🐍 PYTHON – DAY 32 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Special (Magic / Dunder) Methods

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📌 What are Magic (Dunder) Methods?

Magic methods are special methods that start and end with double underscores:

Example:
init
str
len

They allow us to define behavior for built-in operations.
“Dunder” = Double Under ( __ )

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🔹 init Method
Constructor method
Automatically called when object is created.

Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
s1 = Student("Rahul")

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🔹 str Method

Used to define what gets printed when we print an object.

Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
def str(self):
return f"Student Name: {self.name}"
s1 = Student("Amit")
print(s1)
Without str → It prints object memory address
With str → Custom readable output ✅

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🔹 len Method
Defines behavior for len() function.

Example:
class MyList:
def init(self, items):
self.items = items
def len(self):
return len(self.items)
obj = MyList([1,2,3,4])
print(len(obj))

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🔹 Operator Overloading using Magic Methods

Example: add
class Number:
def init(self, value):
self.value = value
def add(self, other):
return self.value + other.value
n1 = Number(5)
n2 = Number(10)
print(n1 + n2)

Now + works for custom objects 🔥

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🔹 Common Magic Methods

✔ init → Constructor
✔ str → String representation
✔ len → Length
✔ add → Addition
✔ sub → Subtraction
✔ mul → Multiplication
✔ eq → Equality

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 32

✔ Create class Book
✔ Implement str
✔ Overload + operator
✔ Try implementing len

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🎯 Day 32 Goal
✔ Understand dunder methods
✔ Customize built-in operations
✔ Practice operator overloading

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📅 Next Topic – Day 33
🔥 Exception Handling in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 33 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Exception Handling in Python

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📌 What is Exception?
An exception is an error that occurs during program execution.

Examples:
❌ Division by zero
❌ Invalid input
❌ File not found
Without handling → Program crashes
With handling → Program continues safely ✅

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🔹 Basic try-except Syntax

try:
risky code
except:
handle error

Example:
try:
num = 10 / 0
except:
print("Error occurred!")

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🔹 Handling Specific Exceptions

try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
print(10 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")

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🔹 Using else Block
Runs if no exception occurs.

try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
else:
print("You entered:", num)

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🔹 Using finally Block
Always executes (whether error occurs or not).

try:
print(10 / 2)
except:
print("Error")
finally:
print("Execution completed")

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🔹 Raising Custom Exception
We can create our own error using raise.

Example:
age = 15
if age < 18:
raise ValueError("Age must be 18 or above")

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🔹 Creating Custom Exception Class

class MyError(Exception):
pass
raise MyError("Custom error occurred")

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🧠 Why Exception Handling is Important?

✔ Prevent program crash
✔ Improve user experience
✔ Handle unexpected situations
✔ Make code professional

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 33

✔ Handle ZeroDivisionError
✔ Handle ValueError
✔ Use finally block
✔ Create custom exception

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🎯 Day 33 Goal
✔ Understand try-except
✔ Handle multiple exceptions
✔ Create custom errors

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📅 Next Topic – Day 34
🔥 File Handling in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 34 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: File Handling in Python

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📌 What is File Handling?

File handling allows us to create, read, write, and update files.
✔ Store data permanently
✔ Read existing data
✔ Modify data

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🔹 Opening a File

Syntax:
file = open("filename.txt", "mode")

Modes:
"r" → Read
"w" → Write (overwrites file)
"a" → Append
"x" → Create new file
"rb" → Read binary

Example:
file = open("demo.txt", "r")

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🔹 Reading a File

file = open("demo.txt", "r")
print(file.read())
file.close()
Other read methods:
file.readline()
file.readlines()

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🔹 Writing to a File

file = open("demo.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello Python")
file.close()

⚠ "w" mode overwrites existing data.

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🔹 Appending to a File

file = open("demo.txt", "a")
file.write("\nNew Line Added")
file.close()

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🔹 Using with Statement (Best Practice)

Automatically closes file.
with open("demo.txt", "r") as file:
data = file.read()
print(data)
No need to call close() ✅

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🔹 Checking if File Exists

import os
if os.path.exists("demo.txt"):
print("File exists")
else:
print("File not found")

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🧠 Why File Handling is Important?

