Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)

➕Purpose: Designed specifically for launching small satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbit (SSO).
➕Payload Capacity: Up to 500 kg to SSO, up to 300 kg to GTO.
➕Turnaround Time: Rapid launch capability with a turnaround time of less than a week.
➕Launching Mini, Micro or Nano satellites
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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)

➕Purpose: Primarily used for launching satellites into polar orbits and geostationary transfer orbits.
➕ Payload Capacity: Up to 1,750 kg to SSO, up to 1,425 kg to GTO.
➕Turnaround Time: Longer turnaround compared to SSLV.
➕Usage: Used for a wide range of missions, including Earth observation, remote sensing, and interplanetary missions.
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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

➕Purpose: Designed to launch heavier payloads into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and beyond.
➕ Payload Capacity: Up to 5,000 kg to LEO, up to 2,500 kg to GTO.
➕ Turnaround Time: Longer turnaround, given the complexity of missions.
➕Usage: Primarily used for launching communication satellites, weather satellites, and interplanetary missions.
➕Advanced Technology: Equipped with a cryogenic upper stage, allowing it to carry heavier payloads to higher orbits.
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Sports for Nature (S4N) Project

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➕ Type: Initiative for ensuring environmentally friendly sports events.

➕ Launch: Introduced at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games opening ceremony.

➕ Collaborators:
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
- Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and Dona Bertarelli Philanthropy.
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➕ Goal: To protect wildlife and natural habitats by 2030 through eco-friendly sports practices.

➕ Key Principles:
- Conserving Important Species and Habitats: Preventing harm to sensitive areas and protecting biodiversity.
- Restoring Ecosystems: Improving and rehabilitating damaged habitats.
- Creating Sustainable Supply Chains: Ensuring eco-friendly practices in sourcing and logistics.
- Encouraging Action: Promoting nature-friendly practices within the sports community.

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20 August 2024 Current Affairs

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1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi to embark on a three-day visit to Poland and Ukraine from Wednesday.
2. Government gives nod to enhance security deployment at all Central government hospitals by 25 per cent; A committee headed by DG Health Services to look into aspects of hospital security and facilities.
3. Prime Minister Narendra Modi to hold talks with his Malaysian counterpart Anwar Ibrahim in New Delhi today; Two countries to sign a number of agreements following the talks.
4. India and Japan to hold 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue in New Delhi this evening.
5. Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacts with Indian contingent for Paris Paralympics beginning 28th of this month.
6. Notification for first phase of Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir to be issued today.

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ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ బుధవారం నుంచి పోలాండ్, ఉక్రెయిన్‌లలో మూడు రోజుల పర్యటనకు బయలుదేరుతారు.
2. అన్ని కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వ ఆసుపత్రుల వద్ద భద్రతా విస్తరణను 25 శాతం పెంచడానికి ప్రభుత్వం ఆమోదం తెలిపింది; DG హెల్త్ సర్వీసెస్ నేతృత్వంలోని కమిటీ ఆసుపత్రి భద్రత మరియు సౌకర్యాల అంశాలను పరిశిలిస్తుంది.
3. ఈరోజు న్యూఢిల్లీలో తన మలేషియా కౌంటర్ అన్వర్ ఇబ్రహీంతో చర్చలు జరపనున్న ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ; చర్చల అనంతరం పలు ఒప్పందాలపై రెండు దేశాలు సంతకాలు చేయనున్నాయి.
4. భారతదేశం మరియు జపాన్ మధ్య ఈ సాయంత్రం న్యూఢిల్లీలో 2+2 మంత్రివర్గ చర్చలు జరగనున్నాయి.
5. ఈ నెల 28న ప్రారంభమయ్యే పారిస్ పారాలింపిక్స్ కోసం భారత బృందంతో ప్రధాని నరేంద్ర మోదీ సంభాషించారు.
6. జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్‌లో తొలి దశ అసెంబ్లీ ఎన్నికలకు ఈరోజు నోటిఫికేషన్ విడుదల కానుంది.

