📖 Important Current Affairs for All Upcoming Exams



1) Defence minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated a new Sainik School under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
▪️ Rajasthan:-
Governor - Haribhau Kisanrao Bagade
➭Amber Palace
➭Hawa Mahal
➭Ranthambore National Park
➭City Palace
➭Keoladeo Ghana National Park
➭Sariska National Park.
➭ Kumbhalgarh Fort

2) Azerbaijan, the host of this year's climate change conference, COP29, has proposed to launch a new climate fund for developing countries.
➨ The fund can be financed through “voluntary” contributions from fossil-fuel producing countries and companies.

3) According to the Asian Power Index Report 2024, released recently by the Australian think tank Lowy Institute, India is ranked third most powerful country in Asia after the United States of America and China.

4) The Maharashtra government has approved a proposal to rename Pune airport as Jagadguru Sant Tukaram Maharaj Airport, a decision made during a cabinet meeting.
▪️ Maharashtra :-
➨ Sanjay Gandhi (Borivali) National Park
➨ Tadoba National Park
➨Nawegaon National Park
➨Gugamal National Park
➨Chandoli National Park

5) Kumar Tuhin has been appointed as India’s Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

6) According to the latest government report under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, the majority of atrocities against Scheduled Tribes (STs) were also concentrated in 13 states, which reported 98.91% of all cases in 2022.
➨ 97.7% of cases of atrocities against SCs were reported from 13 states.
➨ Uttar Pradesh had the highest percentage with 12,287 cases with 23.78%, followed by Rajasthan with 8,651 cases (16.75%) and Madhya Pradesh with 7,732 cases (14.97%).

7) Megastar K Chiranjeevi was honoured by the Guinness World Records, which recognised him as the most prolific star in the Indian film industry in the actor/dancer category.

8) The prestigious 25th International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards will be held in Jaipur, Rajasthan, at the JECC Sitapura from March 7–9, 2025.

9) Union Minister for Finance Nirmala Sitharaman represented India at the 9th Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Board of Governors meeting in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
➨The theme of the 9th AIIB Board of Governors meeting was "Building Resilient Infrastructure for All".

10) India has officially joined an international deal aimed at protecting marine life in the high seas.
➨ External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar signed the agreement, known as the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ).

11) The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi dedicated to the nation three PARAM Rudra Supercomputers.
➨ Developed indigenously under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), these supercomputers have been deployed in Pune, Delhi and Kolkata to facilitate pioneering scientific research.
➨The Prime Minister also inaugurated a High-Performance Computing (HPC) system tailored for weather and climate research.

12) Rising swimming star Pratyaksha Ray has been selected for the Ekalavya Puraskar 2024 due to her impressive achievements.
➨ At the Khelo India University Games in Guwahati this February, Ray won a total of six medals: four gold, one silver, and one bronze.

13) The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India assumed chairmanship of the Asian Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (ASOSAI) for 2024-2027.

14) Air Marshal Ajay Kumar Arora assumed the appointment of Air Officer-in-Charge Maintenance, Indian Air Force, at Air Headquarters (Vayu Bhawan).
➨ Air Marshal Arora was commissioned in the Aeronautical Engineering stream of IAF in Aug 1986.

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Some of the important places in the news

✅ Israel - Tel Aviv, Haifa port

✅ Iran - Tabriz, Jolfa

✅ Lebanon - Dahieh, Beirut

✅ UAE - Fujairah, Rass Al Khat, Jebel Ali, and Ghuwaifat

✅ Saudi Arabia - Dammam port and Haradh

✅ Ukraine - Donbas, Donetsk,Kherson and Zaporizhzhia.

✅ Ethiopia - Tigray, Amhara

✅ DRC - North Kivu and Ituri

✅ Uganda -Bidibidi refugee complex

✅ Kenya - Dadaab refugee complex

✅ Myanmar - Kachin

✅ Turkey - Anatolia

✅ Mozambique - Cabo Delgado

✅ Spain - Catalonia

✅ Levant - Region along the eastern Mediterranean shores, roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Jordan,Lebanon, Syria, and certain adjacent areas.

✅ Azerbaijan -Nagorno-Karabakh ( Disputed between Azerbaijan and Armenia )

✅ Senkaku Islands dispute - Japan and China.

✅ The Suwałki Gap - is a barely 100 kilometre-long stretch of land between Russia’s ally Belarus and Kaliningrad(Russia).

✅ Lake Titicaca - Peru and Bolivia

✅ Raffah crossing - It's the southernmost post of exit from Gaza and borders Egypt’s Sinai peninsula.It is under control of Egypt.

✅ Sinai Peninsula - Sovereign territory of Egypt.

✅ Liptako-Gourma region - At the tri junction of the  Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger.

✅ Galapagos Island - Island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of Ecuador.