✔ Store user data
✔ Save reports
✔ Manage logs
✔ Work with databases & APIs

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 34

✔ Create a file
✔ Write your name into file
✔ Append new line
✔ Read entire file
✔ Use with statement

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🎯 Day 34 Goal
✔ Understand file modes
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Use with statement

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📅 Next Topic – Day 35
🔥 Working with CSV Files
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 35 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Working with CSV Files in Python

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📌 What is a CSV File?

CSV = Comma Separated Values
Used to store tabular data like:
✔ Excel data
✔ Student records
✔ Sales reports

Example CSV file:
name,age,city
Rahul,22,Pune
Amit,21,Mumbai

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🔹 Importing CSV Module

Python provides built-in module:
import csv

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🔹 Reading CSV File

import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)
Each row is returned as a list.

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🔹 Writing to CSV File

import csv
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Name", "Age", "City"])
writer.writerow(["Soham", 20, "Pune"])

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🔹 Appending Data to CSV

with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Amit", 22, "Mumbai"])

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🔹 Using DictReader (Advanced Reading)

import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row["Name"], row["City"])
Reads CSV as dictionary 🔥

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🔹 Using DictWriter

with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
fieldnames = ["Name", "Age"]
writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerow({"Name": "Rahul", "Age": 22})

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🧠 Why CSV is Important?

✔ Used in Data Science
✔ Used in Excel integration
✔ Used in reporting systems
✔ Used in real-world projects

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 35

✔ Create student.csv file
✔ Add 5 student records
✔ Read and print specific column
✔ Use DictReader

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🎯 Day 35 Goal
✔ Understand CSV module
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Work with structured data

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📅 Next Topic – Day 36
🔥 Working with JSON in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 36 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Working with JSON in Python

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📌 What is JSON?

JSON = JavaScript Object Notation
✔ Lightweight data format
✔ Used in APIs
✔ Used in Web & Mobile Apps
✔ Human readable

Example JSON:
{ "name": "Soham", "age": 20, "city": "Pune" }

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🔹 Import JSON Module

Python provides built-in module:
import json

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🔹 Convert Python → JSON (Serialization)

import json
data = { "name": "Rahul", "age": 22 }
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print(json_data)
dumps() → Convert dictionary to JSON string

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🔹 Convert JSON → Python (Deserialization)

import json
json_string = '{"name": "Amit", "age": 21}'
data = json.loads(json_string)
print(data["name"])
loads() → Convert JSON string to dictionary

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🔹 Writing JSON to File

import json
data = {"name": "Soham", "age": 20}
with open("data.json", "w") as file:
json.dump(data, file)
dump() → Write JSON to file

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🔹 Reading JSON from File

import json
with open("data.json", "r") as file:
data = json.load(file)
print(data)
load() → Read JSON from file

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🔹 Pretty Printing JSON

print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
indent → Makes JSON readable

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🧠 Why JSON is Important?

✔ Used in REST APIs
✔ Used in Web Development
✔ Used in Data Exchange
✔ Used in Backend Systems

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 36

✔ Create dictionary
✔ Convert to JSON
✔ Save in file
✔ Read from file
✔ Pretty print output

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🎯 Day 36 Goal
✔ Understand serialization & deserialization
✔ Work with JSON files
✔ Prepare for API integration

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📅 Next Topic – Day 37
🔥 Modules & Packages in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 37 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Modules & Packages in Python

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📌 What is a Module?

A module is a Python file (.py) containing functions, variables, or classes.

✔ Helps organize code
✔ Enables code reuse
✔ Improves readability

Example:
math.py → custom module

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🔹 Using Built-in Modules

Python provides many built-in modules:
✔ math
✔ random
✔ datetime
✔ os
✔ sys

Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
print(math.pi)

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🔹 Importing Specific Function
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(25))

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🔹 Import with Alias
import math as m
print(m.pi)

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🔹 Creating Your Own Module

Step 1: Create file mymodule.py
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)

Step 2: Use it in another file
import mymodule
mymodule.greet("Soham")

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📦 What is a Package?

A package is a folder containing multiple modules.
It must contain a special file:
init.py

Example structure:

mypackage/
│── init.py
│── module1.py
│── module2.py

Import example:
from mypackage import module1

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🔹 Using name Variable

Every Python file has a special variable:
print(name)
If file is run directly → main
If imported → module name

Example:
if name == "main":
print("Run directly")

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🧠 Why Modules & Packages?

