Cold Deserts:
1. Gobi Desert
- Countries: Mongolia, China
2. Great Basin Desert
- Countries: United States (Nevada, Utah)
3. Patagonian Desert (also known as the Patagonian Steppe)
- Countries: Argentina, Chile
4. Taklamakan Desert
- Countries: China (Xinjiang)
5. Karakum Desert
- Countries: Turkmenistan
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Forwarded from TGPSC G1 Mains Notes
What is your screen time Daily(including Mobile,Tab, Laptop)? (In hours)
Anonymous Poll
35%
<5
37%
5-10
20%
10-15
7%
>15
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Major straits of the world :
- Cape of Good Hope:
- Connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
- Southern tip of Africa, a crucial point for maritime trade routes.
- Strait of Gibraltar:
- Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
- Northern entrance/exit point for ships traveling to and from the Atlantic.
- Bering Strait:
- Connects the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
- Separates Russia and Alaska, providing a link between the Arctic and Pacific regions.
- Panama Canal:
- Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- Located in Central America, it is a vital artificial waterway for global shipping.
- Suez Canal:
- Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
- Essential artificial waterway linking Europe to Asia.
- Strait of Malacca:
- Connects the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
- Strategic passage for maritime trade, connecting Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
- Drake Passage:
- Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- Southern tip of South America, known for its challenging maritime conditions.
- Davis Strait:
- Connects the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
- Between Greenland and Canada, facilitating navigation between the North Atlantic and Arctic regions.
- Denmark Strait:
- Connects the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans.
- Between Greenland and Iceland, important for the exchange of waters between the Arctic and Atlantic.
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1. Human Development Index — UNDP.
2. Human Capital Index — World Bank.
3. Global Human Capital Index — WEF.
4. Inclusive Development Index - WEF
#similar_but_different
2. Human Capital Index — World Bank.
3. Global Human Capital Index — WEF.
4. Inclusive Development Index - WEF
#similar_but_different
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1. Global Gender Gap Report — WEF.
2. Gender Parity Index — UNESCO.
3. World's Women Report — UNDESA.
4. Gender Inequality Index — UNDP.
5. Gender Social Norms Index — UNDP
6. Gender Vulnerability Index — Plan India.
#similar_but_different
2. Gender Parity Index — UNESCO.
3. World's Women Report — UNDESA.
4. Gender Inequality Index — UNDP.
5. Gender Social Norms Index — UNDP
6. Gender Vulnerability Index — Plan India.
#similar_but_different
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1. World Intellectual Property Report — World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
2. International Intellectual Property Index — US Chamber of Commerce.
3. Global Innovation Index — Cornell University, INSEAD & WIPO
#similar_but_different
2. International Intellectual Property Index — US Chamber of Commerce.
3. Global Innovation Index — Cornell University, INSEAD & WIPO
#similar_but_different
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State of the World's Trees Report — Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).
Global Forest Watch Report — World Resource Institute.
Global Forest Goals Report 2021 — UNDESA.
Global Forest Resources Assessment Report — FAO.
Global Assessment of Forest Biodiversity — WWFN
#similar_but_different
Global Forest Watch Report — World Resource Institute.
Global Forest Goals Report 2021 — UNDESA.
Global Forest Resources Assessment Report — FAO.
Global Assessment of Forest Biodiversity — WWFN
#similar_but_different
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Food Waste Index Report - UNEP.
Global Food Loss Index (GFLI) Report - FAO
Global Food Price Index — FAO
#similar_but_different
Global Food Loss Index (GFLI) Report - FAO
Global Food Price Index — FAO
#similar_but_different
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Red List — IUCN
Red Book — IAEA.
State of Democracy in the World 2020 —- EIU
Global State of Democracy Report — IID and IEA.
Good Governance Index —DAPRG & CCG.
Data Governance Quality Index — NITI Aayog.
#similar_but_different
Red Book — IAEA.
State of Democracy in the World 2020 —- EIU
Global State of Democracy Report — IID and IEA.
Good Governance Index —DAPRG & CCG.
Data Governance Quality Index — NITI Aayog.
#similar_but_different
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Now you are preparaing for?
