transmitting Brahmanical ideas and social institutions to the south. The Vakatakas entered into matrimonial alliances with the Guptas, the Nagas of Padmavati, the Kadambas of Karnataka and the Vishnukundins of Andhra. The Vakatakas patronised art, culture and literature. Their legacy in terms of public works and monuments have made significant contributions to Indian culture.
Under the patronage of the Vakataka king, Harisena, the rock-cut Buddhist Viharas and Chaityas of the Ajanta caves (World Heritage Site) were built. Ajanta cave numbers β ©β ₯, β ©β ¦, β ©β ¨ are the best examples of Vakataka excellence in the field of painting, in particular the painting titled Mahabhinishkramana. Vakataka kings, Pravarasena β ‘ (author of the Setubandhakavya) and Sarvasena (author of Harivijaya) were exemplary poets in Prakrit. During their rule, Vaidharbhariti was a style developed in Sanskrit which was praised by poets of the likes of Kalidasa, Dandin and Banabhatta.
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π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
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Q.2.D) Discuss in brief the Tripartite Struggle.
Answer = The Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India took place in the ninth century, between the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire.
Epigraphist Dineschandra Sircar, however, added a different perspective to this struggle. According to Sircar, the struggle between the Pratihara Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire had begun earlier than the struggle over Kannauj (Kanyakubja). These two powers shared a common frontier in the Gujarat and Malwa regions. The frontier was a shifting one and far from permanent, causing enmity between the two powers. Even before the struggle over Kannauj started, Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire, had defeated Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, as evident from the Dashavatara Temple inscription of Dantidurga at Ellora and the Sanjan inscription of Amoghavarsha I, both belonging to the Rashtrakuta dynasty. On the other hand, the conflict between the Palas of Bengal and Bihar and the Ayudha dynasty of north India was the continuation of an old power struggle that had started between Harshavardhana of the Pushyabhuti dynasty and Sasanka of Gauda in the seventh century and would continue till the twelfth century. These regional struggles were escalated to a greater pitch over the issue of succession of the Ayudha dynasty. Also, the involvement of the four powers, i.e. the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Ayudha dynasty meant that it was actually a four-power.
Towards the end of the successor of Nagabhata II (of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty), he successfully attacked Kanauj and established control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the Rastrakuta ruler, Govinda III. However, the Rastrakutas also formed a matrimonial relationship with the Gangas and defeated the kingdom of Vengi. By the end of the 9th Century, the power of the Rastrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This was seen as an ideal opportunity by the feudal king Taila II who defeated the Rastrakuta ruler and declared his kingdom there. This came to be known as the Later Chalukya dynasty. Their kingdom included the states of Karnataka, Konkan, and the northern Godavari. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas emerged victoriously and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
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Q.2.D) Discuss in brief the Tripartite Struggle.
Answer = The Tripartite Struggle for control of northern India took place in the ninth century, between the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire.
Epigraphist Dineschandra Sircar, however, added a different perspective to this struggle. According to Sircar, the struggle between the Pratihara Empire and the Rashtrakuta Empire had begun earlier than the struggle over Kannauj (Kanyakubja). These two powers shared a common frontier in the Gujarat and Malwa regions. The frontier was a shifting one and far from permanent, causing enmity between the two powers. Even before the struggle over Kannauj started, Dantidurga, the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire, had defeated Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, as evident from the Dashavatara Temple inscription of Dantidurga at Ellora and the Sanjan inscription of Amoghavarsha I, both belonging to the Rashtrakuta dynasty. On the other hand, the conflict between the Palas of Bengal and Bihar and the Ayudha dynasty of north India was the continuation of an old power struggle that had started between Harshavardhana of the Pushyabhuti dynasty and Sasanka of Gauda in the seventh century and would continue till the twelfth century. These regional struggles were escalated to a greater pitch over the issue of succession of the Ayudha dynasty. Also, the involvement of the four powers, i.e. the Pratihara Empire, the Pala Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Ayudha dynasty meant that it was actually a four-power.
