♟️Karaivetti bird sanctuary - Tamilnadu
♟️Longwood Shola Forest - Tamilnadu
♟️Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
♟️Aganashini - Karnataka
♟️Magadi Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
*Prelims 2025*
♟️Longwood Shola Forest - Tamilnadu
♟️Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
♟️Aganashini - Karnataka
♟️Magadi Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
*Prelims 2025*
Padma Shree 2024 x PRELIMS 2025
These cultural icons are your potential UPSC Prelims questions & powerful Ethics case studies in the making.✨️
Let's honor their dedication to preserving Bharat's heritage.
Share & remember their Legacy.
Save for Revisions ✅️
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DJ1nRv7yZ7s/?igsh=MTRyM2Fyd2g3bXdxYw==
These cultural icons are your potential UPSC Prelims questions & powerful Ethics case studies in the making.✨️
Let's honor their dedication to preserving Bharat's heritage.
Share & remember their Legacy.
Save for Revisions ✅️
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DJ1nRv7yZ7s/?igsh=MTRyM2Fyd2g3bXdxYw==
🔆Mosura fentoni
✅Lived around 506 million years ago, during the Cambrian period.
✅Classification: Belongs to Radiodonta, an extinct lineage of early arthropods that also includes Anomalocaris.
Size: Approximately the length of an adult human index finger.
✅Eyes: Possessed three eyes-two lateral and one prominent central eye-providing advanced visual capabilities for its time.
✅Trunk-Like Body: Elongated body with swimming flaps along the sides for propulsion, similar to the movement of modern rays.
✅Abdomen-Like Region: Unique among radiodonts, Mosura fentoni had a segmented rear section comprising 16 tightly packed segments, each lined with gills.
✅This structure likely enhanced its respiratory efficiency and is considered an example of evolutionary convergence with modern arthropods such as horseshoe crabs and insects.
✅Respiration: Breathed through gills located at the posterior end of its body, a feature not previously seen in related species.
#gs3
#prelims
✅Lived around 506 million years ago, during the Cambrian period.
✅Classification: Belongs to Radiodonta, an extinct lineage of early arthropods that also includes Anomalocaris.
Size: Approximately the length of an adult human index finger.
✅Eyes: Possessed three eyes-two lateral and one prominent central eye-providing advanced visual capabilities for its time.
✅Trunk-Like Body: Elongated body with swimming flaps along the sides for propulsion, similar to the movement of modern rays.
✅Abdomen-Like Region: Unique among radiodonts, Mosura fentoni had a segmented rear section comprising 16 tightly packed segments, each lined with gills.
✅This structure likely enhanced its respiratory efficiency and is considered an example of evolutionary convergence with modern arthropods such as horseshoe crabs and insects.
✅Respiration: Breathed through gills located at the posterior end of its body, a feature not previously seen in related species.
#gs3
#prelims
🔆What is PBAT?
✅Kamalpur Nagar Panchayat in Tripura has introduced compostable bags made from PBAT as a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic (SUP).
📍What is PBAT?
✅PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as an eco-friendly substitute for traditional plastics.
✅It is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid and can be processed using conventional plastic manufacturing methods.
✅PBAT is often blended with other biopolymers to enhance its mechanical and barrier properties
📍Properties of PBAT
✅100% compostable – breaks down into water, CO₂, and biomass under industrial composting conditions within 180 days.
✅Flexible and tough, making it ideal for bags, films, and packaging.
✅It is moisture-resistant, chemically inert, and offers good barrier properties.
#gs3
#environment
✅Kamalpur Nagar Panchayat in Tripura has introduced compostable bags made from PBAT as a sustainable alternative to single-use plastic (SUP).
📍What is PBAT?
✅PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as an eco-friendly substitute for traditional plastics.
✅It is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and terephthalic acid and can be processed using conventional plastic manufacturing methods.
✅PBAT is often blended with other biopolymers to enhance its mechanical and barrier properties
📍Properties of PBAT
✅100% compostable – breaks down into water, CO₂, and biomass under industrial composting conditions within 180 days.
✅Flexible and tough, making it ideal for bags, films, and packaging.
✅It is moisture-resistant, chemically inert, and offers good barrier properties.
#gs3
#environment
🔖 Prelims Exam Essentials Checklist (25th May 2025) 🔖
1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card
2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card)
3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear)
4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)
5️⃣ Black ball pen (2-3 pens + 2 backups be ready for any situation)
6️⃣ Keep Your (STATIC + PYQs) Knowledge.
7️⃣ Pain relief spray/medicines (Optional), mask, sanitizer, and transparent water bottle
8️⃣ Simple wristwatch/analog watch (no smartwatches allowed)
9️⃣ Lunch & chocolates for a quick energy boost
🔟 Minimal cash + 3Cs: Common Sense, Confidence, Calmness
🔄 Backup route plan:
Check Google Maps or do a dry run to the exam center a day before to avoid confusion or traffic delays.
⏳ Important: Be on time to avoid last-minute stress! Entry closes 30 minutes before the exam starts. Latecomers won’t be allowed.
ALL THE BEST 💯
#exam #prelims
1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card
2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card)
3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear)
4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)
5️⃣ Black ball pen (2-3 pens + 2 backups be ready for any situation)
6️⃣ Keep Your (STATIC + PYQs) Knowledge.