✔ Large project management
✔ Code reusability
✔ Professional coding practice
✔ Used in real-world applications

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 37

✔ Use math module
✔ Create custom module
✔ Import with alias
✔ Create simple package

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🎯 Day 37 Goal
✔ Understand modular programming
✔ Create and use custom modules
✔ Understand package structure

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📅 Next Topic – Day 38
🔥 Virtual Environment & pip
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 38 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Virtual Environment & pip

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📌 What is pip?

pip is Python’s package manager.

It is used to:
✔ Install packages
✔ Upgrade packages
✔ Remove packages
✔ Manage project dependencies
Check pip version:
pip --version

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🔹 Installing a Package

Example:
pip install requests
Install specific version:
pip install requests==2.31.0

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🔹 Upgrading a Package

pip install --upgrade requests

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🔹 Uninstalling a Package

pip uninstall requests

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📦 What is Virtual Environment?

A virtual environment creates an isolated Python environment for each project.

Why important?

✔ Avoid version conflicts
✔ Separate project dependencies
✔ Professional development practice

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🔹 Creating Virtual Environment

Step 1:
python -m venv myenv

Step 2: Activate it
Windows:
myenv\Scripts\activate
Mac/Linux:
source myenv/bin/activate
After activation → (myenv) will appear in terminal ✅

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🔹 Deactivating Virtual Environment
deactivate

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🔹 requirements.txt File
Used to store project dependencies.

Create file:
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Install from file:
pip install -r requirements.txt

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🧠 Why This is Important?

✔ Used in real-world projects
✔ Required in Django/Flask
✔ Required for deployment
✔ Used in teamwork

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 38

✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Install any package
✔ Freeze requirements
✔ Deactivate environment

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🎯 Day 38 Goal
✔ Understand pip
✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Manage dependencies professionally

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📅 Next Topic – Day 39
🔥 Introduction to Web Requests & APIs
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 39 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Introduction to Web Requests & APIs

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📌 What is an API?

API = Application Programming Interface
It allows applications to communicate with each other.

Example:
✔ Weather App → Gets data from weather

API
✔ Payment App → Connects to bank server
✔ Instagram → Connects to backend server

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🌐 What is HTTP Request?

When your program communicates with a server, it sends:
✔ GET → Fetch data
✔ POST → Send data
✔ PUT → Update data
✔ DELETE → Remove data

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📦 Using requests Library

First install:
pip install requests
Then import:
import requests

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🔹 Making a GET Request

import requests
response = requests.get("https://api.github.com�")
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)

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🔹 Getting JSON Response

import requests
response = requests.get("https://api.github.com�")
data = response.json()
print(data)
.json() converts response into dictionary 🔥

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🔹 Making a POST Request

import requests
data = {"name": "Soham"}
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post�", json=data)
print(response.json())

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🔹 Checking Response Status

200 → Success ✅
404 → Not Found ❌
500 → Server Error ⚠

Example:
if response.status_code == 200:
print("Request successful")

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🧠 Why APIs Are Important?

✔ Used in Web Development
✔ Used in Mobile Apps
✔ Used in Automation
✔ Used in Data Science

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 39

✔ Install requests
✔ Make GET request
✔ Print JSON response
✔ Check status code
✔ Try POST request

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🎯 Day 39 Goal
✔ Understand API concept
✔ Make HTTP requests
✔ Work with JSON responses aa

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📅 Next Topic – Day 40
🔥 Mini Project – Weather App using API
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 40 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Mini Project: Weather App using API

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 Project Goal

Create a simple Weather App that:
✔ Takes city name as input
✔ Fetches weather data from API
✔ Displays temperature & condition

Real-world concept:
API Integration + JSON Handling + User Input

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🌐 Step 1: Install Required Library

pip install requests

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🔑 Step 2: Get API Key

You can use free weather API like:
https://openweathermap.org⁠�
(Create free account → Generate API key)

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🧠 Step 3: Basic Weather App Code

import requests
api_key = "YOUR_API_KEY"
city = input("Enter city name: ")
url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}&units=metric"
response = requests.get(url)
data = response.json()
if response.status_code == 200:
temp = data["main"]["temp"]
desc = data["weather"][0]["description"]
print("City:", city)
print("Temperature:", temp, "°C")
print("Condition:", desc)
else:
print("City not found ❌")

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📊 How It Works?

