Environmental Kuznet curve

Post-Glacial Ecosystems: A Silver Lining to Climate Change? 🌍❄️

📰 Why in News?
Glacier retreat, a clear consequence of climate change, is revealing opportunities for developing new ecosystems that could help mitigate climate change impacts, as per a global study.

🌱 Key Findings:
✅ Emerging Ecosystems: Glacier retreat gives rise to new ecosystems, capable of capturing carbon through biogeochemical processes and biomass growth.
✅ Microbial Colonization: Microorganisms like bacteria and algae are the first settlers, followed by plants (lichens, mosses, grass), enriching the soil for larger life forms.
✅ Temporary Habitats: Deglaciated areas, particularly in Himalayas and sub-polar regions, act as biodiversity hotspots and serve as refuges for cold-adapted species.

🌍 Why Are These Ecosystems Important?
✅ Biodiversity: Potential for medicinal and agricultural discoveries.
✅ Eco-Tourism: Boosts local economies while promoting conservation.
✅ Water Regulation: Post-glacial ecosystems in regions like the Himalayas help regulate water availability, affecting rivers that millions depend on.

🧊 About Glaciers:
✅ What Are They? Massive ice sheets moving under their own weight, shaping landscapes like valleys and moraines.
✅ Significance: Glaciers store 69% of the world’s freshwater and are critical for water supplies.

🌊 Impacts of Melting Glaciers:
✅ Rising Sea Levels: Causes coastal flooding and erosion.
✅ Freshwater Scarcity: Shrinking glaciers threaten future water supplies.
✅ Biodiversity Loss: Disrupts ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
✅ Economic Risks: Tourism-dependent regions, like the Himalayas, face uncertainties.
✅ Global Warming Feedback Loop: Loss of reflective glacier surfaces accelerates warming.

🌟 Way Forward:
Efforts to study, manage, and promote biodiversity in post-glacial ecosystems are vital for creating a sustainable balance between climate change mitigation and natural habitat preservation. 🌿

#Environment

📊 Economic Survey 2024-25: Key Takeaways 📊

✅ GDP Growth: Projected at 6.5-7% for FY25.
✅ Deregulation Focus: Boosting jobs & increasing female workforce participation.
✅ Inflation: Down to 5.4% in FY24 from 6.7% in FY23.
✅ Employment: Services & construction sectors leading job creation.
✅ Inequality: Govt aims to formalize informal sectors & increase female participation.
✅ Fiscal Health: Capital investment up, current account deficit down to 0.7% of GDP.
✅ Global Risks: Geopolitical conflicts & supply chain disruptions remain concerns.

📌 Overall: Optimistic but cautious, with focus on reforms & sustained growth.

Join : https://t.me/thegameoftoppers

To All UPSC-CSE Prelims 2025 Aspirants:

🔻 Focus on the fundamentals—stick to the basics, master static NCERTs, and prioritize PYQs.

🔻 Analyze PYQs deeply: Don’t just solve them—research each question, understand why an option is correct, and why others aren’t.

🔻 Identify repeated themes: Track recurring topics, make a list, and revise them regularly.

🔻 Commit to PYQs religiously: Cover at least 30 years of UPSC Prelims PYQs without fail.

🔻 If time permits, solve GS questions from the last 2 years of CDS, CAPF, Geoscientist, and other UPSC exams to diversify your exposure.

🔻 Test yourself smartly: Attempt good State PCS FLTs if you want to assess your performance.

🔻 In May 2025, practice 10 years of official UPSC Prelims FLTs under strict exam-like conditions.

Avoid the noise, stay consistent, and remain focused. Your clarity and discipline will set you apart.

"No country has become rich without using a lot of energy ... there's discussion on the need to reduce emissions of India, China, and other fast growing countries so that they don't become large fossil fuel consumers" ....

Copper Production

Origin - Financial Crisis in 1997-98 of the Asian Tigers.
1999 - It worked first as a forum for the Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers of the major industrialised and developing economies to discuss global economic and financial stability.

2008 global financial crisis- It was upgraded to the level of Heads of State or Government.

