Union Executive
Location – Part V of the Constitution (Articles 52–78).
Components – President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Attorney General of India.
🔹 President of India
- Article 52 → Office of President.
- Head of State; constitutional head, real powers lie with Council of Ministers.
- Election → Indirect, by Electoral College (Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Assemblies).
- Tenure → 5 years; eligible for re‑election.
- Powers → Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Emergency, Diplomatic.
- Impeachment → For violation of Constitution (Article 61).
🔹 Vice President of India
- Article 63 → Office of Vice President.
- Ex‑officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
- Election → By members of both Houses of Parliament.
- Tenure → 5 years.
- Acts as President in absence until new President is elected.
🔹 Prime Minister & Council of Ministers
- Article 74 → Council of Ministers headed by PM aids & advises President.
- Prime Minister → Real executive authority; leader of Lok Sabha; head of government.
- Council of Ministers → Responsible to Lok Sabha; collectively accountable.
- Types of Ministers → Cabinet, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers.
🔹 Attorney General of India
- Article 76 → Highest law officer of India.
- Appointed by President; must be qualified to be a Supreme Court judge.
- Functions → Advises Union Government on legal matters; represents in Supreme Court.
#Indian_Polity
join : @tgpscnotes
Location – Part V of the Constitution (Articles 52–78).
Components – President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Attorney General of India.
🔹 President of India
- Article 52 → Office of President.
- Head of State; constitutional head, real powers lie with Council of Ministers.
- Election → Indirect, by Electoral College (Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Assemblies).
- Tenure → 5 years; eligible for re‑election.
- Powers → Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Emergency, Diplomatic.
- Impeachment → For violation of Constitution (Article 61).
🔹 Vice President of India
- Article 63 → Office of Vice President.
- Ex‑officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
- Election → By members of both Houses of Parliament.
- Tenure → 5 years.
- Acts as President in absence until new President is elected.
🔹 Prime Minister & Council of Ministers
- Article 74 → Council of Ministers headed by PM aids & advises President.
- Prime Minister → Real executive authority; leader of Lok Sabha; head of government.
- Council of Ministers → Responsible to Lok Sabha; collectively accountable.
- Types of Ministers → Cabinet, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers.
🔹 Attorney General of India
- Article 76 → Highest law officer of India.
- Appointed by President; must be qualified to be a Supreme Court judge.
- Functions → Advises Union Government on legal matters; represents in Supreme Court.
#Indian_Polity
join : @tgpscnotes
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Monetary Policy & Inflation
🔹 What is Monetary Policy?
- Monetary policy refers to the RBI’s regulation of money supply and interest rates to maintain economic stability.
- Objectives: control inflation, stabilize currency, promote growth, and ensure financial stability.
- Framework: Flexible Inflation Targeting under the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).
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🔹 Tools of Monetary Policy
- Quantitative Tools → Affect overall money supply.
- Repo rate, reverse repo rate, cash reserve ratio (CRR), statutory liquidity ratio (SLR), open market operations.
- Qualitative Tools → Target specific sectors.
- Credit rationing, margin requirements, directives to banks.
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🔹 Inflation in India
- Definition: Sustained rise in general price level.
- Measurement:
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) → headline inflation.
- Wholesale Price Index (WPI).
- Types:
- Demand‑pull inflation → excess demand.
- Cost‑push inflation → rising input costs.
- Imported inflation → global commodity prices.
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🔹 Current Context (2026–27)
- CPI inflation averaging around 4.8%, within RBI’s target band (4% ± 2%).
- Food inflation remains volatile due to climate shocks and supply chain issues.
- RBI repo rate at 6.25% to balance growth and inflation.
- Global factors: oil price fluctuations, US Fed policy, and geopolitical tensions influencing inflation.
- RBI focusing on digital rupee rollout and regulating fintech lending.
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🔹 Significance
- Monetary policy ensures price stability and economic growth.
- Inflation control protects purchasing power and investor confidence.
#Economy@tgpscnotes
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