What is the primary goal of the Proba-3 Mission?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
To demonstrate high-precision formation flying in space
30%
To deploy a constellation of communication satellites
25%
To study Mars' atmospheric composition
20%
To develop autonomous deep-space exploration vehicles
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GS4 2013-2024.pdf
63.3 MB
UPSC CSE MAINS OFFICIAL PYQs
2013-2024
2013-2024
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Forwarded from TGPSC G1 Mains Notes
వృద్ధి రేటును కాపాడుకోవడమెలా?
https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/vyakyanam/rbi-may-do-modest-interest-rate-easing/1301/124232487
https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/vyakyanam/rbi-may-do-modest-interest-rate-easing/1301/124232487
EENADU
RBI: వృద్ధి రేటును కాపాడుకోవడమెలా?
రానున్న రోజుల్లో రిటైల్ ద్రవ్యోల్బణం ప్రస్తుతస్థాయి (నవంబర్ నాటికి 5.5శాతం) నుంచి మరింత తగ్గవచ్చు. ఈ నేపథ్యంలో ఆర్బీఐ వృద్ధికి ప్రాధాన్యమిస్తూ కీలక వడ్డీ రేట్ల తగ్గింపునకు ముందుకు రావొచ్చు.
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PIB2088406.pdf
79.6 KB
Year-end Review 2024: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
✅ India achieved Milestone of Planting 102 Crore Trees Under 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' Campaign, aiming for 140 Crore by March 2025
✅Ministry notified the Eco-mark Rules on 26th September, 2024
✅National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) hit Milestones: 40% PM Reduction in 23 Cities, ₹11,200 Crore fund allocated for Pollution Control; PRANA Portal launched for Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring.
✅ India achieved Milestone of Planting 102 Crore Trees Under 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' Campaign, aiming for 140 Crore by March 2025
✅Ministry notified the Eco-mark Rules on 26th September, 2024
✅National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) hit Milestones: 40% PM Reduction in 23 Cities, ₹11,200 Crore fund allocated for Pollution Control; PRANA Portal launched for Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring.
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A list of significant temples in India up to 1850:
North India
Uttar Pradesh
1. Deogarh Dashavatara Temple
- Built in: Early 6th century CE
- Dynasty: Gupta
- Architectural style: Early Nagara
- Significance: One of the earliest known Hindu temples still standing in North India
2. Khajuraho Group of Monuments
- Built between: 950-1050 CE
- Dynasty: Chandela
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for intricate sculptures
3. Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi
- Current structure built in: 1780 CE
- Patron: Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: One of the 12 Jyotirlingas
Madhya Pradesh
4. Sanchi Stupa
- Built in: 3rd century BCE, expanded until 12th century CE
- Patrons: Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, and Gupta dynasties
- Architectural style: Buddhist
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, oldest stone structure in India
Uttarakhand
5. Badrinath Temple
- Established in: 8th century CE
- Renovated by: Adi Shankaracharya
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: One of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites
West India
Gujarat
6. Somnath Temple
- Original construction: Early centuries CE, rebuilt multiple times
- Current structure: 1951 (beyond our cutoff, but historically significant)
- Architectural style: Chalukya
- Significance: One of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines
7. Sun Temple, Modhera
- Built in: 1026-1027 CE
- Dynasty: Solanki
- Architectural style: Maru-Gurjara
- Significance: Dedicated to the Sun God, known for its stepped tank (surya kund)
Maharashtra
8. Ellora Caves
- Built between: 6th to 10th century CE
- Dynasties: Rashtrakuta (Hindu and Buddhist caves), Yadava (Jain caves)
- Architectural style: Rock-cut architecture
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing religious harmony
9. Kailasa Temple, Ellora
- Built in: 8th century CE
- Dynasty: Rashtrakuta
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Largest monolithic rock-cut temple in the world
East India
Odisha
10. Jagannath Temple, Puri
- Built in: 12th century CE
- Dynasty: Eastern Ganga
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: One of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites
11. Konark Sun Temple
- Built in: 13th century CE
- Dynasty: Eastern Ganga
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its massive chariot-shaped structure
12. Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar
- Built in: 11th century CE
- Dynasty: Somavamsi
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: Largest temple in Bhubaneswar
Bihar
13. Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya
- Original structure: 3rd century BCE
- Rebuilt: 5th-6th century CE
- Architectural style: Buddhist
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, marks the site of Buddha's enlightenment
North India
Uttar Pradesh
1. Deogarh Dashavatara Temple
- Built in: Early 6th century CE
- Dynasty: Gupta
- Architectural style: Early Nagara
- Significance: One of the earliest known Hindu temples still standing in North India
2. Khajuraho Group of Monuments
- Built between: 950-1050 CE
- Dynasty: Chandela
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for intricate sculptures
3. Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi
- Current structure built in: 1780 CE
- Patron: Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: One of the 12 Jyotirlingas
Madhya Pradesh
4. Sanchi Stupa