Anonymous Poll
10%
G1 mains + G2 +G3 +DSC
29%
G1 mains + G2 + G3
4%
G2 +G3 +DSC
36%
G2+G3
18%
only G1 Mains
3%
only DSC
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Satavahanas
Gautami Putra Satakarni was the greatest king not only of all the Satavahanas but also of the entire early South Indian kings. He was the twenty-third ruler of the Satavahana empire. In the 18th year of his reign, he invaded Kshathrepas and killed his enemy ‘Nahapana’. The Jogalthambi hoard containing the coins of Nahapana restruck by Gautamiputra Satakarni, attests to his victory over the Saka.The Nasik epigraph describes him as 'Thrisamudra thoya peetha Vahana', 'Kshatriya Darpamana Mardana', Agamanilaya and Ekabrahmana'
In Gadhasapthasathi King Hala in the beginning and at the end of the work recited the glory of ‘Pashupathi’ and Gouri. The largest Shiva Linga belonging to the 2nd century A.D. was found at ‘Gudimallam’ in Chittoor district. Recent discoveries are providing interesting information about the popularity of Jainism and its 'Thirthankaras'. ‘Sheethalanatha’ the Tenth Jain Thirthankara hails from ‘Bhadrachalm’ in the Khammam district of Andhradesa (present Telangana). His grandson propagated Jainism in Andhradesha.
The epigraphs of Satavahanas contain a list of seventeen types of guilds. Among them ‘Dhammaka’, ‘Moolakara’, ‘Kolika’ (weavers) ‘Thilapisaka’, ‘Badayatrika’, ‘Blacksmith’ (Kammara) ;‘potter’ (Kularika), ‘Vadhaki’ (Carpenter), ‘Goldsmith’ (Suvarnakara), etc are very active in society
Satavahanas :Village’ stood as the base of administration. After ‘Aharam’ Village was the next unit. ‘Gramika’ or ‘Gramika’ or Gumika (Gulmika or Gowlmika) was the head of Village. The ‘Heerahadagalli epigraph’ and ‘Gadhasapthasathi’ are referring to ‘Gumika’. The ‘Gaamika’ Some times also exercised his powers in more than one village. The headship of the Village was hereditary. Collection of land revenue and maintenance of law and order in the village were the chief duties of the Gramika
The Nasik epigraph refers to different Gods and Goddesses. Rama, Kesava, Arjuna, Bhimasena, etc, the heroes of Ramayana and Mahabaratha are mentioned in it. In Gadhasapthasathi King Hala in the beginning and at the end of the work recited the glory of ‘Pashupathi’ and Gouri
According to ‘Kathavastu Sagaram’ Buddhism entered Telangana long before the commencement of the emperor Ashoka's rule. The ‘Bavari’ story in ‘Suttanipada’ is an example of this Bavari’, who has lived at ‘Kavithavana’ island on the Godavari River located in ‘Asmaka’ (Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad), Sent sixteen of his learned disciples to meet ‘Buddha’ who was at ‘Rajagraha’
Acharya Nagarjuna was the contemporary of Yagnasree Satakarni. He has been a versatile genius and scholar in many sastras. He was an expert in Buddhist philosophy. According to ‘Lankavatara Sutram’ he was born in a village named Vedali’ located in present Telangana. He founded the University of Mahayana Center at Amaravathi and Nagarjunakonda. His important works are ‘pragna paramita sastra’, Rasaratnakara, Arogyamanjari, and Suhrullekha.
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Digital Bharat Nidhi:
The Department of Telecommunications has proposed the Digital Bharat Nidhi to replace the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), aiming to improve rural telecom connectivity and address the underutilization of funds
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committees in news along with their chairpersons:
1. National Education Policy (NEP) Committee:Dr. K. Kasturirangan
2. National Committee on Vaccine Administration (NCVA): Dr. V. K. Paul
3. Committee on Agricultural Reforms: Dr. Ashok Dalwai
4. Committee on Digital Payments: Nandan Nilekani
5. Committee on Cybersecurity: Lt. Gen. (Retd) Rajesh Pant
6. Committee on Judicial Reforms: Justice B. N. Srikrishna (Retd)
7. Committee on Environmental Conservation: Dr. K. Kasturirangan
8. Committee on Urban Development: Durga Shanker Mishra
9. Committee on Healthcare Infrastructure: Dr. Vinod Paul
10. Committee on Industrial Growth Chairperson: Amitabh Kant
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India's Disease Elimination Targets and Strategies
1. Tuberculosis (TB)-Target Year: 2025
Strategy: Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), National Strategic Plan for TB Elimination, DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course), NIKSHAY (web-based TB reporting system).
