🔆Indian Home Rule Movement
Factors that Contributed to the establishment of Home Rule League:
✅This was the high-time of the First World War.
✅Unification of extremists and moderates
✅Unification of INC and Muslim League.
✅ Tilak’s movement was confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. And Annie Besant
movement spread to other parts of India.
✅The Home Rule league was ‘self-government’ based on the Irish model.
✅Initiate political reforms by pressurizing Government and mobilizing people’s opinion.
Note: demand was not Total Independence
✅Annie Besant tried to mobilize participation through the publication of her two newspapers:
a) New India
b) Commonweal However,
Tilak continued writing in ‘Kesari’, ‘Mahratta’, and Young India to spread the message of the Home Rule League.
The decline of Home Rule League:
✅In 1918, the Home Rule League declined due to many factors.
✅In 1917: Montford reforms was presented before the British Parliament. The Montford reforms promised responsible Government in India.
✅It was the Montford reforms that turned Annie Besant ‘pro-British’.
✅Bal Gangadhar Tilak went to England to file a legal suit against Valentine Chirol. Valentine Chirol had published, a book, “Father of Indian Unrest”
#PYQanalysis
Factors that Contributed to the establishment of Home Rule League:
✅This was the high-time of the First World War.
✅Unification of extremists and moderates
✅Unification of INC and Muslim League.
✅ Tilak’s movement was confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. And Annie Besant
movement spread to other parts of India.
✅The Home Rule league was ‘self-government’ based on the Irish model.
✅Initiate political reforms by pressurizing Government and mobilizing people’s opinion.
Note: demand was not Total Independence
✅Annie Besant tried to mobilize participation through the publication of her two newspapers:
a) New India
b) Commonweal However,
Tilak continued writing in ‘Kesari’, ‘Mahratta’, and Young India to spread the message of the Home Rule League.
The decline of Home Rule League:
✅In 1918, the Home Rule League declined due to many factors.
✅In 1917: Montford reforms was presented before the British Parliament. The Montford reforms promised responsible Government in India.
✅It was the Montford reforms that turned Annie Besant ‘pro-British’.
✅Bal Gangadhar Tilak went to England to file a legal suit against Valentine Chirol. Valentine Chirol had published, a book, “Father of Indian Unrest”
#PYQanalysis
🔆MONTREAL PROTOCOL (MP)
✅Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer.
✅ It is an international treaty that aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out:
✅ Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
✅ Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
✅ Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs),
✅ Carbontetrachloride (CCl4),
✅ Methylbromide (CH3Br),
✅ Bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl),
✅ Methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3),
✅ Halons
#quick_revision
✅Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer.
✅ It is an international treaty that aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out:
✅ Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
✅ Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs),
✅ Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs),
✅ Carbontetrachloride (CCl4),
✅ Methylbromide (CH3Br),
✅ Bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl),
✅ Methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3),
✅ Halons
#quick_revision
https://x.com/dcpcentraldelhi/status/1902699396581462305?s=46
Mental Health is new pandemic, commendable initiative to counter psychological issues.
Mental Health is new pandemic, commendable initiative to counter psychological issues.
Indian Home Rule Movement
Factors Contributing to the Establishment of Home Rule League
1. Timing: During the First World War.
2. Unity: Extremists and moderates united.
3. INC & Muslim League: Both came together.
4. Regional Spread:
Tilak’s League: Maharashtra & Karnataka.
Annie Besant’s League: Other parts of India.
5. Irish Model: Inspired by Ireland’s self-government.
6. Objective: Pressurize the British for political reforms (not total independence).
7. Media Support:
Annie Besant: New India, Commonweal.
Tilak: Kesari, Mahratta, Young India.
Decline of Home Rule League (1918):
1. 1917 Montford Reforms: Promised responsible government.
2. Annie Besant’s Shift: Became pro-British after Montford reforms.
3. Tilak’s Legal Case: Went to England to sue Valentine Chirol (author of Father of Indian Unrest).
Factors Contributing to the Establishment of Home Rule League
1. Timing: During the First World War.
2. Unity: Extremists and moderates united.
3. INC & Muslim League: Both came together.
4. Regional Spread:
Tilak’s League: Maharashtra & Karnataka.
Annie Besant’s League: Other parts of India.
5. Irish Model: Inspired by Ireland’s self-government.
6. Objective: Pressurize the British for political reforms (not total independence).
7. Media Support:
Annie Besant: New India, Commonweal.
Tilak: Kesari, Mahratta, Young India.
Decline of Home Rule League (1918):
1. 1917 Montford Reforms: Promised responsible government.
2. Annie Besant’s Shift: Became pro-British after Montford reforms.
3. Tilak’s Legal Case: Went to England to sue Valentine Chirol (author of Father of Indian Unrest).
maturing is realising you lack focus, not potential you lack consistency, not ability. you lack strategy not resources you lack discipline, not oportunities.