2009 - it was declared as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation” And have met on a regular basis since then

Nano bubble technology #prelims@thegameoftoppers

Dear Students,
First Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8:30 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Basic Concepts

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Major folk theatres #prelims #art

🔆 Scarborough Shoal: A Key Flashpoint in the South China Sea

📍 What is it?
A coral atoll in the South China Sea, disputed between China & the Philippines. Also known as Scarborough Reef (Huangyan Dao).

📍 Why is it Important?
✅ Strategic Location – Near key shipping lanes, close to Philippines, Vietnam, and China
✅ Rich Marine Life – A crucial fishing ground
✅ Military Significance – Ideal for military outposts

📍 The Dispute
✅ China’s Claim – Part of its Nine-Dash Line, covering most of the South China Sea
✅ Philippines’ Claim – Took the dispute to international arbitration
✅ China’s Control – Since 2012, with a constant coast guard presence

📍 International Response
✅ 2016 Tribunal Ruling – Rejected China’s claim
✅ Philippines’ Demand – Calls for international scrutiny of the shoal.

New PM of Belgium

Dear Students,
Second Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Money and Banking

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

🔆 Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb Islands

📍 Location
✅ The Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb islands are located in the eastern Persian Gulf, near the Strait of Hormuz, a vital global trade route.
✅ Abu Musa is another strategically important island in the region.

📍 Recent Context
✅ Iran has summoned China's ambassador to protest a joint China-UAE statement regarding the sovereignty of these islands.
✅ Iran has held control over these islands since 1971, a move that has been contested by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

📍 Significance
✅ Strategic Importance: Proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20% of global oil supply passes.
✅ Geopolitical Tensions: Sovereignty disputes highlight the region's sensitive geopolitical dynamics.

📍 Current Status
✅ Despite claims by the UAE, the islands remain under Iranian control, adding to the complexity of regional diplomacy.

#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #geography

With less than 135 days until the Prelims, here are 5 tips to help you make this attempt your best yet—

1️⃣ Reducing Mobile Usage
- Don't take your mobile to the study zone.
- Keep your mobile on flight mode while studying.
- Check your phone usage and apps weekly.

2️⃣ Early Morning Routine
- Sleep early.
- Set 3 alarms on a loud volume.
- Rush to the study table within 15 minutes of waking up.

3️⃣ Plan Your Day:
- Keep a small diary or use the attached planner.
- Write a to-do list and assign time slots.

4️⃣ Short Focused Sessions:

- Practice meditation.
- Use the pomodoro technique (25 minutes study, 5 minutes break).


5️⃣ Nutrition and Exercise:
- Maintain a balanced diet for focus.
- Don't forget physical exercise (even 30 minutes of fast-paced walking).

Remember: The difference between successful and unsuccessful candidates is that one group is full of doers, while the other is full of wishers.

* Nano Bubble Technology: Water treatment using tiny bubbles for enhanced water quality.

* Benefits: Contaminant removal, increased dissolved oxygen, algae/biofilm reduction, improved aquatic animal water quality, better distribution/oxidation/disinfection.

* Protected Areas (India): Managed under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Management includes water level/aeration/circulation, silt/weed management, STPs.

* Zoos (India): Central Zoo Authority ensures hygiene/health of captive aquatic animals (Recognition of Zoo Rules, 2009).

* India Status: Pilot phase. Long-term impact studies pending.

🔆 POCSO Act: Protecting Children from Sexual Offences

✅ Context : The Supreme Court of India reinforced that consuming sexually explicit content involving minors is a serious crime under the POCSO Act.

📍 About the POCSO Act (2012)
✅ India’s first comprehensive law addressing child sexual abuse, administered by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
✅ Aims to:
Protect children from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography.
Establish Special Courts for speedy trials.
✅ Amended in 2019: Introduced stricter penalties for severe offences.

📍 Key Provisions
✅ Gender-neutral: Defines a child as anyone under 18 years.
✅ Mandatory Reporting: Failure to report sexual offences is punishable.
✅ No Time Limit: Abuse can be reported anytime, even after years.
✅ Confidentiality: Victim’s identity cannot be disclosed without Special Court approval.

#gs1
#society

Dear Students,
Third Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Financial Markets

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl