Panipat Wars

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1. First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE)
- Combatants: Mughal Empire vs. Sultanate of Delhi
- Key Figures: Babur vs. Ibrahim Lodi
- Outcome: Victory for Babur
- Significance: Established Mughal rule in India.

2. Second Battle of Panipat (1556 CE)
- Combatants: Mughal Empire vs. Suri Empire
- Key Figures: Akbar vs. Hemu
- Outcome: Victory for Akbar
- Significance: Restored Mughal control after the Suri Empire.
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3. Third Battle of Panipat (1761 CE)
- Combatants: Maratha Empire vs. Durrani Empire
- Key Figures: Sadashiv Ballal vs. Ahmad Shah Abdali
- Outcome: Victory for Ahmad Shah Abdali
- Significance: Weakened the Maratha Empire, leading to a power vacuum.

The Four Buddhist Councils

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1. First Buddhist Council
- Year: c. 543 BCE
- Place: Rajagriha, India
- Presided by: Mahakasyapa
- King Patronage: Ajatashatru

2. Second Buddhist Council
- Year: c. 383 BCE
- Place: Vesali, India
- Presided by: Sabbakami
- King Patronage: Kalasoka

3. Third Buddhist Council
- Year: c. 250 BCE
- Place: Pataliputra, India
- Presided by: Moggaliputta Tissa
- King Patronage: Emperor Ashoka
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4. Fourth Buddhist Council
- Year: 100 CE (Mahayana tradition)
- Place: Kundalavana (Mahayana), India
- Presided by: Vasumitra (Mahayana)
- King Patronage: Kanishka the Great (Mahayana)

Tungabhadra River

➕ Location: Flows through Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.It  is major tributary of the Krishna River.

➕ Origin: Formed by the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra rivers, originating in the Western Ghats.

➕ Length: Approximately 531 kilometers.

➕ Historical Name: Tungabhadra River was previously known as the Varada River.

➕Cultural Significance:
  - Virupaksha Temple: The famous Virupaksha Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in Hampi.
  - Vijayanagara Empire: Closely associated with the Vijayanagara Empire, with Hampi located on its banks.

➕ Infrastructure:
  - Tungabhadra Dam: Commonly known as Pampa Sagar, this multifunctional dam is located near Hosapete, Ballari district, Karnataka. It was erected by Thirumalai Iyengar in 1953. The dam plays a crucial role in irrigation, water storage, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation.

Army Exercises:

1. Yudh Abhyas - United States
2. Sampriti - Bangladesh
3. Indra - Russia
4. Mitra Shakti - Sri Lanka
5. Vajra Prahar - United States
6. Shakti - France
7. Ekuverin - Maldives
8. Hand-in-Hand - China
9. Nomadic Elephant - Mongolia
10. Al Nagah - Oman
11. Garuda Shakti - Indonesia
12. Harimau Shakti - Malaysia
13. Surya Kiran - Nepal
14. Ajeya Warrior - United Kingdom
15. Khanjar - Kyrgyzstan
16. Lamitye - Seychelles
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Naval Exercises:

1. Malabar - United States, Japan, Australia
2. SIMBEX - Singapore
3. Varuna - France
4. Konkan - United Kingdom
5. Indra Navy - Russia
6. Milan - Multilateral Exercise (includes various countries)
7. SLINEX - Sri Lanka
8. JIMEX - Japan
9. AUSINDEX - Australia
10. IBSAMAR - South Africa and Brazil
11. CORPAT - Indonesia
12. SIMBEX - Singapore
13. IMCOR - Myanmar
14. Paschim Lehar - Internal Exercise
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Air Force Exercises:

1. Cope India - United States
2. Garuda - France
3. Indradhanush - United Kingdom
4. Aviaindra - Russia
5. Desert Eagle - United Arab Emirates
6. Eastern Bridge - Oman
7. Ex Pitch Black - Australia

Tri-Service Exercises:

1. Indra - Russia
2. Exercise Tiger Triumph - United States
3. PANEX-21 - BIMSTEC Countries

20 August 2024 Current Affairs

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1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi to embark on a three-day visit to Poland and Ukraine from Wednesday.
2. Government gives nod to enhance security deployment at all Central government hospitals by 25 per cent; A committee headed by DG Health Services to look into aspects of hospital security and facilities.
3. Prime Minister Narendra Modi to hold talks with his Malaysian counterpart Anwar Ibrahim in New Delhi today; Two countries to sign a number of agreements following the talks.
4. India and Japan to hold 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue in New Delhi this evening.
5. Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacts with Indian contingent for Paris Paralympics beginning 28th of this month.
6. Notification for first phase of Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir to be issued today.

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ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ బుధవారం నుంచి పోలాండ్, ఉక్రెయిన్‌లలో మూడు రోజుల పర్యటనకు బయలుదేరుతారు.
2. అన్ని కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వ ఆసుపత్రుల వద్ద భద్రతా విస్తరణను 25 శాతం పెంచడానికి ప్రభుత్వం ఆమోదం తెలిపింది; DG హెల్త్ సర్వీసెస్ నేతృత్వంలోని కమిటీ ఆసుపత్రి భద్రత మరియు సౌకర్యాల అంశాలను పరిశిలిస్తుంది.
3. ఈరోజు న్యూఢిల్లీలో తన మలేషియా కౌంటర్ అన్వర్ ఇబ్రహీంతో చర్చలు జరపనున్న ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ; చర్చల అనంతరం పలు ఒప్పందాలపై రెండు దేశాలు సంతకాలు చేయనున్నాయి.
4. భారతదేశం మరియు జపాన్ మధ్య ఈ సాయంత్రం న్యూఢిల్లీలో 2+2 మంత్రివర్గ చర్చలు జరగనున్నాయి.
5. ఈ నెల 28న ప్రారంభమయ్యే పారిస్ పారాలింపిక్స్ కోసం భారత బృందంతో ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ సంభాషించారు.
6. జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్‌లో తొలి దశ అసెంబ్లీ ఎన్నికలకు ఈరోజు నోటిఫికేషన్ విడుదల కానుంది.

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#DCA

Bharat Bill Payment System

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- Initiated by: RBI
- Managed by: NPCI
- Purpose: To create a one-stop payment platform for all types of bills, ensuring interoperability and accessibility.
- Features: Certainty, reliability, and safety of transactions with instant payment confirmation.

- Participants:
● Banks and Non-Banks: Involved in the bill aggregation business
● Billers: Service providers
● Payment Service Providers: Facilitators of the payment process
● Retail Bill Outlets: Physical locations for bill payments
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- Benefits :
● Unified Platform: By aggregating various providers.
● Flexibility: Offers multiple payment methods.
● Real-Time Confirmation: Ensures that payments are confirmed instantly, enhancing user confidence.
● Expanded Reach: Facilitates bill payments across diverse geographic locations and service categories.

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