Padma Shree 2024 x PRELIMS 2025
These cultural icons are your potential UPSC Prelims questions & powerful Ethics case studies in the making.✨️
Let's honor their dedication to preserving Bharat's heritage.
Share & remember their Legacy.
Save for Revisions ✅️
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DJ1nRv7yZ7s/?igsh=MTRyM2Fyd2g3bXdxYw==
These cultural icons are your potential UPSC Prelims questions & powerful Ethics case studies in the making.✨️
Let's honor their dedication to preserving Bharat's heritage.
Share & remember their Legacy.
Save for Revisions ✅️
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DJ1nRv7yZ7s/?igsh=MTRyM2Fyd2g3bXdxYw==
🔆Mosura fentoni
✅Lived around 506 million years ago, during the Cambrian period.
✅Classification: Belongs to Radiodonta, an extinct lineage of early arthropods that also includes Anomalocaris.
Size: Approximately the length of an adult human index finger.
✅Eyes: Possessed three eyes-two lateral and one prominent central eye-providing advanced visual capabilities for its time.
✅Trunk-Like Body: Elongated body with swimming flaps along the sides for propulsion, similar to the movement of modern rays.
✅Abdomen-Like Region: Unique among radiodonts, Mosura fentoni had a segmented rear section comprising 16 tightly packed segments, each lined with gills.
✅This structure likely enhanced its respiratory efficiency and is considered an example of evolutionary convergence with modern arthropods such as horseshoe crabs and insects.
✅Respiration: Breathed through gills located at the posterior end of its body, a feature not previously seen in related species.
#gs3
#prelims
✅Lived around 506 million years ago, during the Cambrian period.
✅Classification: Belongs to Radiodonta, an extinct lineage of early arthropods that also includes Anomalocaris.
Size: Approximately the length of an adult human index finger.
✅Eyes: Possessed three eyes-two lateral and one prominent central eye-providing advanced visual capabilities for its time.
✅Trunk-Like Body: Elongated body with swimming flaps along the sides for propulsion, similar to the movement of modern rays.
✅Abdomen-Like Region: Unique among radiodonts, Mosura fentoni had a segmented rear section comprising 16 tightly packed segments, each lined with gills.
✅This structure likely enhanced its respiratory efficiency and is considered an example of evolutionary convergence with modern arthropods such as horseshoe crabs and insects.
✅Respiration: Breathed through gills located at the posterior end of its body, a feature not previously seen in related species.
#gs3
#prelims
🔆What is PBAT?
✅Kamalpur Nagar Panchayat in Tripura has introduced compostable bags made from PBAT as a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic (SUP).
📍What is PBAT?
✅PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as an eco-friendly substitute for traditional plastics.
✅It is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid and can be processed using conventional plastic manufacturing methods.
✅PBAT is often blended with other biopolymers to enhance its mechanical and barrier properties
📍Properties of PBAT
✅100% compostable – breaks down into water, CO₂, and biomass under industrial composting conditions within 180 days.
✅Flexible and tough, making it ideal for bags, films, and packaging.
✅It is moisture-resistant, chemically inert, and offers good barrier properties.
#gs3
#environment
✅Kamalpur Nagar Panchayat in Tripura has introduced compostable bags made from PBAT as a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic (SUP).
📍What is PBAT?
✅PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as an eco-friendly substitute for traditional plastics.
✅It is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid and can be processed using conventional plastic manufacturing methods.
✅PBAT is often blended with other biopolymers to enhance its mechanical and barrier properties
📍Properties of PBAT
✅100% compostable – breaks down into water, CO₂, and biomass under industrial composting conditions within 180 days.
✅Flexible and tough, making it ideal for bags, films, and packaging.
✅It is moisture-resistant, chemically inert, and offers good barrier properties.
#gs3
#environment
🔖 Prelims Exam Essentials Checklist (25th May 2025) 🔖
1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card
2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card)
3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear)
4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)
5️⃣ Black ball pen (2-3 pens + 2 backups be ready for any situation)
6️⃣ Keep Your (STATIC + PYQs) Knowledge.
7️⃣ Pain relief spray/medicines (Optional), mask, sanitizer, and transparent water bottle
8️⃣ Simple wristwatch/analog watch (no smartwatches allowed)
9️⃣ Lunch & chocolates for a quick energy boost
🔟 Minimal cash + 3Cs: Common Sense, Confidence, Calmness
🔄 Backup route plan:
Check Google Maps or do a dry run to the exam center a day before to avoid confusion or traffic delays.