- Built in: 3rd century BCE, expanded until 12th century CE
- Patrons: Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, and Gupta dynasties
- Architectural style: Buddhist
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, oldest stone structure in India
Uttarakhand
5. Badrinath Temple
- Established in: 8th century CE
- Renovated by: Adi Shankaracharya
- Architectural style: Nagara
- Significance: One of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites
West India
Gujarat
6. Somnath Temple
- Original construction: Early centuries CE, rebuilt multiple times
- Current structure: 1951 (beyond our cutoff, but historically significant)
- Architectural style: Chalukya
- Significance: One of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines
7. Sun Temple, Modhera
- Built in: 1026-1027 CE
- Dynasty: Solanki
- Architectural style: Maru-Gurjara
- Significance: Dedicated to the Sun God, known for its stepped tank (surya kund)
Maharashtra
8. Ellora Caves
- Built between: 6th to 10th century CE
- Dynasties: Rashtrakuta (Hindu and Buddhist caves), Yadava (Jain caves)
- Architectural style: Rock-cut architecture
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing religious harmony
9. Kailasa Temple, Ellora
- Built in: 8th century CE
- Dynasty: Rashtrakuta
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Largest monolithic rock-cut temple in the world
East India
Odisha
10. Jagannath Temple, Puri
- Built in: 12th century CE
- Dynasty: Eastern Ganga
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: One of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites
11. Konark Sun Temple
- Built in: 13th century CE
- Dynasty: Eastern Ganga
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its massive chariot-shaped structure
12. Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar
- Built in: 11th century CE
- Dynasty: Somavamsi
- Architectural style: Kalinga
- Significance: Largest temple in Bhubaneswar
Bihar
13. Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya
- Original structure: 3rd century BCE
- Rebuilt: 5th-6th century CE
- Architectural style: Buddhist
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, marks the site of Buddha's enlightenment
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South India
Tamilnadu
14. Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram
- Built in: 8th century CE
- Dynasty: Pallava
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
15. Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur
- Built in: 1003-1010 CE
- Dynasty: Chola
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Great Living Chola Temples
16. Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
- Original structure: 6th century CE
- Current structure: 16th-17th century CE
- Dynasty: Nayak
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Renowned for its sculpted pillars and expansive temple complex
17. Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam
- Built between: 10th-17th centuries CE
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Largest functioning Hindu temple in the world
Karnataka
18. Virupaksha Temple, Hampi
- Original structure: 7th century CE
- Major expansions: 14th-16th century CE
- Dynasty: Vijayanagara
- Architectural style: Vijayanagara
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Hampi ruins
19. Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu
- Built in: 12th century CE
- Dynasty: Hoysala
- Architectural style: Hoysala
- Significance: Known for its intricate carvings and stellar plan layout
Andhra Pradesh
20. Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala
- Built in: 9th century CE
- Dynasty: Chola (original structure)
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: One of the richest and most visited temples in India
Tamilnadu
14. Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram
- Built in: 8th century CE
- Dynasty: Pallava
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
15. Brihadeeswara Temple, Thanjavur
- Built in: 1003-1010 CE
- Dynasty: Chola
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Great Living Chola Temples
16. Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
- Original structure: 6th century CE
- Current structure: 16th-17th century CE
- Dynasty: Nayak
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Renowned for its sculpted pillars and expansive temple complex
17. Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam
- Built between: 10th-17th centuries CE
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: Largest functioning Hindu temple in the world
Karnataka
18. Virupaksha Temple, Hampi
- Original structure: 7th century CE
- Major expansions: 14th-16th century CE
- Dynasty: Vijayanagara
- Architectural style: Vijayanagara
- Significance: UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of the Hampi ruins
19. Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu
- Built in: 12th century CE
- Dynasty: Hoysala
- Architectural style: Hoysala
- Significance: Known for its intricate carvings and stellar plan layout
Andhra Pradesh
20. Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala
- Built in: 9th century CE
- Dynasty: Chola (original structure)
- Architectural style: Dravidian
- Significance: One of the richest and most visited temples in India
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Forwarded from TGPSC G1 Mains Notes
Marginalised by caste, marginalised in education - Rising costs in higher education are one of the many issues affecting Dalit students
Marginalised by caste, marginalised in education - Rising costs in higher education are one of the many issues affecting Dalit students
Forwarded from TGPSC G1 Mains Notes
వ్యవ‘సాయం’పై మరింత దృష్టి!
