Origin - Financial Crisis in 1997-98 of the Asian Tigers.
1999 - It worked first as a forum for the Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers of the major industrialised and developing economies to discuss global economic and financial stability.

2008 global financial crisis- It was upgraded to the level of Heads of State or Government.

2009 - it was declared as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation” And have met on a regular basis since then

Nano bubble technology #prelims@thegameoftoppers

Dear Students,
First Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8:30 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Basic Concepts

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Major folk theatres #prelims #art

🔆 Scarborough Shoal: A Key Flashpoint in the South China Sea

📍 What is it?
A coral atoll in the South China Sea, disputed between China & the Philippines. Also known as Scarborough Reef (Huangyan Dao).

📍 Why is it Important?
✅ Strategic Location – Near key shipping lanes, close to Philippines, Vietnam, and China
✅ Rich Marine Life – A crucial fishing ground
✅ Military Significance – Ideal for military outposts

📍 The Dispute
✅ China’s Claim – Part of its Nine-Dash Line, covering most of the South China Sea
✅ Philippines’ Claim – Took the dispute to international arbitration
✅ China’s Control – Since 2012, with a constant coast guard presence

📍 International Response
✅ 2016 Tribunal Ruling – Rejected China’s claim
✅ Philippines’ Demand – Calls for international scrutiny of the shoal.

New PM of Belgium

Dear Students,
Second Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Money and Banking

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

🔆 Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb Islands

📍 Location
✅ The Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb islands are located in the eastern Persian Gulf, near the Strait of Hormuz, a vital global trade route.
✅ Abu Musa is another strategically important island in the region.

📍 Recent Context
✅ Iran has summoned China's ambassador to protest a joint China-UAE statement regarding the sovereignty of these islands.
✅ Iran has held control over these islands since 1971, a move that has been contested by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

📍 Significance
✅ Strategic Importance: Proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20% of global oil supply passes.
✅ Geopolitical Tensions: Sovereignty disputes highlight the region's sensitive geopolitical dynamics.

📍 Current Status
✅ Despite claims by the UAE, the islands remain under Iranian control, adding to the complexity of regional diplomacy.

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #geography

With less than 135 days until the Prelims, here are 5 tips to help you make this attempt your best yet—

1️⃣ Reducing Mobile Usage
- Don't take your mobile to the study zone.
- Keep your mobile on flight mode while studying.
- Check your phone usage and apps weekly.

2️⃣ Early Morning Routine
- Sleep early.
- Set 3 alarms on a loud volume.
- Rush to the study table within 15 minutes of waking up.

3️⃣ Plan Your Day:
- Keep a small diary or use the attached planner.
- Write a to-do list and assign time slots.

4️⃣ Short Focused Sessions:

- Practice meditation.
- Use the pomodoro technique (25 minutes study, 5 minutes break).


5️⃣ Nutrition and Exercise:
- Maintain a balanced diet for focus.
- Don't forget physical exercise (even 30 minutes of fast-paced walking).

Remember: The difference between successful and unsuccessful candidates is that one group is full of doers, while the other is full of wishers.

* Nano Bubble Technology: Water treatment using tiny bubbles for enhanced water quality.

* Benefits: Contaminant removal, increased dissolved oxygen, algae/biofilm reduction, improved aquatic animal water quality, better distribution/oxidation/disinfection.

* Protected Areas (India): Managed under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Management includes water level/aeration/circulation, silt/weed management, STPs.

* Zoos (India): Central Zoo Authority ensures hygiene/health of captive aquatic animals (Recognition of Zoo Rules, 2009).

* India Status: Pilot phase. Long-term impact studies pending.

🔆 POCSO Act: Protecting Children from Sexual Offences

✅ Context : The Supreme Court of India reinforced that consuming sexually explicit content involving minors is a serious crime under the POCSO Act.

📍 About the POCSO Act (2012)
✅ India’s first comprehensive law addressing child sexual abuse, administered by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
✅ Aims to:
Protect children from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography.
Establish Special Courts for speedy trials.
✅ Amended in 2019: Introduced stricter penalties for severe offences.

📍 Key Provisions
✅ Gender-neutral: Defines a child as anyone under 18 years.
✅ Mandatory Reporting: Failure to report sexual offences is punishable.
✅ No Time Limit: Abuse can be reported anytime, even after years.
✅ Confidentiality: Victim’s identity cannot be disclosed without Special Court approval.

#gs1
#society

Dear Students,
Third Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Financial Markets

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Good Morning🌞🌞

6 luxuries in life:

✅time
✅health
✅a quiet mind
✅slow mornings
✅ability to travel
✅a house full of love

Mount Harriet: Biodiversity and Significance 🌳🐾

✅ Forests: Known for evergreen primary forests and mixed deciduous forests, making it a biodiversity hotspot.
✅ Wildlife: Home to unique species like:
- Andaman wild pigs 🐗 (Endangered)
- Saltwater crocodiles 🐊
- Turtles 🐢
- Robber crabs 🦀

✅ Geographical Importance:
- Mount Harriet is the third-highest peak in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

🌍 A vital ecological zone with unique flora and fauna, contributing to the rich biodiversity of the region.

India Budget 2025-26: Sector-Wise Allocation (Descending Order)

1️⃣ ₹6.8 lakh crore – Defense & National Security
2️⃣ ₹3.5 lakh crore – Agriculture & Rural Development🚜
3️⃣ ₹3 lakh crore – Healthcare & Pharma 🏥
4️⃣ ₹2.9 lakh crore – Railways (Vande Bharat Freight Corridors) 🚆

Dear Students,
Fourth Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Public Finance

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

The significance of Sacred Groves is:

SACRED 🌿
• S – Soil & Climate Protection (Prevents erosion, stabilizes ecosystems)
E.g. Sarna forests in Jharkhand help prevent land degradation and desertification.

• A – Aquifer & Water Conservation (Maintains water tables, supports springs and rivers)
E.g. Sarpa Kavu groves in Kerala are crucial for maintaining local water tables and streamflow.

• C – Cultural & Religious Heritage (Integral to local traditions, rituals, and beliefs)
E.g. Mawphlang sacred forest in Meghalaya is central to Khasi tribal rituals and remains untouched for centuries.

• R – Reservoir of Biodiversity (Home to rare, endemic, and medicinal species)
E.g. Many groves in the Western Ghats serve as genetic reservoirs for native flora and fauna.

• E – Ecological Disaster Mitigation (Shields against floods, landslides, and droughts)
E.g. Dense groves in Rajasthan protect against desertification and extreme climate events.

• D – Divine Connection with Nature (Revered as abodes of deities and spirits, ensuring conservation)
E.g. Sacred groves in Himachal Pradesh are protected as the dwelling places of local deities.