KOPPEN'S Classification of India's CLIMATE

- wladimir koeppen divided India's climate into Five main Zones. He also further broke these zones into smaller sub-types
- 5 main Climate zones in koeppen's classification:
1) Tropical climate
2) Dry Climate
3) warm Temperate climate
4) Cold Temperate climate
5) Ice climate

☘️ (E): Polar Type
- This Climate covers Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh
- Precipitation occurs in the form of Snow
- Temperature: 0 - 10° c

☘️ (Et): Tundra type
- This Climate covers Mountain Area of Uttarakhand
- Rainfall varies from year to year
- Temperature: 0 - 10° c

☘️ (Dfc): Cold, Humid winter with short summer
- This Climate covers Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and parts of Assam
- Rainfall: 200 cm

☘️ (Cwg): Monsoon with Dry winter
- This Climate covers Most parts of the Ganga Plain (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & West Bengal), Assam, Most of North East India, & in Malwa Plateau (Eastern Rajasthan, Northern Madhya Pradesh)
- Rainfall: 100 - 200 cm

☘️ (BShw): Semi-Arid Steppe type Climate
- This Climate covers Some Rain shadow areas of Western ghats, Large part of Rajasthan, Punjab & Contiguous areas of Haryana & North Western Gujarat
- Rainfall: 12 - 25 cm

☘️ (BWhw): Hot Desert type Climate
- This Climate covers Most of Western Rajasthan
- Rainfall: less than 12 cm

☘️ (Aw): Tropical Savanna type
- This Climate covers most of the Peninsular Plateau barring coromandal and Malabar coastal strips
- Including the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh
-  Rainfall: 75 cm

☘️ (As): Monsoon type with a dry season in the summer season
- This Climate covers Coromandal coast (Coastal Tamilnadu) and adjoining areas of Andhra Pradesh
- Rainfall: 75 - 100 cm

☘️ (Amw): Monsoon type with the short dry winter season
- This Climate covers Western coastal region, South of Mumbai, South of Goa, including the Malabar coast (Kerala & Karnataka) & parts of the Konkan coast (Maharashtra, Goa & Karnataka)
- Rainfall: over 300 cm

ICTP Galathea Bay

✅The mega international container transshipment port (ICTP) at Galathea Bay has been notified as the 13th major port.

✅It is located in the Great Nicobar island in the Bay of Bengal.
✅Great Nicobar Island is a part of the Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar islands, is 40 nautical miles from Malacca Strait.
✅Malacca Strait is the international shipping channel catering to about 35 percent of the annual global sea trade.
✅The port will be strategically located on the East-West international trade and shipping route in proximity to transshipment terminals like Singapore, Klang and Colombo.
✅It is also a part of the rapidly evolving Indo-Pacific geopolitical region.
✅As a gateway to the region, it will capture transshipment cargo from Indian east coast ports, as also Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Recent Cyclones in News🌪



Cyclone Dana
▪️Named by - Qatar
▪️Meaning - Perfectly sized, valuable & beautiful pearl
▪️Location - Bay of Bengal

Cyclone Yagi
▪️Named by - Japan
▪️Meaning - Goat
▪️Location - South East Asia

Cyclone Remal
▪️Named by - Oman
▪️Meaning - Sand
▪️Location - Bay of Bengal

🔆Prithvi Vigyan Scheme

✅Consolidation of Programs: The Prithvi scheme unifies five existing sub- schemes:

1. Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS),
2. Ocean Services, Modelling Application, Resources and Technology (O- SMART),
3. Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER),
4. Seismology and Geosciences (SAGE),
5. Research, Education, Training and Outreach (REACHOUT).

✅Aim: This integration is designed to enhance our understanding of Earth’s systems and apply scientific knowledge for societal, environmental, and economic benefits.

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2070646

First Asian Budhdhist summit Delhi

🔆 Countries bordering Arctic Sea

Trick : Green FISH went to Norway by CAR.

✅G : Greenland.
✅F : Finland.
✅I : Iceland.
✅S : Sweden.
✅N : Norway.
✅C : Canada.
✅A : Alaska.
✅R : Russia.

🔆Indian states with longest coastline :

Trick : GAuTaM.

✅G : Gujarat
✅A : Andhra Pradesh
✅T : Tamil Nadu
✅M : Maharashtra

🔆 Madhubani Painting :

✅ Madhubani town (Bihar) .
✅ Also known as MITHILA PAINTING [Traditionally done by Womens] .
✅ Theme - Religious Motifs of Hindu [ Durga, Lakshmi , Rama]
✅ Symbols - Fish depicts good luck & fertility
✅ Depict people and their association with nature and scenes and deities from the ancient epics
✅ Features - Double line border , Bold use of Colours etc.
✅ Famous Painters - Jagdamba Devi , Karpoori Devi , Sita Devi .
✅ GI (Geographical Indication) Status - 2007

International Solar Alliance (ISA):

✅Established: 2015; headquartered in India (first intergovernmental organization headquartered in India).
✅Membership: 120 Member and Signatory countries, aiming to mobilize $1 trillion in solar investments by 2030.
✅Mission: Drive global solar energy adoption to foster sustainable growth, reduce energy costs, and provide universal energy access.
✅Primary goals: Enhance solar energy in sectors like agriculture, transport, and health; standardize solar policies; and provide solar training and data.
✅Partnerships: Collaborates with development banks, civil society, private, and public sectors, focusing on support for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

🔆Committees on Western Ghats:

📍Sanjay Kumar Committee:
✅Formed to review state objections on ESA demarcations and validate proposed exclusions.
✅Will conduct field visits to verify if demands for village exclusions from ESA listings are justified.
✅Seeks to finalize the ESA status for villages, restricting activities harmful to biodiversity.

📍Madhav Gadgil Committee (2011):
✅Established by UPA government to propose protection measures for the Western Ghats.
✅Recommended designating the entire Western Ghats as ecologically sensitive.
✅Proposed the creation of a dedicated ecological authority to regulate development.
✅Report suggested rigorous conservation, but its recommendations were not fully adopted.

📍Kasturirangan Committee (2012):
✅Formed as a follow-up to the Gadgil Committee to provide a more moderate approach.
✅Based ESA demarcations on 37% of the Western Ghats, focusing on forested areas.
✅Emphasized a balance between conservation and developmental needs, allowing limited activity in specific areas.