https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/vyakyanam/india-achieves-highest-global-growth-rate-in-agricultural-gdp/1301/124233142
https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/vyakyanam/india-achieves-highest-global-growth-rate-in-agricultural-gdp/1301/124233142
EENADU
Agriculture: వ్యవ‘సాయం’పై మరింత దృష్టి
ఒక దేశ జీడీపీలో వ్యవసాయ రంగం వాటా తగ్గి- పారిశ్రామిక, సేవా రంగాల వాటా పెరగడం అభివృద్ధికి సంకేతమనేది ఆర్థికవేత్తల సూత్రీకరణ. కానీ, దీనికి భిన్నంగా భారత ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థలో వ్యవసాయ రంగం ప్రాధాన్యం పెరుగుతోంది. నీతిఆయోగ్, నియతకాల కార్మిక శక్తి సర్వేలే ఈ అంశాన్ని…
🔆United Nations Internal Justice Council
✅Former Supreme Court judge Justice Madan B. Lokur was appointed Chairperson of the United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC) for a term ending on November 12, 2028.
📍U.N. Internal Justice Council (IJC):
✅It was established by the UN General Assembly as part of the new internal justice system in order to help ensure independence, professionalism and accountability in the administration of justice system of the United Nations.
✅The IJC members are appointed by the UN Secretary General.
✅It is composed of five members consisting of:
🔰a staff representative
🔰a management representative
🔰two distinguished external jurists, one nominated by the staff and one by management, and
✅Chair: a distinguished jurist chosen by consensus by the four other members.
✅Former Supreme Court judge Justice Madan B. Lokur was appointed Chairperson of the United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC) for a term ending on November 12, 2028.
📍U.N. Internal Justice Council (IJC):
✅It was established by the UN General Assembly as part of the new internal justice system in order to help ensure independence, professionalism and accountability in the administration of justice system of the United Nations.
✅The IJC members are appointed by the UN Secretary General.
✅It is composed of five members consisting of:
🔰a staff representative
🔰a management representative
🔰two distinguished external jurists, one nominated by the staff and one by management, and
✅Chair: a distinguished jurist chosen by consensus by the four other members.
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🔆SpaDeX Mission:
✅The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) is a groundbreaking mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aimed at developing autonomous space docking technology.
✅The mission involves PSLV-C60 as the launch vehicle to demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft: Chaser (SDX01) and Target (SDX02).
✅This technology is a critical milestone for future lunar missions, the development of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), and other advanced space endeavours.
✅Launch vehicle: PSLV-C60.
✅Orbit: 470 km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.
📍What is POEM?
✅PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM):
Developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).
✅Repurposes the fourth stage of PSLV into an orbital station for scientific experiments.
✅First used in the PSLV-C53 mission (2022) to minimize space debris.
✅Equipped with a Navigation Guidance and Control (NGC) system for attitude stabilization.
✅The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) is a groundbreaking mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aimed at developing autonomous space docking technology.
✅The mission involves PSLV-C60 as the launch vehicle to demonstrate in-space docking technology using two small spacecraft: Chaser (SDX01) and Target (SDX02).
✅This technology is a critical milestone for future lunar missions, the development of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), and other advanced space endeavours.
✅Launch vehicle: PSLV-C60.
✅Orbit: 470 km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.
📍What is POEM?
✅PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM):
Developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).