7️⃣ Pain relief spray/medicines (Optional), mask, sanitizer, and transparent water bottle
8️⃣ Simple wristwatch/analog watch (no smartwatches allowed)
9️⃣ Lunch & chocolates for a quick energy boost
🔟 Minimal cash + 3Cs: Common Sense, Confidence, Calmness
🔄 Backup route plan:
Check Google Maps or do a dry run to the exam center a day before to avoid confusion or traffic delays.
⏳ Important: Be on time to avoid last-minute stress! Entry closes 30 minutes before the exam starts. Latecomers won’t be allowed.
ALL THE BEST 💯
#exam #prelims
The Game of Toppers pinned «🔖 Prelims Exam Essentials Checklist (25th May 2025) 🔖 1️⃣ Printout of your e-ADMIT card 2️⃣ Photo ID card (as mentioned in your admit card) 3️⃣ Two passport-size photos (if your admit card photo is unclear) 4️⃣ Exam pad (in case of an uncomfortable bench)…»
🔆 Key Takeaways: Shingles, Vaccine Benefits & Public Health
📍 Shingles and Its Causes
✅ Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (same as chickenpox)
✅ Leads to painful rashes and complications like vision loss, paralysis, and brain inflammation
📍 Shingles Vaccine and Cardiovascular Benefits
✅ A South Korean study (European Heart Journal) found vaccinated individuals had:
▪ 26% lower risk of major cardiovascular events
▪ 24% lower risk of stroke
▪ 22% lower risk of heart attack and clotting disorders
✅ Benefits more pronounced in men under 60 and those with unhealthy lifestyles
📍 Link Between Shingles Vaccine and Lower Dementia Risk
✅ A Welsh study found a 3.5 percentage point reduction in dementia diagnoses over 7 years
▪ Equals a 20% lower risk compared to unvaccinated
✅ Vaccine may prevent virus reactivation, reducing neurological damage and cognitive decline
📍 Support from Other Studies
✅ 2023 Oxford study (Shingrix): 17% reduction in dementia diagnoses in 6 years
✅ Study in Alzheimer’s & Dementia (130 million people):
▪ Links between lower dementia risk and vaccines for hepatitis A, typhoid, diphtheria
✅ Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease study found:
▪ 30% lower risk with diphtheria vaccine
▪ 27% with pneumococcal vaccine
▪ 25% with shingles vaccine
📍 Significance in Public Health
✅ Evidence supports broad health benefits of vaccines beyond primary disease prevention
#security
📍 Shingles and Its Causes
✅ Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (same as chickenpox)
✅ Leads to painful rashes and complications like vision loss, paralysis, and brain inflammation
📍 Shingles Vaccine and Cardiovascular Benefits
✅ A South Korean study (European Heart Journal) found vaccinated individuals had:
▪ 26% lower risk of major cardiovascular events
▪ 24% lower risk of stroke
▪ 22% lower risk of heart attack and clotting disorders
✅ Benefits more pronounced in men under 60 and those with unhealthy lifestyles
📍 Link Between Shingles Vaccine and Lower Dementia Risk
✅ A Welsh study found a 3.5 percentage point reduction in dementia diagnoses over 7 years
▪ Equals a 20% lower risk compared to unvaccinated
✅ Vaccine may prevent virus reactivation, reducing neurological damage and cognitive decline
📍 Support from Other Studies
✅ 2023 Oxford study (Shingrix): 17% reduction in dementia diagnoses in 6 years
✅ Study in Alzheimer’s & Dementia (130 million people):
▪ Links between lower dementia risk and vaccines for hepatitis A, typhoid, diphtheria
✅ Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease study found:
▪ 30% lower risk with diphtheria vaccine
▪ 27% with pneumococcal vaccine
▪ 25% with shingles vaccine
📍 Significance in Public Health
✅ Evidence supports broad health benefits of vaccines beyond primary disease prevention
#security
🔆 Glaciers and Their Associated Rivers
1. Batura – Hunza
2. Hispar – Hispar
3. Biafo – Braldu
4. Kedar Bamak – Mandakini
5. Godwin Austen – Tributary of Baltoro Glacier
6. Siachen – Nubra
7. Baltoro – Braldu
8. Bandarpunch – Hanuman Ganga
9. Gangotri – Bhagirathi
10. Yamunotri – Yamuna
11. Satopanth – Alaknanda
12. Milam – Saryu
13. Pindari – Pindar (tributary of Alaknanda)
14. Zemu – Lanchen (tributary of Teesta)
15. Kunchenjunga – Kanchen (very small river)
1. Batura – Hunza
2. Hispar – Hispar
3. Biafo – Braldu
4. Kedar Bamak – Mandakini
5. Godwin Austen – Tributary of Baltoro Glacier
6. Siachen – Nubra
7. Baltoro – Braldu
8. Bandarpunch – Hanuman Ganga
9. Gangotri – Bhagirathi
10. Yamunotri – Yamuna
11. Satopanth – Alaknanda
12. Milam – Saryu
13. Pindari – Pindar (tributary of Alaknanda)
14. Zemu – Lanchen (tributary of Teesta)
15. Kunchenjunga – Kanchen (very small river)