TGPSC Notes

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☘️ Champaran Satyagraha (1917):
- Gandhi's first major movement in India.
- Focused on the plight of indigo farmers in Bihar.
- Resulted in the abolition of oppressive indigo farming practices.

☘️ Lucknow Pact (1916):
- Alliance between the Congress and Muslim League.
- Agreed on common demands for constitutional reforms.
- Strengthened Hindu-Muslim unity briefly.

☘️ Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919):
- Rowlatt Act allowed detention without trial.
- General Dyer ordered open fire on peaceful protesters in Amritsar.
- Over 1,000 casualties intensified anti-British sentiments.

☘️ Formation of RSS (1925):
- Founded by K.B. Hedgewar in Nagpur.
- Focused on promoting Hindu cultural and social values.
- Became a significant influence in Indian socio-political discourse.

☘️ Simon Commission Protests (1927):
- All-white commission formed to review constitutional reforms.
- Boycotted with widespread protests led by Congress leaders.
- Lala Lajpat Rai's death during protests intensified resistance.

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☘️ Second Round Table Conference (1931):
- Gandhi represented Congress after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
- Failed to achieve agreements on key issues like communal representation.
- Disillusionment grew among Indian leaders.

☘️ Dandi March and Civil Disobedience Movement (1930):
- Gandhi marched 240 miles to protest the salt tax.
- Civil disobedience spread, with mass defiance of colonial laws.
- Highlighted India's resolve for independence.

☘️ Government of India Act (1935):
- Introduced provincial autonomy and expanded electorates.
- Proposed a federal structure that was never fully implemented.
- Widely criticized for retaining British control.

☘️ Simla Conference (1945):
- Attempt to resolve Congress-Muslim League deadlock.
- Failed due to disagreements over communal representation.
- Reflected deepening political divides.

☘️ Mountbatten Plan (1947):
- Proposed partition of India into two nations, India and Pakistan.
- Aimed to avoid prolonged communal violence.
- Accepted by Congress and Muslim League.

☘️ First Round Table Conference (1930):
- Held in London to discuss constitutional reforms.
- Boycotted by Congress due to British non-recognition of Indian demands.
- Marked by limited progress.

☘️ Quit India Movement (1942):
- Launched by Gandhi with the slogan "Do or Die."
- Mass arrests and suppression followed by widespread protests.
- Unified India in demanding immediate independence.

☘️ Indian National Army and Subhas Chandra Bose (1943):
- Bose led the INA to fight against British rule with Japanese support.
- Inspired patriotic fervor but failed to secure a military victory.
- Highlighted global dimensions of India’s struggle.

☘️ Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (1946):
- Indian sailors revolted against British officers.
- Sparked solidarity protests across India.
- Showcased the declining loyalty of Indian armed forces to the British.

☘️ Independence and Partition (15 August 1947):
- India achieved independence but was partitioned into India and Pakistan.
- Resulted in massive violence and the largest migration in human history.
- Marked the end of British rule and the beginning of a new era.

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