Towards the end of the successor of Nagabhata II (of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty), he successfully attacked Kanauj and established control there. This was short-lived as he was soon after defeated by the Rastrakuta ruler, Govinda III. However, the Rastrakutas also formed a matrimonial relationship with the Gangas and defeated the kingdom of Vengi. By the end of the 9th Century, the power of the Rastrakutas started to decline along with the Palas. This was seen as an ideal opportunity by the feudal king Taila II who defeated the Rastrakuta ruler and declared his kingdom there. This came to be known as the Later Chalukya dynasty. Their kingdom included the states of Karnataka, Konkan, and the northern Godavari. By the end of the tripartite struggle, the Pratiharas emerged victoriously and established themselves as the rulers of central India.
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π΄ BA 2nd Semester
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Q.2.A) Assess the achievements of Chandragupta II.
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
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Q.2.A) Assess the achievements of Chandragupta II.
π΄ University of Calcutta
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π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
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Q.2.G) Discuss the reasons behind Mahmud of Ghazniβs attack of India.
ANSWER = Mahmud of Ghazni had started his invasions in India during the period when the Rajput power had declined. The two main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia's political scenario.
He raided India for the first time in 1000 AD. After that, he is said to have conquered India 17 times, till his death. He was resisted by King Jaipal and then by his son Anandpal but both of them were defeated. Between 1009 AD and 1026 AD, the places that Mahmud of Ghazni invaded were Kabul, Delhi, Kanauj, Mathura, Kangra, Thaneshwar, Kashmir, Gwalior, Malwa, Bundelkhand, Tripuri, Bengal and Punjab. He died in 1030 AD, and before his death, his last invasion of India was in 1027 AD. In 1027 AD, he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat, on the coast of Saurashtra or Kathiwar. This was supposed to be his biggest invasion as he had looted all treasures and precious items of the fortified temple.
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Q.2.G) Discuss the reasons behind Mahmud of Ghazniβs attack of India.
ANSWER = Mahmud of Ghazni had started his invasions in India during the period when the Rajput power had declined. The two main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to spread Islam. Another reason was that he wanted to transform Ghazni, his capital city, into a region of formidable power in the entire Central Asia's political scenario.
He raided India for the first time in 1000 AD. After that, he is said to have conquered India 17 times, till his death. He was resisted by King Jaipal and then by his son Anandpal but both of them were defeated. Between 1009 AD and 1026 AD, the places that Mahmud of Ghazni invaded were Kabul, Delhi, Kanauj, Mathura, Kangra, Thaneshwar, Kashmir, Gwalior, Malwa, Bundelkhand, Tripuri, Bengal and Punjab. He died in 1030 AD, and before his death, his last invasion of India was in 1027 AD. In 1027 AD, he invaded the Somnath temple in Gujarat, on the coast of Saurashtra or Kathiwar. This was supposed to be his biggest invasion as he had looted all treasures and precious items of the fortified temple.
2.H Group - B.pdf
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π΄ University of Calcutta
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Q.2.H) What were the reasons behind the Turkish victory over the Rajputβs?
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Q.2.H) What were the reasons behind the Turkish victory over the Rajputβs?
π΄ University of Calcutta
π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
π΄ Subject = History
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π΄ BA 2nd Semester
π΄ Paper Code = (GE/CC-2)
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Q.6 Group C.pdf
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Q.6) Discuss in brief the Kaivarta rebellion.
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Q.6) Discuss in brief the Kaivarta rebellion.
Q.4 Group C.pdf
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Q.4) Discuss the achievement of Harshavardhana as a ruler.
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Q.4) Discuss the achievement of Harshavardhana as a ruler.
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Q.5) Give an account of the local self government of the Cholas.
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Q.5) Give an account of the local self government of the Cholas.
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SEM_2_10_BA_BSc_GENERAL_SOCIOLOGY_CC_GE_2_SOCIOLOGY_OF_INDIA_11228.pdf
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