✔ User enters city
✔ API sends request
✔ Server returns JSON
✔ Python extracts temperature & description

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🔐 Error Handling Improvement

Add try-except:
try:
response = requests.get(url)
data = response.json()
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)

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🎨 Bonus Improvements

✔ Add emoji based on weather ☀🌧❄
✔ Use formatted output
✔ Add loop for multiple searches
✔ Add GUI using Tkinter

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📝 Practice Tasks – Day 40

✔ Create weather app
✔ Handle invalid city
✔ Add loop option
✔ Improve output formatting

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🎯 Day 40 Goal
✔ Integrate API
✔ Handle JSON
✔ Build mini project

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📅 Next Topic – Day 41
🔥 Introduction to Tkinter (GUI Programming)
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 41 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Introduction to Tkinter (GUI Programming)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📌 What is Tkinter?

Tkinter is Python’s built-in GUI (Graphical User Interface) library.

It allows you to create:
✔ Desktop Applications
✔ Forms
✔ Buttons & Labels
✔ Mini Software Projects

No installation required ✅ (Built-in with Python)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🖥️ Creating First GUI Window

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("My First App")
root.geometry("400x300")
root.mainloop()
This creates a simple window 🔥

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🔹 Adding a Label

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello Python GUI")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

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🔹 Adding a Button

import tkinter as tk
def click():
print("Button Clicked!")
root = tk.Tk()
btn = tk.Button(root, text="Click Me", command=click)
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

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🔹 Adding Entry (Input Box)

import tkinter as tk
def show():
print(entry.get())
root = tk.Tk()
entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack()
btn = tk.Button(root, text="Submit", command=show)
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

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📐 Layout Methods

✔ pack() → Simple layout
✔ grid() → Table layout
✔ place() → Custom position

Example (grid):
label.grid(row=0, column=0)

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🧠 Why Tkinter?

✔ Build Desktop Apps
✔ Create Login Forms
✔ Build Calculator
✔ Create Management Systems

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📝 Practice Tasks – Day 41

✔ Create window
✔ Add label
✔ Add button
✔ Take user input
✔ Try grid layout

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🎯 Day 41 Goal
✔ Create basic GUI
✔ Add widgets
✔ Understand event handling

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📅 Next Topic – Day 42
🔥 Building Calculator using Tkinter
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 42 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Mini Project: Calculator using Tkinter
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📌 Project Goal

Create a simple calculator that:
✔ Takes two numbers
✔ Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
✔ Displays result on screen
Concepts Used:
✔ Tkinter GUI
✔ Functions
✔ Event Handling

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🖥️ Basic Calculator Code

import tkinter as tk
def calculate(operation):
num1 = float(entry1.get())
num2 = float(entry2.get())
if operation == "+":
result = num1 + num2
elif operation == "-":
result = num1 - num2
elif operation == "*":
result = num1 * num2
elif operation == "/":
result = num1 / num2

result_label.config(text="Result: " + str(result))
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
root.geometry("300x250")
tk.Label(root, text="Enter First Number").pack()
entry1 = tk.Entry(root)
entry1.pack()
tk.Label(root, text="Enter Second Number").pack()
entry2 = tk.Entry(root)
entry2.pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Add", command=lambda: calculate("+")).pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Subtract", command=lambda: calculate("-")).pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Multiply", command=lambda: calculate("*")).pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Divide", command=lambda: calculate("/")).pack()
result_label = tk.Label(root, text="Result: ")
result_label.pack()
root.mainloop()

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⚠ Improvement: Add Error Handling

Add try-except inside calculate():
try:
num1 = float(entry1.get())
num2 = float(entry2.get())
except ValueError:
result_label.config(text="Invalid Input ❌")

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🎨 Bonus Improvements

✔ Add clear button
✔ Use grid layout
✔ Add better UI design
✔ Add keyboard support

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📝 Practice Tasks – Day 42

✔ Build calculator
✔ Add error handling
✔ Improve UI
✔ Add clear button

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🎯 Day 42 Goal
✔ Build complete GUI project
✔ Use functions with buttons
✔ Handle user input errors

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📅 Next Topic – Day 43
🔥 Introduction to SQLite Database in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 43 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Introduction to SQLite Database in Python
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📌 What is SQLite?

