STRATEGY FOR LAST 2 WEEKS
1. Freeze Your Sources - Avoid any new study material at this stage
2. Revision is the key - Give multiple revisions to your existing notes
3. Subject Prioritisation
High Priority:
✓ Economy (Conceptual clarity is the key)
✓ Polity
✓ Geography
✓ Environment
✓ History
4. PYQ Practice - Continue solving previous yr questions daily, if possible in simulated environment
5. Test Strategy - No tests, revise the test already attempted
6. Mindset Management - Stay calm & release exam anxiety.
Trust your preparation & respect your hard work.
You have fought a protracted battle now it’s time to swiftly move towards victory!!
#upscprep #UPSC #prelims
1. Freeze Your Sources - Avoid any new study material at this stage
2. Revision is the key - Give multiple revisions to your existing notes
3. Subject Prioritisation
High Priority:
✓ Economy (Conceptual clarity is the key)
✓ Polity
✓ Geography
✓ Environment
✓ History
4. PYQ Practice - Continue solving previous yr questions daily, if possible in simulated environment
5. Test Strategy - No tests, revise the test already attempted
6. Mindset Management - Stay calm & release exam anxiety.
Trust your preparation & respect your hard work.
You have fought a protracted battle now it’s time to swiftly move towards victory!!
#upscprep #UPSC #prelims
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Get to Know about our Sudarshan Chakra S-400 Defence System.
#operationsindoor #defense #upscprep #prelims
#operationsindoor #defense #upscprep #prelims
Key takeaways on India's National Security Doctrine:
1. Need for a Doctrine: India requires a clear national security doctrine as a flexible guiding framework for evolving threats.
2. Limitations of “No First Use”: The 2003 nuclear policy aligns with ethical values but falls short in addressing terrorism and hybrid warfare.
3. Beyond Operational Readiness: Strong military planning alone is insufficient without a coherent strategic doctrine.
4. Positive Global Influence: A doctrine should promote India’s moral leadership and peaceful influence, not just deterrence.
5. Historical Insights: Incorporate lessons from Krishna, Chanakya, and Ashoka—blending strength with diplomacy and ethics.
6. Two-Front Challenge: A doctrine can better prepare India for threats from both China and Pakistan and regional instability.
7. Updated Deterrence: Shift toward a proactive “Credible Minimum Deterrence” to counter modern threats like cross-border terrorism.
8. Strategic Culture: A doctrine will help institutionalize a strategic mindset combining military, diplomatic, economic, and ideological tools.
1. Need for a Doctrine: India requires a clear national security doctrine as a flexible guiding framework for evolving threats.
2. Limitations of “No First Use”: The 2003 nuclear policy aligns with ethical values but falls short in addressing terrorism and hybrid warfare.
3. Beyond Operational Readiness: Strong military planning alone is insufficient without a coherent strategic doctrine.
4. Positive Global Influence: A doctrine should promote India’s moral leadership and peaceful influence, not just deterrence.
5. Historical Insights: Incorporate lessons from Krishna, Chanakya, and Ashoka—blending strength with diplomacy and ethics.
6. Two-Front Challenge: A doctrine can better prepare India for threats from both China and Pakistan and regional instability.
7. Updated Deterrence: Shift toward a proactive “Credible Minimum Deterrence” to counter modern threats like cross-border terrorism.
8. Strategic Culture: A doctrine will help institutionalize a strategic mindset combining military, diplomatic, economic, and ideological tools.
Nothing will change if you keep replaying a conversation in your mind. You can go over everything and change what you said in your mind, but you can't go back in time to actually have the same conversation again.
This is another way of being lost in mind. And it's the perfect example of having useless thoughts. Sure, it's useful to think about lessons you've learned from certain events, but it's not useful to replay past events in your mind like a broken record.
To avoid wasting your time and energy on useless thoughts, you can observe your mind more
This is another way of being lost in mind. And it's the perfect example of having useless thoughts. Sure, it's useful to think about lessons you've learned from certain events, but it's not useful to replay past events in your mind like a broken record.
To avoid wasting your time and energy on useless thoughts, you can observe your mind more
मन के जीते जीत हे मन के हारे हार
हार गये जो बिन लड़े उनपर हे धिक्कार.
उनपर हे धिक्कार जो देखे ना सपना,
सपनो का अधिकार असल अधिकार हे अपना.
अपनो के खातीर हे करना कुछ आज हमे,
अजर अमर कर देना है स्वराज हमे.
तु माटी का लाल है कोई कंकर या धुल नहीं,
तु समय बदल के रख देगा इतिहास लिखेगा भूल नहीं.
तू भोर का पहला तारा है परिवर्तन का एक नारा है,
यह अंधकार कुछ पल का हे फिर सब कुछ तुम्हारा है.
(Poem from Movie Chhaava)
हार गये जो बिन लड़े उनपर हे धिक्कार.
उनपर हे धिक्कार जो देखे ना सपना,
सपनो का अधिकार असल अधिकार हे अपना.
अपनो के खातीर हे करना कुछ आज हमे,
अजर अमर कर देना है स्वराज हमे.
तु माटी का लाल है कोई कंकर या धुल नहीं,
तु समय बदल के रख देगा इतिहास लिखेगा भूल नहीं.
तू भोर का पहला तारा है परिवर्तन का एक नारा है,
यह अंधकार कुछ पल का हे फिर सब कुछ तुम्हारा है.
(Poem from Movie Chhaava)
#straits
Strait of Malacca
▪️ Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
▪️It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia to the east.
Strait of Malacca
▪️ Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
▪️It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia to the east.
Keep lazer sharp focus on your goals just like our armed forces have 💯
Victory will be yours too
In life and horizons beyond.
India need sharp mind
Brave souls
Ready to serve the nation.
Always remember your Fundamental duties before anything and everything..!!🇮🇳
Jai hind 🇮🇳🧿🔥
Victory will be yours too
In life and horizons beyond.
India need sharp mind
Brave souls
Ready to serve the nation.
Always remember your Fundamental duties before anything and everything..!!🇮🇳
Jai hind 🇮🇳🧿🔥
🔆 SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) Initiative
📍 Overview
✅ Launched in 2018.
✅ Objective: To promote Compressed Biogas (CBG) production and encourage its use as an alternative clean fuel for transportation, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
📍 Key Implementing Agencies
✅ Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs):
* Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
* Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
* Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
📍 Key Features
✅ Target: 5,000 CBG plants by 2025.
✅ Expected production capacity: 15 million metric tonnes per annum (MTPA).
✅ Utilisation of Various Biomass Sources: Agricultural residue (stubble, sugarcane press mud), Municipal Solid Waste, Cattle dung, Sewage sludge, and industrial organic waste.
✅ Private sector participation for establishing CBG plants.
✅ Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for bioenergy projects.
📍 Overview
✅ Launched in 2018.
✅ Objective: To promote Compressed Biogas (CBG) production and encourage its use as an alternative clean fuel for transportation, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
📍 Key Implementing Agencies
✅ Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs):
* Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
* Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
* Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
📍 Key Features
✅ Target: 5,000 CBG plants by 2025.
✅ Expected production capacity: 15 million metric tonnes per annum (MTPA).
✅ Utilisation of Various Biomass Sources: Agricultural residue (stubble, sugarcane press mud), Municipal Solid Waste, Cattle dung, Sewage sludge, and industrial organic waste.
✅ Private sector participation for establishing CBG plants.
✅ Viability Gap Funding (VGF) for bioenergy projects.
🔆Trick to remember the members of OPEC+ members
✅Tricks: AMaR SSB dene MexiKO se Brunei gaya
✅A=Azerbaijan
✅Ma=Malaysia
✅R=Russia
✅S=south sudan
✅S=Sudan
✅B=Bahrain
✅Mexi= Mexico
✅K=Kazakhstan
✅O=Oman
✅And Brunei..
✅Tricks: AMaR SSB dene MexiKO se Brunei gaya
✅A=Azerbaijan
✅Ma=Malaysia
✅R=Russia
✅S=south sudan
✅S=Sudan
✅B=Bahrain
✅Mexi= Mexico
✅K=Kazakhstan
✅O=Oman
✅And Brunei..
🔆 UK Top Court's Ruling on Gender Definition
📍 Issue:
✅ The UK’s highest court decided that only biological women, not trans women, are legally considered women under equality laws.
✅ The ruling was supported by the government but opposed by trans rights activists.
📍 Key Takeaways:
✅ The case was about whether a trans woman with a gender recognition certificate can legally be considered a woman.
✅ This decision could limit trans women’s access to services meant only for women, like hospitals and sports clubs.
✅ It might also discriminate against trans women in jobs and public services.
📍 Impact:
✅ Transgender rights remain a controversial topic, with some arguing that it violates women’s rights, while others say it discriminates against trans people.
✅ This ruling has led to calls for changes in laws about gender recognition.
#society
📍 Issue:
✅ The UK’s highest court decided that only biological women, not trans women, are legally considered women under equality laws.
✅ The ruling was supported by the government but opposed by trans rights activists.
📍 Key Takeaways:
✅ The case was about whether a trans woman with a gender recognition certificate can legally be considered a woman.
✅ This decision could limit trans women’s access to services meant only for women, like hospitals and sports clubs.
✅ It might also discriminate against trans women in jobs and public services.
📍 Impact:
✅ Transgender rights remain a controversial topic, with some arguing that it violates women’s rights, while others say it discriminates against trans people.
✅ This ruling has led to calls for changes in laws about gender recognition.
#society
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Putting in hours but nothing sticks?
Tired of rereading the same topic again and again with zero retention?⁉️
Frustrated?😮💨 Drained?😭 Confused?😵💫
You’re not alone!
Here’s the truth: It’s not about how many times you study, but how you study.✅️
Smart strategies > endless repetition.
Want to stop feeling stuck in a never-ending study loop?
Let’s break the cycle.
Learn the secret to memory, recall & retention.💯
Because studying smarter beats studying longer!🎯
#upscaspirants #study #smartgoals #mentorshipmatters #ias #memoryhacks #focus #learning
Tired of rereading the same topic again and again with zero retention?⁉️
Frustrated?😮💨 Drained?😭 Confused?😵💫
You’re not alone!
Here’s the truth: It’s not about how many times you study, but how you study.✅️
Smart strategies > endless repetition.
Want to stop feeling stuck in a never-ending study loop?
Let’s break the cycle.
Learn the secret to memory, recall & retention.💯
Because studying smarter beats studying longer!🎯
#upscaspirants #study #smartgoals #mentorshipmatters #ias #memoryhacks #focus #learning
🔆 Buddhist Sangha (Monastic Order)
📍 Community Structure
✅ Organized group of monks (bhikkhus) & nuns (bhikkhunis)
📍 Notable Figure
✅ Mahapajapati Gotami – First woman to join the Sangha
📍 Textual Source
✅ Vinaya Pitaka – Contains monastic rules
📍 Community Structure
✅ Organized group of monks (bhikkhus) & nuns (bhikkhunis)
📍 Notable Figure
✅ Mahapajapati Gotami – First woman to join the Sangha
📍 Textual Source
✅ Vinaya Pitaka – Contains monastic rules
🔆 Harappan Sites and Their Significance
📍 Alamgirpur
✅ Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
✅ Significance: Easternmost Harappan site.
📍 Allahdino
✅ Location: Pakistan
✅ Significance: Specialized craft production site.
📍 Amri
✅ Location: Sindh, Pakistan
✅ Significance: Early Harappan phase site, distinct pottery.
📍 Balakot
✅ Location: Pakistan
✅ Significance: Shell bangle production center.
📍 Banawali
✅ Location: Haryana, India
✅ Significance: Defensive fortifications, oval-shaped settlement.
📍 Bhirrana
✅ Location: Haryana, India
✅ Significance: Oldest Harappan site (\~7570 BCE), early settlements.
📍 Chanhudaro
✅ Location: Sindh, Pakistan
✅ Significance: Bead-making factory, no citadel.
📍 Daimabad
✅ Location: Maharashtra, India
✅ Significance: Southernmost Harappan site, bronze artifacts.
📍 Desalpur
✅ Location: Gujarat, India
✅ Significance: Stone fortifications, small settlement.
📍 Dholavira
✅ Location: Gujarat, India
✅ Significance: Water conservation system, three-part city, stone inscriptions.
📍 Alamgirpur
✅ Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
✅ Significance: Easternmost Harappan site.
📍 Allahdino
✅ Location: Pakistan
✅ Significance: Specialized craft production site.
📍 Amri
✅ Location: Sindh, Pakistan
✅ Significance: Early Harappan phase site, distinct pottery.
📍 Balakot
✅ Location: Pakistan
✅ Significance: Shell bangle production center.
📍 Banawali
✅ Location: Haryana, India
✅ Significance: Defensive fortifications, oval-shaped settlement.
📍 Bhirrana
✅ Location: Haryana, India
✅ Significance: Oldest Harappan site (\~7570 BCE), early settlements.
📍 Chanhudaro
✅ Location: Sindh, Pakistan
✅ Significance: Bead-making factory, no citadel.
📍 Daimabad
✅ Location: Maharashtra, India
✅ Significance: Southernmost Harappan site, bronze artifacts.
📍 Desalpur
✅ Location: Gujarat, India
✅ Significance: Stone fortifications, small settlement.
📍 Dholavira
✅ Location: Gujarat, India
✅ Significance: Water conservation system, three-part city, stone inscriptions.
🔆 Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs)
📍 Definition:
✅ Chlorine, bromine, CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, halons, etc.
📍 Potential Drivers of Ozone Hole over Antarctica:
1. Changes in Antarctic polar vortex
2. Changes in solar cycle
3. Increased atmospheric abundance of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
📍 Polar Vortex
✅ Stratospheric wind patterns with vast low-pressure areas and very cold air, more pronounced over the South Poles.
✅ Leads to formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs).
📍 Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Ozone Layer:
✅ Triggers massive stratospheric water vapor plume.
✅ Injects large quantities of sulphur dioxide (facilitates chemical conversion of chlorine making it more reactive).
✅ Contributes atmospheric bromine and hydrogen chloride.
✅ Eruption particles provide surfaces for chemical reactions for ODSs.
📍 PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds):
✅ Also known as nacreous clouds or mother of pearl.
✅ Formed below -78°C and trap outgoing longwave radiation.
📍 Location:
✅ Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, a submarine volcano in the Tongan archipelago located in the Southern Pacific Ocean, erupted in January 2022.
📍 Ozone Layer Depletion Process (Infographic):
✅ 1st step: UV rays split chlorine atom from CFC molecule.
✅ 2nd step: Chlorine atom breaks up ozone molecule.
✅ 3rd step: The chlorine molecule left behind creates chlorine monoxide and oxygen (O2).
#environment
📍 Definition:
✅ Chlorine, bromine, CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, halons, etc.
📍 Potential Drivers of Ozone Hole over Antarctica:
1. Changes in Antarctic polar vortex
2. Changes in solar cycle
3. Increased atmospheric abundance of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
📍 Polar Vortex
✅ Stratospheric wind patterns with vast low-pressure areas and very cold air, more pronounced over the South Poles.
✅ Leads to formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs).
📍 Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Ozone Layer:
✅ Triggers massive stratospheric water vapor plume.
✅ Injects large quantities of sulphur dioxide (facilitates chemical conversion of chlorine making it more reactive).
✅ Contributes atmospheric bromine and hydrogen chloride.
✅ Eruption particles provide surfaces for chemical reactions for ODSs.
📍 PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds):
✅ Also known as nacreous clouds or mother of pearl.
✅ Formed below -78°C and trap outgoing longwave radiation.
📍 Location:
✅ Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, a submarine volcano in the Tongan archipelago located in the Southern Pacific Ocean, erupted in January 2022.
📍 Ozone Layer Depletion Process (Infographic):
✅ 1st step: UV rays split chlorine atom from CFC molecule.
✅ 2nd step: Chlorine atom breaks up ozone molecule.
✅ 3rd step: The chlorine molecule left behind creates chlorine monoxide and oxygen (O2).
#environment