🔆Koraga Tribe
✅Habitat – Kerala and Karnataka.
✅Status – Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
✅Language – Tulu language
✅Operation Smile – Launched by the Kerala government with the aim to rehabilitate, support homeless people.
✅The Family among the Koraga is matrilineal, the decent being reckoned along the female line. But residence after marriage is patrilocal.
✅The property is equally divided among both sons and daughters.

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🔆The article analyzes Beijing's successful efforts to reduce air pollution and draws parallels with Delhi's situation.

Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment

Polar Geoengineering

In News

• Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
• Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect

Technique⚙️?
• Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
• Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims

“Scientists discover the largest coral colony on Earth in the Solomon Islands: Key insights on its size and age”
It’s the largest coral known to date. The coral is comparable in size to two basketball courts or five tennis courts.

Physical Characteristics:

1. It is lying at a depth of 40 feet below the surface. Its height (16 feet) indicates an estimated age of over 300 years.
2. It is visible from space due to its sheer size and striking colors.
3. It belongs to the Pavona clavus species. It is predominantly brown but includes vibrant hues of yellow, blue, and red.
4. It provides habitat, shelter, and breeding grounds for various marine species, including shrimp, crabs, and fish.
5. It has been compared to finding the world’s tallest tree due to its ecological importance.

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Barak River:

✅Origin and Course:
Rises in the Manipur Hills, flows into Assam, and later enters Bangladesh as the Surma and Kushiyara rivers.
✅Joins the Meghna River, receiving the combined flow of the Ganga and Brahmaputra.
✅Tributaries: Major tributaries include the Jiri, Dhaleswari, Singla, Longai, Sonai, and Katakhal.
✅Drainage and Sub-basin:
Covers a drainage area of 41,723 sq. km in India, about 1.38% of the country’s total geographical area.
Lies across Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, Tripura, and Nagaland.
✅Geographic Boundaries:
Bounded by the Barail range to the north, the Lushai Hills to the east, and Bangladesh to the south and west.

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#lakes_series

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UCC

need for UCC (Uniform Civil Code) in India:

“UNITY”

Each letter represents a key reason, with the given examples integrated:
1. U - Universal Gender Equality
• Eliminates discriminatory practices in personal laws.
Example: Hindu Succession Act reforms gave daughters equal inheritance rights, but Muslim women remain excluded.
2. N - Neutralizes Misuse of Personal Laws
• Ensures fairness across religions by addressing legal loopholes.
Example: Misuse of triple talaq before its criminalization caused injustice to Muslim women.
3. I - Integrates Communities for National Unity
• Unifies diverse groups under a common legal framework.
Example: Communal tensions often underscore the need for legal uniformity to promote harmony.
4. T - Tames Legal Complexity
• Simplifies disputes arising from varying personal laws.
Example: Inheritance conflicts between communities in Kerala and Tamil Nadu highlight this need.
5. Y - Yields Protection for Marginalized Groups
• Provides equitable legal safeguards for minorities and vulnerable groups.
Example: Tribal communities often face inequities under customary practices that could be addressed with UCC.

UNITY reflects the overarching goal of the UCC: fostering equality, fairness, and cohesion in India’s legal and social systems.

#mains #Government

🔆UN talks on drought deal in Saudi

✅The UN-hosted COP16 talks in Saudi Arabia failed to produce a binding protocol on drought response.

✅While no binding deal was reached, significant progress was made toward a future global drought regime, with plans to finalise it at COP17 in 2026 in Mongolia.

✅Droughts, exacerbated by environmental destruction, cost over $300 billion annually.
By 2050, 75% of the global population is expected to be affected by drought.

✅The UNCCD emphasised the need to restore 1.5 billion hectares of land by the decade’s end, requiring $2.6 trillion in global investments.

#gs3 #mains #prelims
#environment

Dedicated Freight Corridor

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