🔆Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD):
✅It is a progressive and fatal neurological disease affecting deer, elk, moose, and other cervids (members of the deer family).
✅It's caused by abnormal proteins called prions that damage brain tissue, leading to severe neurological symptoms, weight loss, and eventually death.
✅CWD is part of a group of diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), which also include mad cow disease in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
✅Transmission:
CWD spreads between animals through bodily fluids, like saliva, urine, and feces, as well as contaminated soil and plants.
✅There is currently no evidence that CWD can infect humans.
✅Treatment: It is always fatal in infected animals. There is no vaccine or treatment.
✅It is a progressive and fatal neurological disease affecting deer, elk, moose, and other cervids (members of the deer family).
✅It's caused by abnormal proteins called prions that damage brain tissue, leading to severe neurological symptoms, weight loss, and eventually death.
✅CWD is part of a group of diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), which also include mad cow disease in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
✅Transmission:
CWD spreads between animals through bodily fluids, like saliva, urine, and feces, as well as contaminated soil and plants.
✅There is currently no evidence that CWD can infect humans.
✅Treatment: It is always fatal in infected animals. There is no vaccine or treatment.
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Biodiversity Hotspot
🌿What are Biodiversity Hotspots?
- Regions with high species diversity and endemism
- Facing significant threat of habitat loss
- Identified by Conservation International
- 36 such hotspots globally, 4 in India
🌿Major Biodiversity Hotspots in India:
1. Eastern Himalayas
2. Western Ghats
3. Indo-Burma
4. Sundaland
🌿Key Facts to Remember:
- India has 4 of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots
- These regions cover just 2.4% of the Earth's surface
- Yet, they host over 60% of all plant and animal species
- Face rapid habitat loss and destruction
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🔆Post-independence poverty estimates:
📍Planning Commission
✅Planning Commission Expert Group (1962), constituted by the Planning Commission formulated the separate poverty lines for rural and urban areas (Rs.20 and Rs.25 per capita per year respectively).
📍Y. K. Alagh Committee (1979)
✅By 1979, it was decided that poverty should be measured precisely based on starvation. Committee was constituted which gave its recommendation as the people consuming less than 2,100 calories in the urban areas or less than 2,400 calories in the rural areas are poor.
📍Lakdawala Committee (1993)
✅In 1993, an expert group constituted to review methodology for poverty estimation, chaired by D.T.
✅Lakdawala, made the following suggestions:
🔰Consumption expenditure should be calculated based on calorie consumption as earlier;
🔰State specific poverty lines should be constructed and these should be updated using the Consumer Price Index of Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) in urban areas and Consumer Price Index of Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) in rural areas; and
🔰Discontinuation of ‘scaling’ of poverty estimates based on National Accounts Statistics. This assumes that the basket of goods and services used to calculate CPI-IW and CPI-AL reflect the consumption patterns of the poor.
📍Planning Commission
✅Planning Commission Expert Group (1962), constituted by the Planning Commission formulated the separate poverty lines for rural and urban areas (Rs.20 and Rs.25 per capita per year respectively).
📍Y. K. Alagh Committee (1979)
✅By 1979, it was decided that poverty should be measured precisely based on starvation. Committee was constituted which gave its recommendation as the people consuming less than 2,100 calories in the urban areas or less than 2,400 calories in the rural areas are poor.
📍Lakdawala Committee (1993)
✅In 1993, an expert group constituted to review methodology for poverty estimation, chaired by D.T.
✅Lakdawala, made the following suggestions:
🔰Consumption expenditure should be calculated based on calorie consumption as earlier;
🔰State specific poverty lines should be constructed and these should be updated using the Consumer Price Index of Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) in urban areas and Consumer Price Index of Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) in rural areas; and
🔰Discontinuation of ‘scaling’ of poverty estimates based on National Accounts Statistics. This assumes that the basket of goods and services used to calculate CPI-IW and CPI-AL reflect the consumption patterns of the poor.
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🔆Mission Amrit Sarovar
✅Recently, the Prime Minister of India said that over 60,000 Amrit Sarovars were constructed across villages leaving behind a legacy for future generations.
