🐍 PYTHON – DAY 21 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Revision + Practice (Week Review)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 Topics Covered (Day 1 – Day 20)
✔ Python Introduction & Installation
✔ Variables & Data Types
✔ Operators
✔ Conditional Statements
✔ while Loop & for Loop
✔ break, continue, pass
✔ Pattern Programs
✔ Functions & Arguments
✔ Recursion
✔ Strings & String Methods
✔ Lists & List Methods
✔ Tuples
✔ Sets
✔ Dictionaries & Nested Dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Quick Revision Points
🔹 Variables are dynamically typed
🔹 Indentation is mandatory in Python
🔹 Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable
🔹 Sets store unique values
🔹 Dictionaries store key-value pairs
🔹 Functions reduce code repetition
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧪 Practice Programs – Day 21
1️⃣ Check whether a number is even or odd
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
2️⃣ Find sum of elements in a list
nums = [10, 20, 30]
print(sum(nums))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
3️⃣ Reverse a string
text = input("Enter string: ")
print(text[::-1])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
4️⃣ Count frequency using dictionary
text = "python"
freq = {}
for ch in text:
freq[ch] = freq.get(ch, 0) + 1
print(freq)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ Challenge Tasks
✔ Print star pyramid
✔ Create simple calculator using functions
✔ Remove duplicates from list
✔ Store student data using dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 21 Goal
✔ Revise all fundamentals
✔ Identify weak topics
✔ Build confidence in basics
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 22
🔥 File Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Revision + Practice (Week Review)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 Topics Covered (Day 1 – Day 20)
✔ Python Introduction & Installation
✔ Variables & Data Types
✔ Operators
✔ Conditional Statements
✔ while Loop & for Loop
✔ break, continue, pass
✔ Pattern Programs
✔ Functions & Arguments
✔ Recursion
✔ Strings & String Methods
✔ Lists & List Methods
✔ Tuples
✔ Sets
✔ Dictionaries & Nested Dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Quick Revision Points
🔹 Variables are dynamically typed
🔹 Indentation is mandatory in Python
🔹 Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable
🔹 Sets store unique values
🔹 Dictionaries store key-value pairs
🔹 Functions reduce code repetition
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧪 Practice Programs – Day 21
1️⃣ Check whether a number is even or odd
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
2️⃣ Find sum of elements in a list
nums = [10, 20, 30]
print(sum(nums))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
3️⃣ Reverse a string
text = input("Enter string: ")
print(text[::-1])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
4️⃣ Count frequency using dictionary
text = "python"
freq = {}
for ch in text:
freq[ch] = freq.get(ch, 0) + 1
print(freq)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⭐ Challenge Tasks
✔ Print star pyramid
✔ Create simple calculator using functions
✔ Remove duplicates from list
✔ Store student data using dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 21 Goal
✔ Revise all fundamentals
✔ Identify weak topics
✔ Build confidence in basics
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 22
🔥 File Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 22 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: File Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is File Handling?
File handling allows Python programs to read data from files and write data to files permanently.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📂 Types of Files
✔ Text files (.txt)
✔ Binary files (.bin, .dat)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📁 Opening a File
Syntax:
file = open("filename", "mode")
Common modes:
"r" → Read
"w" → Write
"a" → Append
"x" → Create
"rb" → Read binary
"wb" → Write binary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📖 Reading from a File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "r")
print(file.read())
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✍️ Writing to a File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello Python")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
➕ Append Data to File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "a")
file.write("\nWelcome")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔒 Using with Statement
Automatically closes the file.
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
print(file.read())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 22
✔ Create a text file
✔ Write data into file
✔ Read file content
✔ Append data to file
Example Program:
with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Python File Handling")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 22 Goal
✔ Understand file operations
✔ Read & write files safely
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 23
🔥 File Methods & File Modes
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: File Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is File Handling?
File handling allows Python programs to read data from files and write data to files permanently.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📂 Types of Files
✔ Text files (.txt)
✔ Binary files (.bin, .dat)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📁 Opening a File
Syntax:
file = open("filename", "mode")
Common modes:
"r" → Read
"w" → Write
"a" → Append
"x" → Create
"rb" → Read binary
"wb" → Write binary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📖 Reading from a File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "r")
print(file.read())
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✍️ Writing to a File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello Python")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
➕ Append Data to File
Example:
file = open("data.txt", "a")
file.write("\nWelcome")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔒 Using with Statement
Automatically closes the file.
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
print(file.read())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 22
✔ Create a text file
✔ Write data into file
✔ Read file content
✔ Append data to file
Example Program:
with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Python File Handling")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 22 Goal
✔ Understand file operations
✔ Read & write files safely
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 23
🔥 File Methods & File Modes
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
Forwarded from TECH BY WEB CODER
30 Pattern In Python.pdf
5 MB
Important Web Development And Programming Language Related Project🔗
👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
Topic :- Top 30 Patterns in Python (Star, Alphabet, And Number)
👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
Topic :- Top 30 Patterns in Python (Star, Alphabet, And Number)
👍1
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 23 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: File Methods & File Modes
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 File Modes in Python
🔹 "r" – Read mode (file must exist)
🔹 "w" – Write mode (creates new / overwrites file)
🔹 "a" – Append mode (adds data at end)
🔹 "x" – Create file (error if file exists)
🔹 "r+" – Read + Write
🔹 "w+" – Write + Read
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📖 Important File Methods
🔹 read() – Reads entire file
🔹 readline() – Reads one line
🔹 readlines() – Reads all lines as list
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.readline())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✍️ Writing Multiple Lines
Example:
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(["Python\n", "Java\n", "C\n"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📍 File Cursor Position
🔹 tell() – Returns current position
🔹 seek() – Changes position
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.tell())
f.seek(0)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧹 Closing a File
🔹 close() – Closes file manually
🔹 with statement – Closes automatically (recommended)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Common File Errors
❌ FileNotFoundError
❌ PermissionError
❌ Wrong mode usage
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 23
✔ Read file line by line
✔ Write multiple lines to file
✔ Use tell() and seek()
✔ Try different file modes
Example Program:
with open("demo.txt", "w+") as f:
f.write("Hello Python")
f.seek(0)
print(f.read())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 23 Goal
✔ Master file modes
✔ Use file methods confidently
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 24
🔥 Exception Handling (try, except)
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: File Methods & File Modes
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 File Modes in Python
🔹 "r" – Read mode (file must exist)
🔹 "w" – Write mode (creates new / overwrites file)
🔹 "a" – Append mode (adds data at end)
🔹 "x" – Create file (error if file exists)
🔹 "r+" – Read + Write
🔹 "w+" – Write + Read
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📖 Important File Methods
🔹 read() – Reads entire file
🔹 readline() – Reads one line
🔹 readlines() – Reads all lines as list
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.readline())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
✍️ Writing Multiple Lines
Example:
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
f.writelines(["Python\n", "Java\n", "C\n"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📍 File Cursor Position
🔹 tell() – Returns current position
🔹 seek() – Changes position
Example:
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.tell())
f.seek(0)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧹 Closing a File
🔹 close() – Closes file manually
🔹 with statement – Closes automatically (recommended)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Common File Errors
❌ FileNotFoundError
❌ PermissionError
❌ Wrong mode usage
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 23
✔ Read file line by line
✔ Write multiple lines to file
✔ Use tell() and seek()
✔ Try different file modes
Example Program:
with open("demo.txt", "w+") as f:
f.write("Hello Python")
f.seek(0)
print(f.read())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 23 Goal
✔ Master file modes
✔ Use file methods confidently
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 24
🔥 Exception Handling (try, except)
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 24 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Exception Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is an Exception?
An exception is an error that occurs during program execution, which interrupts normal flow.
Examples:
ZeroDivisionError
ValueError
TypeError
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🛡 Why Use Exception Handling?
✔ Prevent program crash
✔ Handle errors gracefully
✔ Improve program reliability
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 try-except Block
Syntax:
try:
risky_code
except:
error_handling_code
Example:
try:
x = int(input("Enter number: "))
print(10 / x)
except:
print("Error occurred")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Specific Exceptions
Example:
try:
print(10 / 0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Multiple except Blocks
Example:
try:
x = int(input())
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Division error")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 else Block
Executes if no exception occurs.
Example:
try:
print(10 / 2)
except:
print("Error")
else:
print("Success")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 finally Block
Always executes (used for cleanup).
Example:
try:
print(10 / 2)
finally:
print("Done")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 24
✔ Handle divide by zero
✔ Handle invalid input
✔ Use else and finally
✔ Write safe calculator
Example Program:
try:
a = int(input("Enter a: "))
b = int(input("Enter b: "))
print(a / b)
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 24 Goal
✔ Handle runtime errors
✔ Write crash-free programs
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 25
🔥 User-Defined Exceptions
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Exception Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is an Exception?
An exception is an error that occurs during program execution, which interrupts normal flow.
Examples:
ZeroDivisionError
ValueError
TypeError
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🛡 Why Use Exception Handling?
✔ Prevent program crash
✔ Handle errors gracefully
✔ Improve program reliability
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 try-except Block
Syntax:
try:
risky_code
except:
error_handling_code
Example:
try:
x = int(input("Enter number: "))
print(10 / x)
except:
print("Error occurred")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Specific Exceptions
Example:
try:
print(10 / 0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Multiple except Blocks
Example:
try:
x = int(input())
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Division error")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 else Block
Executes if no exception occurs.
Example:
try:
print(10 / 2)
except:
print("Error")
else:
print("Success")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 finally Block
Always executes (used for cleanup).
Example:
try:
print(10 / 2)
finally:
print("Done")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 24
✔ Handle divide by zero
✔ Handle invalid input
✔ Use else and finally
✔ Write safe calculator
Example Program:
try:
a = int(input("Enter a: "))
b = int(input("Enter b: "))
print(a / b)
except Exception as e:
print("Error:", e)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 24 Goal
✔ Handle runtime errors
✔ Write crash-free programs
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 25
🔥 User-Defined Exceptions
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 25 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: User-Defined Exceptions
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a User-Defined Exception?
User-defined exceptions are custom errors created by programmers to handle specific situations.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧩 Why Use Custom Exceptions?
✔ Clear error messages
✔ Better control over program flow
✔ Easy debugging
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating a Custom Exception
Custom exceptions are created by inheriting from Exception class.
Example:
class AgeError(Exception):
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Raising a Custom Exception
Example:
def check_age(age):
if age < 18:
raise AgeError("Age must be 18 or above")
else:
print("Eligible")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Custom Exception
Example:
try:
check_age(16)
except AgeError as e:
print(e)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using raise Keyword
The raise keyword is used to trigger an exception manually.
Example:
raise ValueError("Invalid value")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Important Notes
• Custom exceptions should be meaningful
• Always handle raised exceptions
• Use inheritance properly
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 25
✔ Create custom exception for login failure
✔ Raise exception for invalid marks
✔ Handle custom exception using try-except
Example Program:
class MarksError(Exception):
pass
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
if marks < 0 or marks > 100:
raise MarksError("Invalid marks")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 25 Goal
✔ Understand custom exception creation
✔ Handle program-specific errors
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 26
🔥 Modules in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: User-Defined Exceptions
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a User-Defined Exception?
User-defined exceptions are custom errors created by programmers to handle specific situations.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧩 Why Use Custom Exceptions?
✔ Clear error messages
✔ Better control over program flow
✔ Easy debugging
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating a Custom Exception
Custom exceptions are created by inheriting from Exception class.
Example:
class AgeError(Exception):
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Raising a Custom Exception
Example:
def check_age(age):
if age < 18:
raise AgeError("Age must be 18 or above")
else:
print("Eligible")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Custom Exception
Example:
try:
check_age(16)
except AgeError as e:
print(e)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using raise Keyword
The raise keyword is used to trigger an exception manually.
Example:
raise ValueError("Invalid value")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Important Notes
• Custom exceptions should be meaningful
• Always handle raised exceptions
• Use inheritance properly
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 25
✔ Create custom exception for login failure
✔ Raise exception for invalid marks
✔ Handle custom exception using try-except
Example Program:
class MarksError(Exception):
pass
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
if marks < 0 or marks > 100:
raise MarksError("Invalid marks")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 25 Goal
✔ Understand custom exception creation
✔ Handle program-specific errors
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 26
🔥 Modules in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 26 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Modules in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a Module?
A module is a file containing Python code (functions, variables, classes) that can be reused in another program.
It helps in code reusability and organization.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 Importing a Module
Syntax:
import module_name
Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(25))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import Specific Function
Syntax:
from module_name import function_name
Example:
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(16))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import with Alias
Example:
import math as m
print(m.pi)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧮 Common Built-in Modules
🔹 math – Mathematical operations
🔹 random – Random number generation
🔹 datetime – Date & time handling
🔹 os – Operating system functions
Example (random):
import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🛠 Creating User-Defined Module
Step 1: Create file mymodule.py
def greet():
print("Hello from module")
Step 2: Import in another file
import mymodule
mymodule.greet()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Important Points
• Module file must be in same folder
• Avoid naming conflict with built-in modules
• Use alias for shorter names
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 26
✔ Use math module
✔ Generate random number
✔ Create your own module
✔ Import specific function
Example Program:
from random import randint
print(randint(1, 100))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 26 Goal
✔ Understand module usage
✔ Create reusable code files
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 27
🔥 OOP – Class & Object
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Modules in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a Module?
A module is a file containing Python code (functions, variables, classes) that can be reused in another program.
It helps in code reusability and organization.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 Importing a Module
Syntax:
import module_name
Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(25))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import Specific Function
Syntax:
from module_name import function_name
Example:
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(16))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import with Alias
Example:
import math as m
print(m.pi)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧮 Common Built-in Modules
🔹 math – Mathematical operations
🔹 random – Random number generation
🔹 datetime – Date & time handling
🔹 os – Operating system functions
Example (random):
import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🛠 Creating User-Defined Module
Step 1: Create file mymodule.py
def greet():
print("Hello from module")
Step 2: Import in another file
import mymodule
mymodule.greet()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
⚠️ Important Points
• Module file must be in same folder
• Avoid naming conflict with built-in modules
• Use alias for shorter names
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 26
✔ Use math module
✔ Generate random number
✔ Create your own module
✔ Import specific function
Example Program:
from random import randint
print(randint(1, 100))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 26 Goal
✔ Understand module usage
✔ Create reusable code files
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 27
🔥 OOP – Class & Object
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 27 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Class & Object
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is OOP?
OOP (Object Oriented Programming) is a programming concept based on objects and classes.
It helps in:
✔ Code reusability
✔ Data security
✔ Real-world modeling
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🏷 What is a Class?
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
Syntax:
class ClassName:
pass
Example:
class Student:
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👤 What is an Object?
An object is an instance of a class.
Example:
s1 = Student()
Here, s1 is an object.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Class with Attributes
Example:
class Student:
name = "Soham"
age = 20
obj = Student()
print(obj.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 init Constructor Method
Used to initialize object data.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
s1 = Student("Rahul", 22)
print(s1.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Instance Method
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
def greet(self):
print("Hello", self.name)
s1 = Student("Amit")
s1.greet()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Understanding self Keyword
• self refers to the current object
• It must be the first parameter in class methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 27
✔ Create class Car with attributes
✔ Create object of Car
✔ Use constructor
✔ Create method inside class
Example Program:
class Car:
def init(self, brand):
self.brand = brand
def show(self):
print("Brand:", self.brand)
c1 = Car("BMW")
c1.show()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 27 Goal
✔ Understand class & object
✔ Use constructor and methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 28
🔥 OOP – Encapsulation
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Class & Object
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is OOP?
OOP (Object Oriented Programming) is a programming concept based on objects and classes.
It helps in:
✔ Code reusability
✔ Data security
✔ Real-world modeling
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🏷 What is a Class?
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
Syntax:
class ClassName:
pass
Example:
class Student:
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👤 What is an Object?
An object is an instance of a class.
Example:
s1 = Student()
Here, s1 is an object.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Class with Attributes
Example:
class Student:
name = "Soham"
age = 20
obj = Student()
print(obj.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 init Constructor Method
Used to initialize object data.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
s1 = Student("Rahul", 22)
print(s1.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Instance Method
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
def greet(self):
print("Hello", self.name)
s1 = Student("Amit")
s1.greet()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Understanding self Keyword
• self refers to the current object
• It must be the first parameter in class methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 27
✔ Create class Car with attributes
✔ Create object of Car
✔ Use constructor
✔ Create method inside class
Example Program:
class Car:
def init(self, brand):
self.brand = brand
def show(self):
print("Brand:", self.brand)
c1 = Car("BMW")
c1.show()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 27 Goal
✔ Understand class & object
✔ Use constructor and methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 28
🔥 OOP – Encapsulation
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 28 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Encapsulation
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Encapsulation?
Encapsulation means binding data (variables) and methods (functions) together in a single unit (class) and restricting direct access to some data.
It helps in:
✔ Data protection
✔ Better security
✔ Controlled access
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔒 Access Modifiers in Python
Python does not have strict private/public like other languages, but it follows naming conventions:
🔹 Public → Accessible anywhere
🔹 Protected → Single underscore (_)
🔹 Private → Double underscore (__)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Public Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self.name = "Soham"
obj = Student()
print(obj.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Protected Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self._age = 20
obj = Student()
print(obj._age)
(Note: Still accessible, but should not be accessed directly)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔐 Private Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self.__marks = 85
obj = Student()
print(obj.__marks) ❌ Error
To access private variable:
print(obj._Student__marks)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Getter and Setter Methods
Used to access and modify private data safely.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self):
self.__marks = 0
def set_marks(self, m):
self.__marks = m
def get_marks(self):
return self.__marks
s1 = Student()
s1.set_marks(90)
print(s1.get_marks())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 28
✔ Create class with private variable
✔ Create getter & setter
✔ Try accessing private variable directly
✔ Understand name mangling
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 28 Goal
✔ Understand data hiding
✔ Use getter & setter properly
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 29
🔥 OOP – Inheritance
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Encapsulation
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Encapsulation?
Encapsulation means binding data (variables) and methods (functions) together in a single unit (class) and restricting direct access to some data.
It helps in:
✔ Data protection
✔ Better security
✔ Controlled access
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔒 Access Modifiers in Python
Python does not have strict private/public like other languages, but it follows naming conventions:
🔹 Public → Accessible anywhere
🔹 Protected → Single underscore (_)
🔹 Private → Double underscore (__)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Public Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self.name = "Soham"
obj = Student()
print(obj.name)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Protected Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self._age = 20
obj = Student()
print(obj._age)
(Note: Still accessible, but should not be accessed directly)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔐 Private Variable Example
class Student:
def init(self):
self.__marks = 85
obj = Student()
print(obj.__marks) ❌ Error
To access private variable:
print(obj._Student__marks)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Getter and Setter Methods
Used to access and modify private data safely.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self):
self.__marks = 0
def set_marks(self, m):
self.__marks = m
def get_marks(self):
return self.__marks
s1 = Student()
s1.set_marks(90)
print(s1.get_marks())
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 28
✔ Create class with private variable
✔ Create getter & setter
✔ Try accessing private variable directly
✔ Understand name mangling
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 28 Goal
✔ Understand data hiding
✔ Use getter & setter properly
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 29
🔥 OOP – Inheritance
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 29 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Inheritance?
Inheritance allows one class to reuse the properties and methods of another class.