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#DCA

2023 Cyclones:

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1. Biparjoy 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India 
   - Name given by: Bangladesh 

2. Mocha 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, Bangladesh 
   - Name given by: Yemen 

3. Michaung 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India 
   - Name given by: Myanmar 

4. Tej 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Oman, Yemen 
   - Name given by: India 

5. Hamoon 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India 
   - Name given by: Iran 

6. Mandous 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, India 
   - Name given by: UAE 

7. Fabien 
   - Location: Indian Ocean, near Diego Garcia 
   - Name given by: Maldives 

8. Deep Depression BOB 03 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Odisha, West Bengal, India 
   - Details: Heavy rainfall but not a full cyclone 

9. Gulab 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Pakistan 

10. Tauktae 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Gujarat, Maharashtra, India 
   - Name given by: Myanmar 

11. Yaas 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Oman 

12. Nisarga 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Maharashtra, India 
   - Name given by: Bangladesh 

13. Amphan 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, Odisha, India 
   - Name given by: Thailand 

14. Freddy 
   - Location: Indian Ocean, affected Madagascar and Mozambique 
   - Name given by: Australia 
  
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2024 Cyclones:

15. Remal 
   - Location: Arabian Sea, Western India 
   - Name given by: Oman 

16. Vyom 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal, Eastern India 
   - Name given by: India 

17. Probaho 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal 
   - Name given by: India 

18. Gagana 
   - Location: Bay of Bengal 
   - Name given by: Sri Lanka 

19. Asif 
   - Location: Arabian Peninsula 
   - Name given by: Saudi Arabia 

20. Kaani 
   - Location: Arabian Sea 
   - Name given by: Maldives

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Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)

➕Type: Highest decision-making body in the Ministry of Defence for procurement.

➕Formation: Established in 2001 following the recommendations on 'Reforming the National Security System' post-Kargil War (1999).

➕Composition:
- Chairman: Defence Minister.
- Members: Includes the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
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➕Key Functions:
- Long-Term Planning: Provides in-principle approval for the 15-year Long Term Integrated Perspective Plan (LTIPP) for defence forces.
- Acquisition Proposals: Grants acceptance of necessity for acquisition proposals.
- Categorization: Categorizes acquisition proposals into ‘Buy’, ‘Buy & Make’, and ‘Make’.
- Offset Provisions: Makes decisions on offset provisions for acquisition proposals above Rs 300 crore.
- Technology Transfer: Decides on the Transfer of Technology under the ‘Buy & Make’ category of acquisition proposals.
- Field Trials: Oversees field trial evaluations
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Bharat Bill Payment System

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- Initiated by: RBI
- Managed by: NPCI
- Purpose: To create a one-stop payment platform for all types of bills, ensuring interoperability and accessibility.
- Features: Certainty, reliability, and safety of transactions with instant payment confirmation.

- Participants:
● Banks and Non-Banks: Involved in the bill aggregation business
● Billers: Service providers
● Payment Service Providers: Facilitators of the payment process
● Retail Bill Outlets: Physical locations for bill payments
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- Benefits :
● Unified Platform: By aggregating various providers.
● Flexibility: Offers multiple payment methods.
● Real-Time Confirmation: Ensures that payments are confirmed instantly, enhancing user confidence.
● Expanded Reach: Facilitates bill payments across diverse geographic locations and service categories.

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Notification Date 29.12.2022
Exam Date 15.12.2024

Almost 2 years🙏🙏🙏

Project Nexus

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● A multilateral initiative to enable instant cross-border retail payments by interlinking domestic Fast Payments Systems.

- Participants: India (UPI), Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand.

- Initiated by : Innovation Hub of the Bank for International Settlements.

- Bilateral Efforts: RBI has been linking India’s UPI with other countries' FPSs for cross-border P2P and P2M payments.

- Global Instant Payment Systems (IPS)

● Current Scenario: Over 70 countries have domestic payments reaching destinations in seconds at near-zero cost.

● BIS Insight: Connecting these IPS can enable cross-border payments within 60 seconds in most cases.
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- Benefits :

● Standardization: Standardizes connections between IPSs.

● Single Connection: Payment system operators need to make only one connection to the Nexus platform to reach all other countries in the network.

● Accelerated Growth: Promotes faster growth of instant cross-border payments.

@tgpscnotes