📍Mission Amrit Sarovar:
✅It was launched on 24th April, 2022with the resolve to build 75 Amrit Sarovars during the 75th year of independence as a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
✅It helps to overcome the water crisis in rural areas of the country.
✅Every Amrit Sarovar will have a pondage area of at least 1 acre with a water holding capacity of about 10,000 cubic metre.
✅It focuses on water conservation, people’s participation and proper utilization of soil excavated from the water bodies to boost infrastructure projects.
✅There is no separate financial allocation for Mission Amrit Sarovar.
✅Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Application and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N) has been engaged as Technical partner for the Mission.
✅Recently, the Prime Minister of India said that over 60,000 Amrit Sarovars were constructed across villages leaving behind a legacy for future generations.
📍Mission Amrit Sarovar:
✅It was launched on 24th April, 2022with the resolve to build 75 Amrit Sarovars during the 75th year of independence as a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
✅It helps to overcome the water crisis in rural areas of the country.
✅Every Amrit Sarovar will have a pondage area of at least 1 acre with a water holding capacity of about 10,000 cubic metre.
✅It focuses on water conservation, people’s participation and proper utilization of soil excavated from the water bodies to boost infrastructure projects.
✅There is no separate financial allocation for Mission Amrit Sarovar.
✅Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Application and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N) has been engaged as Technical partner for the Mission.
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📌 Articles Related to Governor
✍ Article No. Subject-matter
🪴 153 Governor of States
🪴 154 Executive power of state
🪴 155 Appointment of Governor
🪴 156 Term of office of Governor
🪴 157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor
🪴 158 Conditions of Governor’s office
🪴 159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor
🪴 160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
🪴 161 Power of the Governor to grant pardons and others
🪴 162 Extent of executive power of state
🪴 163 Council of ministers to aid and advise the Governor
🪴 164 Other provisions as to ministers like appointments, term, salaries, and others
🪴 165 Advocate-General for the State
🪴 166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State
🪴 167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor etc.
🪴 174 Sessions of the state legislature, prorogation and dissolution
🪴 175 Right of the Governor to address and send messages to the house or houses of state legislature
🪴 176 Special address by the Governor
🪴 200 Assent to bills (i.e. assent of the Governor to the bills passed by the state legislature)
🪴 201 Bills reserved by the Governor for consideration of the President
🪴 213 Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.
🪴 217 Governor being consulted by the President in the matter of the appointments of the judges of the High Courts
🪴 233 Appointment of disctrict judges by the Governor
🪴 234 Appointments of persons (other than district judges) to the judicial service of the state by the Governor
✍ Article No. Subject-matter
🪴 153 Governor of States
🪴 154 Executive power of state
🪴 155 Appointment of Governor
🪴 156 Term of office of Governor
🪴 157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor
🪴 158 Conditions of Governor’s office
🪴 159 Oath or affirmation by the Governor
🪴 160 Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
🪴 161 Power of the Governor to grant pardons and others
🪴 162 Extent of executive power of state
🪴 163 Council of ministers to aid and advise the Governor
🪴 164 Other provisions as to ministers like appointments, term, salaries, and others
🪴 165 Advocate-General for the State
🪴 166 Conduct of business of the Government of a State
🪴 167 Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor etc.
🪴 174 Sessions of the state legislature, prorogation and dissolution
🪴 175 Right of the Governor to address and send messages to the house or houses of state legislature
🪴 176 Special address by the Governor
🪴 200 Assent to bills (i.e. assent of the Governor to the bills passed by the state legislature)
🪴 201 Bills reserved by the Governor for consideration of the President
🪴 213 Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.
🪴 217 Governor being consulted by the President in the matter of the appointments of the judges of the High Courts
🪴 233 Appointment of disctrict judges by the Governor
🪴 234 Appointments of persons (other than district judges) to the judicial service of the state by the Governor
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Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY):
Launch and Aim:
• It was launched by the government in 2015 for providing loans up to Rs. 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises.
Funding Provision:
• MUDRA, which stands for Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd., is a financial institution set up by the Government.
• It provides funding to the non-corporate small business sector through various last-mile financial institutions like Banks, NBFC and Micro Finance Institutions.
•MUDRA does not lend directly to micro-entrepreneurs/individuals.
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