⏳ Important: Be on time to avoid last-minute stress! Entry closes 30 minutes before the exam starts. Latecomers won’t be allowed.
ALL THE BEST 💯
#exam #prelims
1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card
2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card)
3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear)
4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)
5️⃣ Black ball pen (2-3 pens + 2 backups be ready for any situation)
6️⃣ Keep Your (STATIC + PYQs) Knowledge.
7️⃣ Pain relief spray/medicines (Optional), mask, sanitizer, and transparent water bottle
8️⃣ Simple wristwatch/analog watch (no smartwatches allowed)
9️⃣ Lunch & chocolates for a quick energy boost
🔟 Minimal cash + 3Cs: Common Sense, Confidence, Calmness
🔄 Backup route plan:
Check Google Maps or do a dry run to the exam center a day before to avoid confusion or traffic delays.
⏳ Important: Be on time to avoid last-minute stress! Entry closes 30 minutes before the exam starts. Latecomers won’t be allowed.
ALL THE BEST 💯
#exam #prelims
The Game of Toppers pinned «🔖 Prelims Exam Essentials Checklist (25th May 2025) 🔖 1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card 2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card) 3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear) 4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)…»
🔆 Key Takeaways: Shingles, Vaccine Benefits & Public Health
📍 Shingles and Its Causes
✅ Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (same as chickenpox)
✅ Leads to painful rashes and complications like vision loss, paralysis, and brain inflammation
📍 Shingles Vaccine and Cardiovascular Benefits
✅ A South Korean study (European Heart Journal) found vaccinated individuals had:
▪ 26% lower risk of major cardiovascular events
▪ 24% lower risk of stroke
▪ 22% lower risk of heart attack and clotting disorders
✅ Benefits more pronounced in men under 60 and those with unhealthy lifestyles
📍 Link Between Shingles Vaccine and Lower Dementia Risk
✅ A Welsh study found a 3.5 percentage point reduction in dementia diagnoses over 7 years
▪ Equals a 20% lower risk compared to unvaccinated
✅ Vaccine may prevent virus reactivation, reducing neurological damage and cognitive decline
📍 Support from Other Studies
✅ 2023 Oxford study (Shingrix): 17% reduction in dementia diagnoses in 6 years
✅ Study in Alzheimer’s & Dementia (130 million people):
▪ Links between lower dementia risk and vaccines for hepatitis A, typhoid, diphtheria
✅ Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease study found:
▪ 30% lower risk with diphtheria vaccine
▪ 27% with pneumococcal vaccine
▪ 25% with shingles vaccine
📍 Significance in Public Health
✅ Evidence supports broad health benefits of vaccines beyond primary disease prevention
#security
📍 Shingles and Its Causes
✅ Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (same as chickenpox)
✅ Leads to painful rashes and complications like vision loss, paralysis, and brain inflammation
📍 Shingles Vaccine and Cardiovascular Benefits
✅ A South Korean study (European Heart Journal) found vaccinated individuals had:
▪ 26% lower risk of major cardiovascular events
▪ 24% lower risk of stroke
▪ 22% lower risk of heart attack and clotting disorders
✅ Benefits more pronounced in men under 60 and those with unhealthy lifestyles
📍 Link Between Shingles Vaccine and Lower Dementia Risk
✅ A Welsh study found a 3.5 percentage point reduction in dementia diagnoses over 7 years
▪ Equals a 20% lower risk compared to unvaccinated
✅ Vaccine may prevent virus reactivation, reducing neurological damage and cognitive decline
📍 Support from Other Studies
✅ 2023 Oxford study (Shingrix): 17% reduction in dementia diagnoses in 6 years
✅ Study in Alzheimer’s & Dementia (130 million people):
▪ Links between lower dementia risk and vaccines for hepatitis A, typhoid, diphtheria
✅ Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease study found:
▪ 30% lower risk with diphtheria vaccine
▪ 27% with pneumococcal vaccine
▪ 25% with shingles vaccine
📍 Significance in Public Health
✅ Evidence supports broad health benefits of vaccines beyond primary disease prevention
#security
🔆 Glaciers and Their Associated Rivers
1. Batura – Hunza
2. Hispar – Hispar
3. Biafo – Braldu
4. Kedar Bamak – Mandakini
5. Godwin Austen – Tributary of Baltoro Glacier
6. Siachen – Nubra
7. Baltoro – Braldu
8. Bandarpunch – Hanuman Ganga
9. Gangotri – Bhagirathi
10. Yamunotri – Yamuna
11. Satopanth – Alaknanda
12. Milam – Saryu
13. Pindari – Pindar (tributary of Alaknanda)
14. Zemu – Lanchen (tributary of Teesta)
15. Kunchenjunga – Kanchen (very small river)
1. Batura – Hunza
2. Hispar – Hispar
3. Biafo – Braldu
4. Kedar Bamak – Mandakini
5. Godwin Austen – Tributary of Baltoro Glacier
6. Siachen – Nubra
7. Baltoro – Braldu
8. Bandarpunch – Hanuman Ganga
9. Gangotri – Bhagirathi
10. Yamunotri – Yamuna
11. Satopanth – Alaknanda
12. Milam – Saryu
13. Pindari – Pindar (tributary of Alaknanda)
14. Zemu – Lanchen (tributary of Teesta)
15. Kunchenjunga – Kanchen (very small river)
⚠️8 Important Schemes whose ministries are difficult to guess & their objective :
1. PM-PRANAM – Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
Incentivizes states to reduce chemical fertilizer usage.