🔥1
📍 Omkareshwar Dam and Tungabhadra Dam
Omkareshwar Dam:
SJVN Green Energy Limited (SGEL) has successfully started a 90 MW Floating Solar Project at Omkareshwar Dam in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. This marks a significant development in clean energy.
📍 Tungabhadra Dam:
Tungabhadra Dam in Karnataka faced a major problem when one of its gates was washed away, causing significant damage to the dam structure. This highlights the importance of dam safety and proper maintenance.
Omkareshwar Dam:
SJVN Green Energy Limited (SGEL) has successfully started a 90 MW Floating Solar Project at Omkareshwar Dam in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. This marks a significant development in clean energy.
📍 Tungabhadra Dam:
Tungabhadra Dam in Karnataka faced a major problem when one of its gates was washed away, causing significant damage to the dam structure. This highlights the importance of dam safety and proper maintenance.
❤1
मन के जीते जीत हे मन के हारे हार
हार गये जो बिन लड़े उनपर हे धिक्कार.
उनपर हे धिक्कार जो देखे ना सपना,
सपनो का अधिकार असल अधिकार हे अपना.
अपनो के खातीर हे करना कुछ आज हमे,
अजर अमर कर देना है स्वराज हमे.
तु माटी का लाल है कोई कंकर या धुल नहीं,
तु समय बदल के रख देगा इतिहास लिखेगा भूल नहीं.
तू भोर का पहला तारा है परिवर्तन का एक नारा है,
यह अंधकार कुछ पल का हे फिर सब कुछ तुम्हारा है.
(Poem from Movie Chhaava)
हार गये जो बिन लड़े उनपर हे धिक्कार.
उनपर हे धिक्कार जो देखे ना सपना,
सपनो का अधिकार असल अधिकार हे अपना.
अपनो के खातीर हे करना कुछ आज हमे,
अजर अमर कर देना है स्वराज हमे.
तु माटी का लाल है कोई कंकर या धुल नहीं,
तु समय बदल के रख देगा इतिहास लिखेगा भूल नहीं.
तू भोर का पहला तारा है परिवर्तन का एक नारा है,
यह अंधकार कुछ पल का हे फिर सब कुछ तुम्हारा है.
(Poem from Movie Chhaava)
❤3
🔆NIDAAN PORTAL : India’s first portal named NIDAAN’ on arrested narco offenders ‘ gets operational.
📍NIDAAN
✅The National Integrated Database on Arrested Narco-offenders portal has been developed by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).
✅It is part of the narcotics coordination mechanism (NCORD) portal that was launched in July 2022 during the national conference on ‘Drug trafficking and national security‘.
✅It sources its data from the ICJS (inter-operable criminal justice system) and the e-Prisons (a cloud-based application) repository and it is planned to integrate it in the future with the crime and criminal tracking network system or CCTNS.
Initiatives :
✅Narco Coordination (NCORD) Portal
✅A task force on Darknet and Crypto-Currency has been set up under the Multi Agency Centre (MAC) mechanism with a focus on monitoring all platforms facilitating Narco-trafficking, sharing of inputs
✅The Govt. has launched MANAS Helpline No. 1933 designed as a unified platform for citizens to report the drug-related issues
📍NIDAAN
✅The National Integrated Database on Arrested Narco-offenders portal has been developed by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).
✅It is part of the narcotics coordination mechanism (NCORD) portal that was launched in July 2022 during the national conference on ‘Drug trafficking and national security‘.
✅It sources its data from the ICJS (inter-operable criminal justice system) and the e-Prisons (a cloud-based application) repository and it is planned to integrate it in the future with the crime and criminal tracking network system or CCTNS.
Initiatives :
✅Narco Coordination (NCORD) Portal
✅A task force on Darknet and Crypto-Currency has been set up under the Multi Agency Centre (MAC) mechanism with a focus on monitoring all platforms facilitating Narco-trafficking, sharing of inputs
✅The Govt. has launched MANAS Helpline No. 1933 designed as a unified platform for citizens to report the drug-related issues
✅ GDP India is the 5th ranked country in the world✅
💙 India has doubled its gross domestic product ( #GDP ) in the last 10 years with a growth of 105%, reaching $4.3 trillion in 2025 from $2.1 trillion in 2015: International Monetary Fund (IMF) data.
💙 With this, India has now become the fifth largest country in the world in terms of GDP after the US, China, Germany and Japan.
💙 India is also on track to soon surpass Japan, as Japan's GDP has not grown at all in the last decade.
💙 In comparison, US GDP grew by 66% and China's GDP by 44% during the same period.
