🔆The article commemorates the Vaikom Satyagraha, a landmark event in India's history that paved the way for social reforms in South India.

Key Points:
📍Vaikom Satyagraha:
✅A non-violent protest against the restriction of backward caste Hindus from entering public roads near the Vaikom temple.
✅Led by Mahatma Gandhi and Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.
✅Culminated in the lifting of restrictions and paved the way for further social reforms.
📍Role of B.R. Ambedkar:
✅Ambedkar's inclusion of the clause "subject to public order, morality and health" in the Constitution enabled state intervention in religious matters.

📍Temple Entry Reforms:
✅Several states, particularly Tamil Nadu and Kerala, enacted laws to allow entry of all castes into temples

📍Significance of Vaikom Satyagraha:
✅A milestone in India's struggle for social justice and equality.
✅Inspired other social reform movements in India.
✅Showcased the power of non-violent resistance.
#gs1
#prelims
#History

🔆India’s Antarctic Programme

✅India’s Antarctic Programme, managed by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCPOR), began in 1981 with the first Indian expedition. NCPOR was established in 1998.
✅ Dakshin Gangotri: Dakshin Gangotri was India’s first research base in Antarctica, established in 1983. It was submerged in ice in 1988-89 and later decommissioned.
✅ Maitri: India’s second research station, was completed in 1989 in the Schirmacher Oasis. It also features Lake Priyadarshini, a freshwater lake created by India.
✅ Bharti: Operational since 2012, Bharti is India’s latest research station, located 3,000 km east of Maitri. It is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions.
✅ Sagar Nidhi: Commissioned in 2008, this ice-class vessel by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) can cut through 40 cm of ice. It supports various research activities, including ROV operations, deep-sea mining, and tsunami studies.

🔳Romania, Bulgaria will join EU's Schengen area on January 1, 2025

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #IR #prelims

UPI is now accepted in 7 countries:

1) France
2) Sri Lanka
3) United Arab Emirates (UAE)
4) Mauritius
5) Singapore
6) Nepal
7) Bhutan

#upsc #prelims2025

Good Morning 🌅🌄

🔳3 Indians Shine On Forbes' 2024 World's Most Powerful Women List

◼️Forbes 2024 list of The Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women features three Indians Nirmala Sitharaman, Roshni Nadar Malhotra and Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw.

◼️The number 28 on the list is Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman.

◼️Ranked 81st on the list, Roshni Nadar Malhotra is the Chairperson of HCL Technologies, one of India's leading IT services firms, and CEO of HCL Corporation.

◼️Ranked 82nd in Forbes' Power Women list and 91st among India's richest individuals in 2024, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw has earned her place as a trailblazer in biotechnology. She is the founder and chairperson of Biocon, a biopharmaceutical company she established in 1978.

#currentaffairs #UPSC #PSC #rank #prelims

Tiger Reserves #upsc #prelims #pre_revision

🔆PRAYAAS

✅Aligned with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP 2020), Promotion of Research Attitude in Young And Aspiring Students (PRAYAAS), 2024–25.

✅PRAYAAS 2024-25 is a groundbreaking initiative by the Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM).
, to promote scientific inquiry, creativity and problem-solving skills in young learners from grades 9 to 11.

✅This program equips students to use the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) approach to address real-world problems through cooperative research projects with educational institutions and schools.

✅The selected participants will be given mentorship, catalytic grants and opportunities to showcase their creative solutions on national platforms.

Good Morning 🌅🌄

Tikhir Tribe:

✅It is one of the indigenous Naga tribes, found in Nagaland and in parts of the neighboring States. Some live across the border, in Myanmar also.
✅They speak a language called Naga Yimchungru, which is part of the Tibeto-Burman language family, like other Naga languages.
✅They make their living from agriculture and hunting. At one time, the Tikhir were headhunters and a man's prestige depended upon the number of enemies he had killed.
✅Headhunting was banned, and the last recorded incident took place in the 1960s.
📍Beliefs:
✅With the coming of the Christian missionaries to Nagaland, most Tikhirs converted to Christianity.
✅Many of the Tikhir practice elements of folk religion with their Christianity.
✅"Tsonglaknyi" the main Tikhir Festival, is observed from 9th to 12th October every year. It is basically a festival of the sanctification of Shield

#geography

Autonomous Council in NE India

🔳India's dope testing lab gets WADA approval for biological passport

◼️This allows the NDTL to manage the biological profiles of athletes, enhance anti-doping efforts and promote fair play.

◼️With this, India has joined the 17 countries that have such a unit, which will also help neighbouring countries.

#currentaffairs #UPPSC #PSC #prelims

Widal Test:

✍️ The Widal Test is a test done for diagnosing typhoid fever.
✍️ Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, and it is commonly spread through contaminated food or water.
✍️ A person with typhoid fever will experience symptoms like fatigue, high fever, headache, diarrhoea or constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss, and red spots.
✍️ The widal test is a serological test that detects antibodies against the bacteria in a patient’s blood sample, indicating whether or not they have been infected with the bacteria.
✍️ It is used to help diagnose a current or recent infection or to determine if an individual has had a previous typhoid infection.

Hope keeps you aimingfor the target, even if you miss the mark. True failure is not trying at all. Keep giving your best, and success will follow.

🔆The article critically analyzes the Paris Agreement nine years after its finalization, highlighting its shortcomings and the challenges in achieving its goals.

Key Points:
📍Dwindling Trust:
✅Developed countries have failed to fulfill their financial commitments.
✅Lack of trust between developed and developing countries.
✅Growing frustration among developing nations, particularly small island states.
📍Weakening of the Agreement:
✅The Paris Agreement has been weakened through various mechanisms.
✅Developed countries have shifted the burden of climate action onto developing nations.
The focus on "nationally determined contributions" has diluted the collective effort.
📍Global Climate Crisis:
✅Global emissions continue to rise, exacerbating climate change.
✅Extreme weather events and climate-related disasters are becoming more frequent and severe..
📍Need for a Stronger Global Response:
✅Increased ambition and action from all countries.
✅Enhanced financial and technological support for developing nations.

🔆Koraga Tribe
✅Habitat – Kerala and Karnataka.
✅Status – Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
✅Language – Tulu language
✅Operation Smile – Launched by the Kerala government with the aim to rehabilitate, support homeless people.
✅The Family among the Koraga is matrilineal, the decent being reckoned along the female line. But residence after marriage is patrilocal.
✅The property is equally divided among both sons and daughters.

#Tribe

Good morning 🌅🌄

🔆The article analyzes Beijing's successful efforts to reduce air pollution and draws parallels with Delhi's situation.

Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment