*🛡️Ramganga*
♟️Rises in Garhwal district of UK.
♟️River deflects to the South west by shiwaliks.
♟️Emerge in Ganga plain in Najibabad.
♟️The Khoh, the Gangan, the Aril, the Kosi, and the Deoha (Gorra) are important tributaries of Ramganga.
♟️Joins River Ganga in Hardoi district opposite of Kannauj.
♟️Rises in Garhwal district of UK.
♟️River deflects to the South west by shiwaliks.
♟️Emerge in Ganga plain in Najibabad.
♟️The Khoh, the Gangan, the Aril, the Kosi, and the Deoha (Gorra) are important tributaries of Ramganga.
♟️Joins River Ganga in Hardoi district opposite of Kannauj.
*🛡️Enforcement Directorate (ED)*
♟️It is a multi-disciplinary organization mandated with the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.
♟️It was established in 1956 as an ‘Enforcement Unit’ under the Department of Economic Affairs. Later, in 1957, this unit was renamed the ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
♟️It is under the administrative control of the Department of Revenue (under the Ministry of Finance) for operational purposes.
♟️ED is responsible for enforcement of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), and Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
♟️ED has the power to attach the assets of the culprits found guilty of the violation of FEMA.
♟️It has also been empowered to undertake, search, seizure, arrest, prosecution action, and survey, etc. against the offences committed under PMLA.
♟️Appointment of Director of ED: The ED Director is appointed by the central government on the recommendation of a committee: chaired by the Central Vigilance Commissioner and members comprising of Vigilance Commissioners, Home Secretary, Secretary DOPT and Revenue Secretary.
♟️It is a multi-disciplinary organization mandated with the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.
♟️It was established in 1956 as an ‘Enforcement Unit’ under the Department of Economic Affairs. Later, in 1957, this unit was renamed the ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
♟️It is under the administrative control of the Department of Revenue (under the Ministry of Finance) for operational purposes.
♟️ED is responsible for enforcement of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), and Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
♟️ED has the power to attach the assets of the culprits found guilty of the violation of FEMA.
♟️It has also been empowered to undertake, search, seizure, arrest, prosecution action, and survey, etc. against the offences committed under PMLA.
♟️Appointment of Director of ED: The ED Director is appointed by the central government on the recommendation of a committee: chaired by the Central Vigilance Commissioner and members comprising of Vigilance Commissioners, Home Secretary, Secretary DOPT and Revenue Secretary.
*💎Important terms related To Jainism*
*🎯ASRAV* - Inflow of karmas to the soul that occurs at every second in life.
*🎯SAMVARA* - Stoppage of the influx of the material karmas into the soul consciousness.
*🎯NIRJARA* - Shedding or removal of accumulated karmas from the atma (soul), essential for breaking free from samsara, the cycle of birth-death and rebirth, by achieving moksha, liberation. It is one of the seven fundamental principles, or Tattva in Jain philosophy.
*🎯SALLEKHANA* - It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food
and liquids. Also Called Santhara.
*🎯KAIVALYA,* also known as Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.
*🎯ASRAV* - Inflow of karmas to the soul that occurs at every second in life.
*🎯SAMVARA* - Stoppage of the influx of the material karmas into the soul consciousness.
*🎯NIRJARA* - Shedding or removal of accumulated karmas from the atma (soul), essential for breaking free from samsara, the cycle of birth-death and rebirth, by achieving moksha, liberation. It is one of the seven fundamental principles, or Tattva in Jain philosophy.
*🎯SALLEKHANA* - It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food
and liquids. Also Called Santhara.
*🎯KAIVALYA,* also known as Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.
*🛡️Hills from South to North*
*💎Trick:- CAN She go to JaPaN to Meet God.*
♟️C: Cardimom
♟️A: Anaimalai
♟️N: Nilgiri
♟️S: Shevroy
♟️J: Javadi
♟️P: Palakonda
♟️N: Nallamalla
♟️M: Mahendragiri
♟️G: Garjhat
*💎Trick:- CAN She go to JaPaN to Meet God.*
♟️C: Cardimom
♟️A: Anaimalai
♟️N: Nilgiri
♟️S: Shevroy
♟️J: Javadi
♟️P: Palakonda
♟️N: Nallamalla
♟️M: Mahendragiri
♟️G: Garjhat
🔆 AUGUST OFFER vs. CRIPPS MISSION
1. Time Period
- August Offer: August 1940
- Cripps Mission: March 1942
2. Viceroy
- Both: Lord Linlithgow
3. Context
- August Offer: Britain needed Indian support in WWII
- Cripps Mission: Japanese threat in Southeast Asia
4. Main Proposals
- August Offer: Dominion status (future), expanded Executive Council, post-war Constituent Assembly
- Cripps Mission: Dominion status with right to secede, Constituent Assembly, provinces could opt out
5. Shortcomings
- August Offer: Vague, no immediate power transfer, British control over defense
- Cripps Mission: No full independence, provinces could secede, British control over defense
6. Political Reactions
- August Offer: Congress rejected; some welcomed future self-rule
- Cripps Mission: Rejected by both Congress and Muslim League
7. Outcome
- August Offer: Rejected; increased demand for independence
- Cripps Mission: Failed; led to Quit India Movement
8. Impact
- August Offer: Strengthened resolve for full independence
- Cripps Mission: Triggered Quit India Movement, exposed British rigidity
1. Time Period
- August Offer: August 1940
- Cripps Mission: March 1942
2. Viceroy
- Both: Lord Linlithgow
3. Context
- August Offer: Britain needed Indian support in WWII
- Cripps Mission: Japanese threat in Southeast Asia
4. Main Proposals
- August Offer: Dominion status (future), expanded Executive Council, post-war Constituent Assembly
- Cripps Mission: Dominion status with right to secede, Constituent Assembly, provinces could opt out
5. Shortcomings
- August Offer: Vague, no immediate power transfer, British control over defense
- Cripps Mission: No full independence, provinces could secede, British control over defense
6. Political Reactions
- August Offer: Congress rejected; some welcomed future self-rule
- Cripps Mission: Rejected by both Congress and Muslim League
7. Outcome
- August Offer: Rejected; increased demand for independence
- Cripps Mission: Failed; led to Quit India Movement
8. Impact
- August Offer: Strengthened resolve for full independence
- Cripps Mission: Triggered Quit India Movement, exposed British rigidity
🔹 Project Nexus 🌍⚡️
By: BIS Innovation Hub 🧠🏦
🎯 Goal: Enable instant cross-border retail payments
🔗 How? Interlink domestic Fast Payment Systems (FPSs)
📡 First BIS payments project close to going LIVE 🟢🚀
🔸 Related Projects 🧩
1️⃣ Project Mariana 🌐💱
🔁 Cross-border CBDC trading & settlement
⚙️ Uses Decentralized Finance (DeFi) for automation
👑 Focus: Central Banks & digital currencies
2️⃣ Operation Twist 🔄📉📈
🎯 Central Bank’s tool to control bond yields & inflation
📉 Sells long-term bonds
📈 Buys short-term bonds
🧰 Used for monetary policy fine-tuning
By: BIS Innovation Hub 🧠🏦
🎯 Goal: Enable instant cross-border retail payments
🔗 How? Interlink domestic Fast Payment Systems (FPSs)
📡 First BIS payments project close to going LIVE 🟢🚀
🔸 Related Projects 🧩
1️⃣ Project Mariana 🌐💱
🔁 Cross-border CBDC trading & settlement
⚙️ Uses Decentralized Finance (DeFi) for automation
👑 Focus: Central Banks & digital currencies
2️⃣ Operation Twist 🔄📉📈
🎯 Central Bank’s tool to control bond yields & inflation
📉 Sells long-term bonds
📈 Buys short-term bonds
🧰 Used for monetary policy fine-tuning