✅Repurposes the fourth stage of PSLV into an orbital station for scientific experiments.
✅First used in the PSLV-C53 mission (2022) to minimize space debris.
✅Equipped with a Navigation Guidance and Control (NGC) system for attitude stabilization.
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🔆Evolution of Education Policy
✅ University Education Commission (1948-49)
✅Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
✅ Education Commission (1964-66) under Dr. D.S. Kothari
✅National Policy on Education, 1968
✅42nd Constitutional Amendment,1976-Education in Concurrent List
✅National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986
✅NPE 1986 Modified in 1992 (Program of Action, 1992)
✅ T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee Report (27 May, 2016)
✅Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee Report (31 May, 2019)
✅New Education Policy 2020
✅ University Education Commission (1948-49)
✅Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
✅ Education Commission (1964-66) under Dr. D.S. Kothari
✅National Policy on Education, 1968
✅42nd Constitutional Amendment,1976-Education in Concurrent List
✅National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986
✅NPE 1986 Modified in 1992 (Program of Action, 1992)
✅ T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee Report (27 May, 2016)
✅Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee Report (31 May, 2019)
✅New Education Policy 2020
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🔆PM-ABHIM scheme
✅Why in news: The Delhi High Court directed the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the implementation of the PM-ABHIM.
✅It was launched on 25th October 2021 with an outlay of Rs. 64,180 Crore.
✅To be implemented over five years (2021-2026).
✅It includes both Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and Central Sector (CS) components.
✅It focuses on improving health systems at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels, and preparing for future pandemics.
✅Objectives :Aims to strengthen public health infrastructure, surveillance, and health research across urban and rural areas.
✅Key Measures under PM-ABHIM: Support for States/UTs to build Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAM) in rural and urban areas.
✅Strengthening of Block Public Health Units and Integrated District Public Health Labs.
Development of Critical Care Hospital Blocks.
✅Enhancing surveillance, health emergency response, research, and pandemic preparedness.
✅One Health approach to manage infectious diseases in humans and animals.
✅Why in news: The Delhi High Court directed the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for the implementation of the PM-ABHIM.
✅It was launched on 25th October 2021 with an outlay of Rs. 64,180 Crore.
✅To be implemented over five years (2021-2026).
✅It includes both Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) and Central Sector (CS) components.
✅It focuses on improving health systems at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels, and preparing for future pandemics.
✅Objectives :Aims to strengthen public health infrastructure, surveillance, and health research across urban and rural areas.
✅Key Measures under PM-ABHIM: Support for States/UTs to build Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAM) in rural and urban areas.
✅Strengthening of Block Public Health Units and Integrated District Public Health Labs.
Development of Critical Care Hospital Blocks.
✅Enhancing surveillance, health emergency response, research, and pandemic preparedness.
✅One Health approach to manage infectious diseases in humans and animals.
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🔆Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26)
✅ Every religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
✅ It can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
✅ It can own and acquire movable and immovable property
✅ It has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
✅ Article 25: individual rights
✅ Article 26: Protects collective freedom of religion.
✅ Reasonable restrictions: public order, morality and health
✅ Every religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
✅ It can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
✅ It can own and acquire movable and immovable property
✅ It has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
✅ Article 25: individual rights
✅ Article 26: Protects collective freedom of religion.
✅ Reasonable restrictions: public order, morality and health
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What is the primary condition for Lake-Effect Snow to occur?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Cold air interacting with warmer, unfrozen lake waters
42%
Frozen lake surfaces with high atmospheric moisture
28%
Stable atmospheric conditions with low wind speed
6%
Warm air interacting with cold lake waters
Under which tax structure is the Windfall Gains Tax levied?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
16%
Customs Duty
24%
Corporate Income Tax
38%
Special Additional Excise Duty (SAED) and Additional Excise Duty (AED)
Which population groups have consistently been enumerated in every Indian census since 1951?
Anonymous Quiz
42%
SCs and STs
30%
OBCs and sub-castes
17%
All caste groups
11%
Economically weaker sections (EWS)
Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) that aims to adjust the country’s economic structure and improve international competitiveness, is related to
Anonymous Quiz
27%
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
37%
World Trade Organization (WTO)
23%
World Economic Forum (WEF)
13%
International Monetary Fund (IMF)