🔳 Sansad Bhashaani initiative will revolutionise parliamentary documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translation
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
Floating Exchange Rate: Flexibility in Currency Valuation
✅Definition: A system where a currency's value is determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, allowing exchange rates to fluctuate continuously.
✅Characteristics: Not officially pegged or fixed to any other currency or commodity.
✅ Enables currencies to adjust freely to economic conditions, trade imbalances, and market forces.
🔸 Example: Countries like Canada operate under the floating exchange rate system.
Managed Float: Balancing Flexibility with Intervention
✅Definition: Also known as a dirty float, it's a system where a country's central bank or government occasionally intervenes in the foreign exchange market to influence its currency's value.
✅Features: Exchange rate is allowed to float, but authorities may intervene to stabilize or manage its value in response to economic goals or to prevent
excessive volatility.
🔸Example: Countries like India and China adopt a managed float exchange rate system.
#pre_revision
#economy
✅Definition: A system where a currency's value is determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, allowing exchange rates to fluctuate continuously.
✅Characteristics: Not officially pegged or fixed to any other currency or commodity.
✅ Enables currencies to adjust freely to economic conditions, trade imbalances, and market forces.
🔸 Example: Countries like Canada operate under the floating exchange rate system.
Managed Float: Balancing Flexibility with Intervention
✅Definition: Also known as a dirty float, it's a system where a country's central bank or government occasionally intervenes in the foreign exchange market to influence its currency's value.
✅Features: Exchange rate is allowed to float, but authorities may intervene to stabilize or manage its value in response to economic goals or to prevent
excessive volatility.
🔸Example: Countries like India and China adopt a managed float exchange rate system.
#pre_revision
#economy
🔥1
Kilauea Volcano
✅Why in news: Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, started erupting again.
✅Location: Situated on the southeastern part of the Hawaii’s Big Island, as a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
✅Volcano Type: It is an active shield volcano, formed by the eruption of highly fluid lava.
✅Kilauea has covered around 90% of its surface in lava flows within the last 1,000 years.
✅It is an elongated dome built of lava eruptions from the central crater and features long, shallow slopes.
✅It has two rift zones stretching to the east and southwest.
📍Volcanoes in India:
✅Barren Island (Andaman Islands): India's only active volcano.
✅Narcondam (Andaman Islands): Dormant volcano.
✅Baratang (Andaman Islands): Known for mud volcanoes.
✅Deccan Traps (Maharashtra): Vast volcanic plateau formed by ancient eruptions.
✅Dhinodhar Hills (Gujarat): Extinct volcano.
✅Dhosi Hill (Haryana): Ancient volcanic site with historical significance.
#Places_in_news #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims
✅Why in news: Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, started erupting again.
✅Location: Situated on the southeastern part of the Hawaii’s Big Island, as a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
✅Volcano Type: It is an active shield volcano, formed by the eruption of highly fluid lava.
✅Kilauea has covered around 90% of its surface in lava flows within the last 1,000 years.
✅It is an elongated dome built of lava eruptions from the central crater and features long, shallow slopes.
✅It has two rift zones stretching to the east and southwest.
📍Volcanoes in India:
✅Barren Island (Andaman Islands): India's only active volcano.
✅Narcondam (Andaman Islands): Dormant volcano.
✅Baratang (Andaman Islands): Known for mud volcanoes.
✅Deccan Traps (Maharashtra): Vast volcanic plateau formed by ancient eruptions.
✅Dhinodhar Hills (Gujarat): Extinct volcano.
✅Dhosi Hill (Haryana): Ancient volcanic site with historical significance.
#Places_in_news #UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims
❤1
🔆GPS Spoofing:
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims
👍1
Committees on Ragging 🏛
🔹 Raghavan Committee (2007) – Head: R.K. Raghavan (ex-CBI Director).
👉 What it said? Implement strict rules to stop ragging – UGC introduced these rules in 2009.
🔹 Unny Committee (1999) – Head: Prof. K.P.S. Unny (JNU Registrar).
👉 What it said? Focus on student safety, institutional accountability, and a strong complaint system.
How to Stop Ragging? 🚫
✅ Strict Rules – Enforce UGC’s 2009 regulations, take action against colleges that fail to comply.
✅ Awareness – Conduct workshops to educate students on the dangers of ragging.
✅ Complaint System – Set up 24/7 helplines and anonymous complaint boxes.
✅ Monitoring – Install CCTV in hostels and campuses, conduct surprise inspections.
✅ Punishment – Suspend or expel those involved in ragging, file criminal cases if necessary.
✅ Counseling – Provide mental health support and counseling for victims.
✅ Involve Seniors – Make seniors mentors to create a positive and respectful campus culture.
🔹 Raghavan Committee (2007) – Head: R.K. Raghavan (ex-CBI Director).
👉 What it said? Implement strict rules to stop ragging – UGC introduced these rules in 2009.
🔹 Unny Committee (1999) – Head: Prof. K.P.S. Unny (JNU Registrar).
👉 What it said? Focus on student safety, institutional accountability, and a strong complaint system.
How to Stop Ragging? 🚫
✅ Strict Rules – Enforce UGC’s 2009 regulations, take action against colleges that fail to comply.
✅ Awareness – Conduct workshops to educate students on the dangers of ragging.
✅ Complaint System – Set up 24/7 helplines and anonymous complaint boxes.
✅ Monitoring – Install CCTV in hostels and campuses, conduct surprise inspections.
✅ Punishment – Suspend or expel those involved in ragging, file criminal cases if necessary.
✅ Counseling – Provide mental health support and counseling for victims.
✅ Involve Seniors – Make seniors mentors to create a positive and respectful campus culture.
❤1
Don't think about regret and anxiety. Seek action courageously.
💪Confidence comes from preparation, which is nothing but planning and practicing.
🏆Winners put pressure on themselves.
That is the pressure of preparing and not worrying about winning.
🥊A complete mental and physical preparation is the result of sacrifice and self-discipline.
🥋It is easy to be average but tough to be the best.
No wonder the average people choose the easy way.
⛳Preparation is the necessary edge to succeed in any field.
🏈Preparation = Purpose + Principle + Planning + Practice + Persistence + Patience + Price ❤️
💪Confidence comes from preparation, which is nothing but planning and practicing.
🏆Winners put pressure on themselves.
That is the pressure of preparing and not worrying about winning.
🥊A complete mental and physical preparation is the result of sacrifice and self-discipline.
🥋It is easy to be average but tough to be the best.
No wonder the average people choose the easy way.
⛳Preparation is the necessary edge to succeed in any field.
🏈Preparation = Purpose + Principle + Planning + Practice + Persistence + Patience + Price ❤️
❤1
National Party Status (India)
Current National Parties (6):
1. BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party)
2. INC (Indian National Congress)
3. BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party)
4. CPI(M) (Communist Party of India - Marxist)
5. NPP (National People’s Party)
6. AAP (Aam Aadmi Party)
Criteria for National Party Status:
1. Vote Share & LS/State Seats: 6% of votes in 4+ states (Lok Sabha or Assembly elections) + 4 Lok Sabha MPs.
2. Lok Sabha Seats: At least 2% of LS seats (minimum 11 MPs) from 3+ states.
3. State Party Status: Recognized as a state party in 4+ states.
Benefits of National Party Status:
1. Symbol: Exclusive use of the reserved election symbol across India.
2. Nominations: Only 1 proposer required for candidate nominations.
3. Media Access: Free broadcasting on Akashvani/Doordarshan during elections.
4. Star Campaigners: Allowed 40-star campaigners (vs. 20 for others).
Current National Parties (6):
1. BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party)
2. INC (Indian National Congress)
3. BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party)
4. CPI(M) (Communist Party of India - Marxist)
5. NPP (National People’s Party)
6. AAP (Aam Aadmi Party)
Criteria for National Party Status:
1. Vote Share & LS/State Seats: 6% of votes in 4+ states (Lok Sabha or Assembly elections) + 4 Lok Sabha MPs.
2. Lok Sabha Seats: At least 2% of LS seats (minimum 11 MPs) from 3+ states.
3. State Party Status: Recognized as a state party in 4+ states.
Benefits of National Party Status:
1. Symbol: Exclusive use of the reserved election symbol across India.
2. Nominations: Only 1 proposer required for candidate nominations.
3. Media Access: Free broadcasting on Akashvani/Doordarshan during elections.
4. Star Campaigners: Allowed 40-star campaigners (vs. 20 for others).
👍1
🔆Indian Home Rule Movement
Factors that Contributed to the establishment of Home Rule League:
✅This was the high-time of the First World War.
✅Unification of extremists and moderates
✅Unification of INC and Muslim League.
✅ Tilak’s movement was confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. And Annie Besant
movement spread to other parts of India.
✅The Home Rule league was ‘self-government’ based on the Irish model.
✅Initiate political reforms by pressurizing Government and mobilizing people’s opinion.
Note: demand was not Total Independence
✅Annie Besant tried to mobilize participation through the publication of her two newspapers:
a) New India
b) Commonweal However,
Tilak continued writing in ‘Kesari’, ‘Mahratta’, and Young India to spread the message of the Home Rule League.
The decline of Home Rule League:
✅In 1918, the Home Rule League declined due to many factors.
✅In 1917: Montford reforms was presented before the British Parliament. The Montford reforms promised responsible Government in India.
✅It was the Montford reforms that turned Annie Besant ‘pro-British’.
✅Bal Gangadhar Tilak went to England to file a legal suit against Valentine Chirol. Valentine Chirol had published, a book, “Father of Indian Unrest”
#PYQanalysis
Factors that Contributed to the establishment of Home Rule League:
✅This was the high-time of the First World War.
✅Unification of extremists and moderates
✅Unification of INC and Muslim League.
✅ Tilak’s movement was confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. And Annie Besant
movement spread to other parts of India.
✅The Home Rule league was ‘self-government’ based on the Irish model.
✅Initiate political reforms by pressurizing Government and mobilizing people’s opinion.
Note: demand was not Total Independence
✅Annie Besant tried to mobilize participation through the publication of her two newspapers:
a) New India
b) Commonweal However,
Tilak continued writing in ‘Kesari’, ‘Mahratta’, and Young India to spread the message of the Home Rule League.
The decline of Home Rule League:
✅In 1918, the Home Rule League declined due to many factors.
✅In 1917: Montford reforms was presented before the British Parliament. The Montford reforms promised responsible Government in India.
✅It was the Montford reforms that turned Annie Besant ‘pro-British’.
✅Bal Gangadhar Tilak went to England to file a legal suit against Valentine Chirol. Valentine Chirol had published, a book, “Father of Indian Unrest”
#PYQanalysis