2. PM e-Bus Seva – Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
Deployment of 10,000 e-buses in Tier 2 & 3 cities under PPP model.
3. PM SHRI Schools – Ministry of Education
Upgrades 14,500 schools into model schools for quality education.
4. GOBARdhan Scheme (Expanded) – Ministry of Jal Shakti
Establishes bio-CNG plants using agricultural and animal waste.
5. Lakhpati Didi Yojana – Ministry of Rural Development
Empowers rural women to earn ₹1 lakh annually through SHG microenterprises.
6. NAMASTE Scheme – Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs + MoSJ&E
Focuses on rehabilitation and skilling of sanitation workers.
7. Vibrant Villages Programme – Ministry of Home Affairs
Develops infrastructure in border villages to prevent outmigration.
8. PM-DAKSH – Ministry of Social Justice
Skilling and upskilling for SC, OBC, and DNT communities.
1. PM-PRANAM – Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
Incentivizes states to reduce chemical fertilizer usage.
2. PM e-Bus Seva – Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
Deployment of 10,000 e-buses in Tier 2 & 3 cities under PPP model.
3. PM SHRI Schools – Ministry of Education
Upgrades 14,500 schools into model schools for quality education.
4. GOBARdhan Scheme (Expanded) – Ministry of Jal Shakti
Establishes bio-CNG plants using agricultural and animal waste.
5. Lakhpati Didi Yojana – Ministry of Rural Development
Empowers rural women to earn ₹1 lakh annually through SHG microenterprises.
6. NAMASTE Scheme – Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs + MoSJ&E
Focuses on rehabilitation and skilling of sanitation workers.
7. Vibrant Villages Programme – Ministry of Home Affairs
Develops infrastructure in border villages to prevent outmigration.
8. PM-DAKSH – Ministry of Social Justice
Skilling and upskilling for SC, OBC, and DNT communities.
सूरमा नहीं विचलित होते, क्षण एक नहीं धीरज खोते,
विघ्नों को गले लगाते हैं, काँटों में राह बनाते हैं।
मुख से न कभी उफ़ कहते हैं, संकट का चरण न गहते हैं,
जो आ पड़ता सब सहते हैं, उद्योग-निरत नित रहते हैं।
विघ्नों को गले लगाते हैं, काँटों में राह बनाते हैं।
मुख से न कभी उफ़ कहते हैं, संकट का चरण न गहते हैं,
जो आ पड़ता सब सहते हैं, उद्योग-निरत नित रहते हैं।
Join our exclusive 10-minutes power-packed counseling one to one session loaded with last-minute strategies to boost your prelims score by 15–20 marks!
Led by UPSC ace Vishal Dewan—cleared prelims twice with 120+ marks and a Top-100 finish in UPSC interview 2019
It's FREE of cost
Limited Seats
Don’t miss out! DM now to secure your spot. @ritujaR
Led by UPSC ace Vishal Dewan—cleared prelims twice with 120+ marks and a Top-100 finish in UPSC interview 2019
It's FREE of cost
Limited Seats
Don’t miss out! DM now to secure your spot. @ritujaR
The Game of Toppers pinned «Join our exclusive 10-minutes power-packed counseling one to one session loaded with last-minute strategies to boost your prelims score by 15–20 marks! Led by UPSC ace Vishal Dewan—cleared prelims twice with 120+ marks and a Top-100 finish in UPSC interview…»