SQLite is a lightweight database that is stored in a single file.

✔ No server required
✔ Built into Python
✔ Perfect for small applications
Used in:
📱 Mobile apps
💻 Desktop apps
🧠 Prototyping databases

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🔹 Import SQLite Module

SQLite comes built-in with Python.
import sqlite3

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🔹 Creating a Database

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
print("Database created successfully")
This creates a file student.db

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🔹 Creating a Table

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(""" CREATE TABLE student( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER ) """)
conn.commit()
conn.close()

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🔹 Inserting Data

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO student VALUES(1,'Soham',20)")
conn.commit()
conn.close()

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🔹 Reading Data

conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM student")
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print(row)

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🔹 Updating Data
cursor.execute( "UPDATE student SET age=21 WHERE id=1"

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🔹 Deleting Data
cursor.execute( "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=1" )

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🧠 Why SQLite is Useful?

✔ Build small database applications
✔ Store app data locally
✔ Practice SQL with Python

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 43

✔ Create database file
✔ Create student table
✔ Insert 3 records
✔ Display all records
✔ Update a record

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🎯 Day 43 Goal
✔ Connect Python with database
✔ Perform CRUD operations
✔ Understand cursor & commit

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📅 Next Topic – Day 44
🔥 Building Student Management System with SQLite
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 44 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Mini Project: Student Management System using SQLite

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📌 Project Goal

Create a simple Student Management System that can:
✔ Add student record
✔ View student records
✔ Update student details
✔ Delete student record
Concepts Used:
✔ SQLite Database
✔ CRUD Operations
✔ Python Functions

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🗄 Step 1: Create Database & Table

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(""" CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER, course TEXT ) """)
conn.commit()

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➕ Step 2: Insert Student Data

def add_student(id, name, age, course):
cursor.execute( "INSERT INTO student VALUES(?,?,?,?)", (id, name, age, course) )
conn.commit()
Example:
add_student(1,"Soham",20,"Python")

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📋 Step 3: View Students

def view_students():
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM student")
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print(row)

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✏ Step 4: Update Student

def update_student(id, age):
cursor.execute( "UPDATE student SET age=? WHERE id=?", (age,id) )
conn.commit()

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❌ Step 5: Delete Student

def delete_student(id):
cursor.execute( "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?", (id,) )
conn.commit()

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🧠 How the System Works?

1️⃣ User adds student
2️⃣ Data stored in database
3️⃣ User can view/update/delete records
Real-world concept:
✔ Database CRUD operations

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🎨 Bonus Improvements

✔ Add menu system
✔ Add input validation
✔ Connect with Tkinter GUI
✔ Export data to CSV

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 44

✔ Create student database
✔ Insert 5 students
✔ Display all records
✔ Update one record
✔ Delete one record

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🎯 Day 44 Goal
✔ Build database project
✔ Understand CRUD operations
✔ Use SQLite with Python

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📅 Next Topic – Day 45
🔥 Web Scraping using Python (BeautifulSoup)
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 45 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Web Scraping using Python (BeautifulSoup)

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📌 What is Web Scraping?

Web scraping means extracting data from websites automatically using code.
Used for:
✔ Data collection
✔ Price tracking
✔ News aggregation
✔ Market research

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📦 Required Libraries

Install libraries:
pip install requests
pip install beautifulsoup4
Import in Python:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

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🌐 Step 1: Get Website HTML

import requests
url = "https://example.com⁠�"
response = requests.get(url)
html = response.text
print(html)
This fetches the HTML source of the webpage.

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🔎 Step 2: Parse HTML using BeautifulSoup

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
print(soup.title)
Extracts the title of the webpage.

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🔹 Extract Specific Data

Example: Get all headings
for heading in soup.find_all("h1"):
print(heading.text)

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🔹 Extract Links from Page

for link in soup.find_all("a"):
print(link.get("href"))

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🔹 Extract Paragraph Text

for p in soup.find_all("p"):
print(p.text)

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⚠ Important Note

Always check a website’s robots.txt before scraping.
Some websites do not allow scraping.

