🔆 Weaving in India

📍 Context : On National Textile Day, a tribute was paid to the rich tradition of Indian weavers, showcasing their significant contributions to India's heritage.

📍 History of Weaving in India

🕉 Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE): Evidence of cotton cultivation and textile production, with dyed cotton fragments found in Mohenjo-Daro.
📜 Vedic Period (Rigveda, 1500–500 BCE): Mentions of weavers as "vaya" (male) and "vayitri" (female), highlighting the craft’s early roots.
🏹 Post-Vedic Period: The Mahabharata mentions silk fabrics, while Buddhist texts describe textiles like linen, cotton, and silk, emphasizing the importance of weavers.
👑 Mughal Empire (1526–1857): Flourishing of luxury textiles like brocades, muslins, and velvets through Karkhanas (workshops). Sericulture expanded in Kashmir, as noted in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi.
⚙️ Modern India: The Industrial Revolution led to the decline of Indian textiles due to competition from machine-made products, causing economic losses and the erosion of traditional markets.

📍 State/UT Weaves

🎨 North:
✅Jammu & Kashmir: Kani Weave, Kashmiri Pashmina.
✅Himachal Pradesh: Kullu Shawls.
✅Punjab: Khes Weave.

🎨 Northeast:
✅Assam: Muga Silk, Eri Silk.
✅Nagaland: Chakhesang Shawl.
✅Meghalaya: Eri Weave, Tap-Moh Khlieh.

🎨 West:
✅Gujarat: Patola, Mashru Weave.
✅Rajasthan: Kota Doria, Jaipuri Rajai.
✅Maharashtra: Paithani, Himru Weave.

🎨 South:
✅Tamil Nadu: Kanchipuram, Kandagi.
✅Andhra Pradesh: Venkatagiri, Dharmavaram Handloom.
✅Karnataka: Ilkal, Mysore Silk.

🎨 East:
✅West Bengal: Jamdani, Baluchari.
✅Odisha: Sambalpuri, Bomkai.
✅Bihar: Bhagalpuri Weaving.

#gs1 #prelims #art_and_culture

UNFCC COP 29

Dear Students,
Sixth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:-  Judiciary

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Highest peaks of India #prelims #pre_revision

📌 UNION AND TERRITORIES CREATED AFTER 1956.

#unionanditsterritories

1. MAHARASHTRA and GUJARAT

🔸️ In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states–Maharashtra for Marathi speaking people and Gujarat for Gujarati speaking people.

🔸️ Gujarat was established as the 15th state of the Indian Union.

Dear Students,
Seventh Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:-  Centre - Judiciary

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

FDI and FPI #economics #UPSC

🔳 China successfully launched Pakistani satellite 'PRSC-EO1' into space

◼️China has been launching satellites for Pakistan for the past few years, further expanding their evergreen alliance in the space sector.

◼️Last year, China launched a multi-mission communications satellite for Pakistan.

◾️In 2018, China put two Pakistani satellites into orbit. PRSS-1, Pakistan's first optical remote sensing satellite, and PakTES-1A, a small observation vehicle.

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #space

Peaks of India

Dear Students,
Eighth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 5:30 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:-  Inter - State Relation

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

🔆 India Has to Raise Number of Operational Satellites: ISRO Chief-Designate

✅ Key Points
India needs to increase the number of operational satellites from 54 to over 100 in the next three to four years.
This is the vision set by V. Narayanan, the incoming ISRO Chairperson.

📍 Key Events
National Aerospace Manufacturing Seminar 2025: V. Narayanan outlined the satellite expansion plan during his message at this seminar.

🔳 4th edition of La Perouse

◼️The Indian Navy is participating in this mega war game along with the navies of eight countries including the US and France

◾️ This naval exercise is going on in the Malacca Sunda and Lombok Strait between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

◾️ The 9-day exercise, which began on January 16, aims to enhance cooperation among the participating countries in the field of maritime surveillance air operations and information sharing

◾️ The French Carrier Strike Group led by the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle is the mainstay of this mega exercise

◾️India, America, France, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada, Britain are participating in the exercise

◾️India's indigenous missile destroyer INS Mumbai is part of it

#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #defence

🔆 Bay of Biscay: A Key Feature of the North Atlantic

📍 Location
✅ Situated along the western coast of Europe, bordered by France (east) and Spain (south).
✅ Lies between 46°N and 43°N latitude, connected to the North Atlantic Ocean.

📍 Key Features
✅ Shape & Size: Triangular-shaped bay, spanning approximately 225,000 km².
✅ Depth: Shallow near the coast; Bay of Biscay Abyssal Plain reaches depths of up to 4,735 meters.
✅ Major Rivers: Receives waters from Loire, Gironde, and Adour in France.

📍 Oceanographic Importance
✅ Strong Tides: Known for its high tidal ranges and rough seas.
✅ Winter Storms: Frequent storms and powerful waves, especially in the northwestern part.
✅ Marine Life: Rich biodiversity, with whales, dolphins, and seabirds commonly sighted.

Indian Coffee Brews Global Demand

Fueling Surge in Exports

1) India is now the seventh-largest coffee producer globally with exports reaching $1.29 billion in FY 2023-24, almost double the $719.42 million in 2020-21.

2) In the first half of January 2025 India exported over 9,300 tonnes of coffee with top buyers including Italy, Belgium, and Russia. Approximately three-fourths of India’s coffee production consists of Arabica and Robusta beans.

Dear Students,
Ninth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:-  Inter -  Local Government

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Dear Students,
Tenth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:-  Constitutional Bodies

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Dear Students,
Eleventh Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8:30 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Electoral System

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Uttarakhand will be implementing the Uniform Civil Code today, making it the first state in independent India to put into effect such a law.

Know more about it here: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uniform-civil-code-to-be-implemented-on-january-27-in-uttarakhand-all-we-know-so-far-101737936531132.html

Maha Kumbh 2025: A Model for Cleanliness and Sustainability 🌊♻️

✅ Plastic-Free Zones:
🛑 Complete ban on single-use plastics.
🔍 Strict monitoring to enforce the ban.

✅ Sanitation Infrastructure:
🚻 12,000 FRP toilets installed for public use.
🚾 20,000 community urinals for convenience.
🏗 16,100 prefabricated steel toilets strategically placed.

✅ Waste Management Highlights:
🗑 20,000 bins for waste segregation at source.
🛍 37.75 lakh liner bags for proper waste collection.
🧹 Special teams deployed to clean after major rituals.

✅ 🌳 Miyawaki Forests:
🌱 Dense green cover using the Miyawaki technique.
🌿 Over 1.19 lakh saplings planted, including neem, peepal, and medicinal plants.

✅ 👨‍🔧 Welfare of Sanitation Workers:
🏠 Provision of housing and education under the Vidya Kumbh initiative.
💸 Ensuring timely wages and worker benefits.

✅ 📚 Green Maha Kumbh:
🌍 National discussion on environmental conservation with 1,000+ experts.
🗓 Scheduled for January 31, 2025.

Maha Kumbh 2025 blends tradition with sustainability, setting a benchmark for eco-friendly mega-events.
🌟✨

Join : https://t.me/thegameoftoppers

Dear Students,
First Environment Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Environment
Sub topic:- Introduction to Environment and Ecology

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl