Foreign policy ideas for 21st century

HMPV #science_and_technology #prelims #pre_revision
#pre@thegameoftoppers

LEADS: Logistics Ease Across Different States.
✅Launched In: 2018.
✅Ministry: Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
📍Aim:
✅Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs.
✅Provide actionable insights for logistics reforms.
✅Foster competitive federalism to enhance logistics efficiency.
📍Parameters:
✅Logistics Infrastructure.
✅Logistics Services.
✅Operating and Regulatory Environment.
📍Methodology:
✅Based on over 7,300 responses from a pan-India survey conducted.
✅Includes inputs from 750+ stakeholder consultations and associations

#Government_schemes
#polity@thegameoftoppers

🔆The article analyzes the One Nation, One Election (ONOE) proposal, discussing its potential impact on India's federal structure and democracy.
Key Points:
✅Proposal for ONOE
✅Concerns over Federalism
✅Impact on State Governments: Frequent elections under ONOE would limit the tenure of State governments, impacting their ability to implement policies and undermining democratic principles.
✅Historical Context: The article traces the history of simultaneous elections in India, highlighting the misuse of Article 356 (President's Rule) and its impact on federalism.
✅Need for Reforms: Before implementing ONOE, the article emphasizes the need for reforms to address issues like the misuse of Article 356, strengthening anti-defection laws, and ensuring the stability of State governments.
#polity #mains #article@thegameoftoppers

Gratitude

The intention and the action of gratitude is the inner symphony of the heart. It opens to sing with thanks for the smallest of things.

Gratitude is the kind of loving thanks which touches another's heart in a place where they will allow you to reside for a long time.

"I'm thankful for all of it.

I'm thankful for all the Love.
I'm thankful for all the Hate.
All the highs and the lows.
All the blessings and the lessons.
The positives. The negatives.
The setbacks. The comebacks.

Everything. ✨❤️
I'm thankful for everything"

(Say, I'm thankful for all of it)

https://t.me/thegameoftoppers

🔆GPS Spoofing:

✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals. 
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.

📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?

✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.

#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers

Good Morning 🌞🌄

NEWS: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has issued new draft regulations that significantly overhaul the appointment process for Vice-Chancellors and contract teachers in higher education institutions.



Fact-sheet: University Grants commission (UGC)
1) Established: 1956 by an Act of Parliament

2) Type: Statutory body of the Government of India

3) Purpose: Coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in higher education

4) Key Functions:
a) Providing recognition to universities in India
b) Disbursing funds to recognized universities and colleges
c) Advising the government on higher education policy
d) Promoting and coordinating university education
e) Maintaining standards of teaching, examination and research

🔆The article discusses a former U.S. president's criticism of the Panama Canal Treaty and Panama's response.
Key Points:

Panama canal map click here

✅Criticism of Treaty: A former U.S. president deemed the 1999 treaty transferring the Panama Canal to Panama as “foolish,” citing high transit fees for U.S. vessels as the primary reason.
✅Increased Transit Fees: Drought in Panama has led to reduced ship capacity through the canal, resulting in increased fees for U.S. vessels.
✅Treaty Details: The Torrijos-Carter Treaties of 1977 transferred the canal to Panama on December 31, 1999, while also guaranteeing U.S. right of transit in case of military emergencies.
#mains@thegameoftoppers
#mains

The Peshwas #prelims #history@thegameoftoppers

Iberian Lynx #science_technology #environment@thegameoftoppers

Zero light , zero cop system to decongest roads

Good morning 🌅🌄

Cattle burping remedies

Supplements to reduce methane emissions from cow burps, a major GHG contributor.

Adoption challenges exist, but potential incentives include policy support & commercial advantages (e.g., increased milk/meat production).

e.g. Bloat-Go, Red seaweed

Good Morning 🌅🌄

#Geo@thegameoftoppers #prelims

Critical Minerals

✅A mineral is labelled as critical when the risk of supply shortage and associated impact on the economy is relatively higher than the other raw materials.
✅The risk of supply shortage would ideally capture import dependence, recycling potential, and substitutability of these minerals.

✅The Centre for Socio and Economic Progress (CSEP) in its paper “Assessing the Criticality of Minerals in India” (2023) evaluated the criticality of minerals in India based on two dimensions:
🔸economic importance for the Indian economy and
🔸supply risks.

#geography #UPSC #PSC