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🧠 Real-world Uses of Web Scraping

✔ Job listing collectors
✔ Product price trackers
✔ News aggregators
✔ Social media analysis

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 45

✔ Fetch website HTML
✔ Extract title
✔ Extract all links
✔ Extract paragraph text

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🎯 Day 45 Goal
✔ Understand web scraping concept
✔ Use BeautifulSoup
✔ Extract structured data

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📅 Next Topic – Day 46
🔥 Automating Tasks with Python (Automation Scripts)
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PYTHON – DAY 46 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Automating Tasks with Python

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📌 What is Automation?

Automation means using code to perform repetitive tasks automatically.
Instead of doing work manually, Python can do it faster and automatically.

Examples:
✔ Renaming multiple files
✔ Sending emails automatically
✔ Data backup scripts
✔ Auto downloading files

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📦 Useful Python Modules for Automation

✔ os → File operations
✔ shutil → File moving/copying
✔ schedule → Task scheduling
✔ smtplib → Email automation
✔ pyautogui → Keyboard & mouse automation

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📁 Example 1: List Files in Folder

import os
files = os.listdir()
for file in files:
print(file)
Shows all files in the current directory.

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✏ Example 2: Rename Multiple Files

import os
files = os.listdir()
for i, file in enumerate(files):
os.rename(file, f"file_{i}.txt")
This renames files automatically 🔥

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📂 Example 3: Copy Files Automatically

import shutil
shutil.copy("source.txt", "backup.txt")
Used for file backup automation.

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⏰ Example 4: Schedule Tasks

Install schedule library:
pip install schedule
Example:
import schedule
import time
def job():
print("Task executed")
schedule.every(5).seconds.do(job)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)
Runs task every 5 seconds.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🧠 Real-world Automation Examples

✔ Auto email sender
✔ Auto report generator
✔ File organizer
✔ Social media automation

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 46

✔ List files in directory
✔ Rename files automatically
✔ Copy file backup
✔ Schedule a task

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🎯 Day 46 Goal
✔ Understand automation concept
✔ Use OS & file modules
✔ Create simple automation scripts

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📅 Next Topic – Day 47
🔥 Sending Emails using Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 47 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Sending Emails using Python

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

📌 Why Send Emails with Python?

Python can automate email tasks like:
✔ Sending notifications
✔ Sending reports automatically
✔ Sending OTP messages
✔ Marketing email automation

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📦 Required Module

Python provides built-in module:
smtplib
Used to send emails using SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).

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📧 Basic Email Sending Example

import smtplib
sender = "your_email@gmail.com"
receiver = "receiver_email@gmail.com"
password = "your_app_password"
message = "Hello! This email was sent using Python."
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
server.starttls()
server.login(sender, password)
server.sendmail(sender, receiver, message)
server.quit()
print("Email Sent Successfully ✅")

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

🔐 Important: Use App Password

For Gmail you must use App Password, not your main password.

Steps:
1️⃣ Go to Google Account
2️⃣ Security → App Passwords
3️⃣ Generate password for Mail
4️⃣ Use that password in Python

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📄 Sending Email with Subject

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
message = MIMEText("Hello from Python!")
message["Subject"] = "Python Email Test"
message["From"] = sender
message["To"] = receiver

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📎 Sending Email with Attachment (Concept)

Modules used:
✔ email
✔ smtplib
✔ MIMEBase

This allows sending:
📄 PDFs
📷 Images
📊 Reports

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🧠 Real-world Uses

✔ Daily report email automation
✔ Alert systems
✔ Customer notifications
✔ Password reset emails

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 47

✔ Send simple email
✔ Add subject line
✔ Send email to yourself
✔ Try adding attachment

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🎯 Day 47 Goal
✔ Understand SMTP
✔ Send email using Python
✔ Learn email automation basics

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📅 Next Topic – Day 48
🔥 Multithreading in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 48 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Multithreading in Python

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📌 What is Multithreading?

Multithreading allows a program to run multiple tasks at the same time.
Instead of executing tasks one by one, Python can run them concurrently.

Example:
✔ Download multiple files simultaneously
✔ Handle multiple users in a server
✔ Perform background tasks

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⚡ Thread vs Process

Thread → Lightweight task inside a program
Process → Independent running program
Multithreading helps improve performance for many tasks.