#GDP
💙 India has doubled its gross domestic product ( #GDP ) in the last 10 years with a growth of 105%, reaching $4.3 trillion in 2025 from $2.1 trillion in 2015: International Monetary Fund (IMF) data.
💙 With this, India has now become the fifth largest country in the world in terms of GDP after the US, China, Germany and Japan.
💙 India is also on track to soon surpass Japan, as Japan's GDP has not grown at all in the last decade.
💙 In comparison, US GDP grew by 66% and China's GDP by 44% during the same period.
#GDP
🔆National biopharma Mission and bio-agriculture
✅The National Biopharma Mission (NBM)-Innovate in India (i3), is a government-approved initiative led by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and implemented by BIRAC.
✅It aims to boost India’s capabilities in biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biosimilars, medical devices, and diagnostics by fostering collaboration between industry and academia
#gs3
#prelims
✅The National Biopharma Mission (NBM)-Innovate in India (i3), is a government-approved initiative led by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and implemented by BIRAC.
✅It aims to boost India’s capabilities in biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biosimilars, medical devices, and diagnostics by fostering collaboration between industry and academia
#gs3
#prelims
🔆 Public Distribution System (PDS)
📍 Eligibility
✅ Indian citizens only.
✅ BPL families.
✅ Families without a 15-59 age member.
✅ Families with disabled members (Pradhan Mantri Awas Gramin Yojana).
✅ Casual laborers or those without permanent jobs.
📍 Benefits
✅ BPL: 35 kg rice/wheat per month.
✅ Eligible BPL: 15 kg food grains per month.
✅ APL: Food grains at higher prices.
✅ Migrant workers: Access via ONORC.
📍 History & Overview
✅ Established in WWII as rationing.
✅ Relaunched as TPDS on 01-06-1997 for poverty focus.
📍 Ministry & Oversight
✅ Ministry: Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
✅ FCI: Procurement, storage, transport, bulk allocation.
✅ State Govts: Distribution via Fair Price Shops (FPS).
📍 Eligibility
✅ Indian citizens only.
✅ BPL families.
✅ Families without a 15-59 age member.
✅ Families with disabled members (Pradhan Mantri Awas Gramin Yojana).
✅ Casual laborers or those without permanent jobs.
📍 Benefits
✅ BPL: 35 kg rice/wheat per month.
✅ Eligible BPL: 15 kg food grains per month.
✅ APL: Food grains at higher prices.
✅ Migrant workers: Access via ONORC.
📍 History & Overview
✅ Established in WWII as rationing.
✅ Relaunched as TPDS on 01-06-1997 for poverty focus.
📍 Ministry & Oversight
✅ Ministry: Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
✅ FCI: Procurement, storage, transport, bulk allocation.
✅ State Govts: Distribution via Fair Price Shops (FPS).
🔆 Model Solar Village
📍 About:
✅ Aims to create one Model Solar Village per district across India.
📍 Structural Mandate:
✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
✅ Implementation: State/UT Renewable Energy Development Agency under the supervision of the District Level Committee (DLC).
📍 Aims and Objectives:
✅ Promote the comprehensive solarization of villages to meet their energy needs entirely through solar power, supporting sustainable and self-reliant energy solutions.
📍 Targeted Beneficiaries:
✅ Villages across India.
📍 Funding Mechanism:
✅ Total financial outlay of ₹800 crore allocated, providing ₹1 crore per selected Model Solar Village.
📍 Features:
✅ Implementation under PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
✅ Solarize all households and public areas with lighting, water systems, pumps, and streetlights.
✅ One model solar village per district.
✅ Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of ₹1 crore per village based on a Detailed Project Report (DPR).
✅ Implemented by State Renewable Energy Development Agency (SREDA) or other nominated entities.
✅ Fund disbursement is structured as 40% on award of works, 40% after completion, and 20% after 6 months of operation.
📍 About:
✅ Aims to create one Model Solar Village per district across India.
📍 Structural Mandate:
✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
✅ Implementation: State/UT Renewable Energy Development Agency under the supervision of the District Level Committee (DLC).
📍 Aims and Objectives:
✅ Promote the comprehensive solarization of villages to meet their energy needs entirely through solar power, supporting sustainable and self-reliant energy solutions.
📍 Targeted Beneficiaries:
✅ Villages across India.
📍 Funding Mechanism:
✅ Total financial outlay of ₹800 crore allocated, providing ₹1 crore per selected Model Solar Village.
📍 Features:
✅ Implementation under PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
✅ Solarize all households and public areas with lighting, water systems, pumps, and streetlights.
✅ One model solar village per district.
✅ Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of ₹1 crore per village based on a Detailed Project Report (DPR).
✅ Implemented by State Renewable Energy Development Agency (SREDA) or other nominated entities.
✅ Fund disbursement is structured as 40% on award of works, 40% after completion, and 20% after 6 months of operation.