2. Malaria-Target Year: 2030
Strategy: National Framework for Malaria Elimination, National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination, vector control, prompt diagnosis, and treatment.
3. HIV/AIDS-Target Year: 2030
Strategy: National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), prevention programs, antiretroviral therapy (ART), awareness campaigns.
4. Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)- Target Year: 2023
Strategy: Kala-azar Elimination Programme, vector control, case detection, and treatment.
5. Lymphatic Filariasis - Target Year: 2025
Strategy: Mass Drug Administration (MDA), Morbidity Management and Disability Prevention (MMDP).
6. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)- Target Year: Below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030
Strategy: Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), skilled birth attendance, emergency obstetric care.
7. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)- Target Year: Below 12 per 1,000 live births by 2030
Strategy: Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI), Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), immunization, newborn care.
8. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)- Target Year: Reduce premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030
Strategy: National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS), health promotion, early diagnosis, and treatment.
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Agricultural Revolutions in India
1. Green Revolution (1960s-1970s)
- Focus: Food grain production (wheat and rice)
- Key Components: HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation
- Impact: Self-sufficiency in food grains
2. White Revolution (1970s-1990s)
- Focus: Milk production (Operation Flood)
- Key Components: Cooperative dairy farming, dairy technology
- Impact: Largest milk producer globally
3. Blue Revolution (1980s-2000s)
- Focus: Fish production
- Key Components: Aquaculture, marine and inland fisheries
- Impact: Growth in fish production and export
4. Yellow Revolution (1980s-1990s)
- Focus: Oilseed production
- Key Components: HYV seeds, better agronomic practices
- Impact: Reduced dependency on edible oil imports
5. Brown Revolution (1980s-1990s)
- Focus: Cocoa and non-traditional crops
- Key Components: Sustainable practices
- Impact: Diversification of agriculture
6. Golden Revolution (1991-2000s)
- Focus: Horticulture (fruits, vegetables, flowers)
- Key Components: R&D, storage facilities
- Impact: Boost in horticultural production and export
7. Pink Revolution (1990s-present)
- Focus: Meat and poultry production
- Key Components: Breeding techniques, livestock healthcare
- Impact: Increased poultry and meat production
8. Silver Revolution (1960s-present)
- Focus: Egg production
- Key Components: Improved poultry breeds, management practices
- Impact: Significant growth in egg production
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Ikshvaku
According to the inscription of Nagarjuna Konda Abiras or Sakas disturbed the Ikshvaku rule for a decade during the reign of Ehuvala Santamula. Further Maidavolu and Manchikallu inscription of Pallavas reveals that the Narsimhavarma, the Pallava’s first king’s invasion over Vijapuri led to the end of Ikshvaku rule.
As the coins of the Ikshvakus are found at Nagarjunakonda, Phanigiri, Nelakondapalli, Vaddemanu (Mahaboobnagar District), and Yeleswaram (Nalgonda District). It could be said that their kingdom extended to these areas. Whereas Satavahana coins are found extensively, Ikshvaku coins are found in a limited manner. The latter did not issue gold and silver coins
Vasishtiputra Santamula was the founder of the independent Ikshvaku Kingdom. He ruled for 13 years with the capital of Vijayapuri, it is revealed through his inscription issued by him in his reign of 13th year. The First Ruler of Ikshvakus followed the Vedic religion, the second ruler followed Buddhism, and the third ruler followed both Shaivism and Buddhism. Lion was the royal emblem of the Ikshvakus.
Even though Prakrit was the official language during the time of Ikshvakus. However, From Ehuvala Santamula period the Sanskrit Language received royal patronage. Kings donated villages and land to Vedic scholars. During this period Dhanyakatakam (Amaravati) and Nagarjuna Konda became famous educational centers and attracted scholars from outside countries.
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