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📦 Threading Module

Python provides built-in module:
import threading

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🔹 Creating a Thread

import threading
def task():
print("Thread is running")
t = threading.Thread(target=task)
t.start()
This starts a new thread.

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🔹 Running Multiple Threads

import threading
def task():
print("Thread executed")
t1 = threading.Thread(target=task)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=task)
t1.start()
t2.start()
Both tasks run simultaneously 🔥

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🔹 Using join()

join() makes main program wait for thread to finish.

t1.start()
t1.join()
print("Thread finished")

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🔹 Example with Delay

import threading
import time
def task():
print("Task started")
time.sleep(2)
print("Task completed")
t = threading.Thread(target=task)
t.start()
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🧠 Where Multithreading is Used?

✔ Web servers
✔ Game development
✔ File downloads
✔ Background processing

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 48

✔ Create one thread
✔ Run two threads
✔ Use join()
✔ Add delay using time.sleep()

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🎯 Day 48 Goal
✔ Understand threading concept
✔ Create and run threads
✔ Improve program efficiency

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📅 Next Topic – Day 49
🔥 Multiprocessing in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 49 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Multiprocessing in Python

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📌 What is Multiprocessing?

Multiprocessing means running multiple processes simultaneously using multiple CPU cores.

Unlike multithreading, each process runs independently.

Example:
✔ Video processing
✔ Large data analysis
✔ Machine learning tasks
✔ High-performance computing

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⚡ Thread vs Process

Thread → Runs inside same program memory
Process → Runs in separate memory space
Multiprocessing uses multiple CPU cores, making programs faster.

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📦 Multiprocessing Module

Python provides built-in module:
import multiprocessing

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🔹 Creating a Process

import multiprocessing
def task():
print("Process running")
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=task)
p.start()
This creates a new process.

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🔹 Running Multiple Processes

import multiprocessing
def task():
print("Process executed")
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task)
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task)
p1.start()
p2.start()
Both processes run in parallel 🔥

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🔹 Using join()

join() waits for process completion.
p1.start()
p1.join()
print("Process finished")

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🔹 Example with CPU Work

import multiprocessing
import time
def task():
for i in range(5):
print("Processing", i)
time.sleep(1)
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=task)
p.start()

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🧠 Where Multiprocessing is Used?

✔ Data science
✔ Machine learning
✔ Image processing
✔ Scientific computing

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 49

✔ Create a process
✔ Run two processes
✔ Use join()
✔ Add loop processing

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🎯 Day 49 Goal
✔ Understand multiprocessing concept
✔ Run parallel processes
✔ Use multiple CPU cores

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📅 Next Topic – Day 50
🔥 Logging in Python
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🐍 PYTHON – DAY 50 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Logging in Python

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📌 What is Logging?

Logging is used to record events that happen while a program runs.
Instead of using print() everywhere, developers use logging to track:

✔ Errors
✔ Warnings
✔ Debug information
✔ Application activity

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📦 Logging Module

Python provides a built-in module:
import logging

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🔹 Basic Logging Example

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logging.debug("Debug message")
logging.info("Information message")
logging.warning("Warning message")
logging.error("Error occurred")
logging.critical("Critical issue")

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📊 Logging Levels

DEBUG → Detailed information
INFO → General program events
WARNING → Something unexpected
ERROR → Program error
CRITICAL → Serious failure

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📁 Logging to a File

import logging
logging.basicConfig( filename="app.log", level=logging.INFO )
logging.info("Application started")
This creates a log file automatically.

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⏰ Logging with Time Format

import logging
logging.basicConfig( filename="app.log", level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s" )
logging.info("Program started")

Example output:
2026-03-16 21:45:22 - INFO - Program started

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🧠 Why Logging is Important?

✔ Debugging large programs
✔ Monitoring applications
✔ Tracking errors in production
✔ Maintaining software systems

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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 50

✔ Use logging instead of print
✔ Create log file
✔ Log errors and warnings
✔ Add time format

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🎯 Day 50 Goal
✔ Understand logging system
✔ Track application events
✔ Improve debugging skills

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📅 Next Topic – Day 51
🔥 Command Line Arguments in Python
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