✔ Code Reusability
✔ Reduces redundancy
✔ Improves maintainability
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👨👦 Parent & Child Class
🔹 Parent Class → Base Class
🔹 Child Class → Derived Class
Syntax:
class Parent:
pass
class Child(Parent):
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Basic Inheritance Example
class Person:
def greet(self):
print("Hello from Parent")
class Student(Person):
pass
s1 = Student()
s1.greet() # Inherited method
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Inheritance with Constructor
class Person:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
class Student(Person):
def display(self):
print("Name:", self.name)
s1 = Student("Rahul")
s1.display()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using super() Function
Used to call parent class constructor.
class Person:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
class Student(Person):
def init(self, name, age):
super().init(name)
self.age = age
def display(self):
print(self.name, self.age)
s1 = Student("Amit", 21)
s1.display()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Types of Inheritance in Python
1️⃣ Single Inheritance
2️⃣ Multiple Inheritance
3️⃣ Multilevel Inheritance
4️⃣ Hierarchical Inheritance
5️⃣ Hybrid Inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Multilevel Inheritance Example
class A:
def methodA(self):
print("Class A")
class B(A):
def methodB(self):
print("Class B")
class C(B):
def methodC(self):
print("Class C")
obj = C()
obj.methodA()
obj.methodB()
obj.methodC()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 29
✔ Create Parent class Vehicle
✔ Create Child class Car
✔ Use super()
✔ Try multilevel inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 29 Goal
✔ Understand Parent & Child relationship
✔ Use super() correctly
✔ Practice different inheritance types
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 30
🔥 OOP – Polymorphism
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Inheritance?
Inheritance allows one class to reuse the properties and methods of another class.
✔ Code Reusability
✔ Reduces redundancy
✔ Improves maintainability
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
👨👦 Parent & Child Class
🔹 Parent Class → Base Class
🔹 Child Class → Derived Class
Syntax:
class Parent:
pass
class Child(Parent):
pass
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Basic Inheritance Example
class Person:
def greet(self):
print("Hello from Parent")
class Student(Person):
pass
s1 = Student()
s1.greet() # Inherited method
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Inheritance with Constructor
class Person:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
class Student(Person):
def display(self):
print("Name:", self.name)
s1 = Student("Rahul")
s1.display()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using super() Function
Used to call parent class constructor.
class Person:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
class Student(Person):
def init(self, name, age):
super().init(name)
self.age = age
def display(self):
print(self.name, self.age)
s1 = Student("Amit", 21)
s1.display()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Types of Inheritance in Python
1️⃣ Single Inheritance
2️⃣ Multiple Inheritance
3️⃣ Multilevel Inheritance
4️⃣ Hierarchical Inheritance
5️⃣ Hybrid Inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Multilevel Inheritance Example
class A:
def methodA(self):
print("Class A")
class B(A):
def methodB(self):
print("Class B")
class C(B):
def methodC(self):
print("Class C")
obj = C()
obj.methodA()
obj.methodB()
obj.methodC()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 29
✔ Create Parent class Vehicle
✔ Create Child class Car
✔ Use super()
✔ Try multilevel inheritance
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 29 Goal
✔ Understand Parent & Child relationship
✔ Use super() correctly
✔ Practice different inheritance types
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 30
🔥 OOP – Polymorphism
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 30 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Polymorphism
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism means “many forms”.
In Python, it allows the same function name to behave differently depending on the object.
✔ Increases flexibility
✔ Improves readability
✔ Makes code scalable
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Method Overriding (Runtime Polymorphism)
When a child class provides a different implementation of a method from the parent class.
Example:
class Animal:
def sound(self):
print("Animal makes sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Dog barks")
obj = Dog()
obj.sound()
Output:
Dog barks
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Polymorphism with Multiple Classes
class Cat:
def sound(self):
print("Meow")
class Dog:
def sound(self):
print("Bark")
def make_sound(animal):
animal.sound()
make_sound(Cat())
make_sound(Dog())
Same function → Different behavior
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Operator Overloading
Python allows operators to behave differently for different data types.
Example:
print(5 + 3) # 8
print("Hi " + "All") # Hi All
“+” works for numbers and strings differently.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Method Overloading in Python?
Python does NOT support traditional method overloading like Java.
But we can simulate it using default arguments:
class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b=0, c=0):
return a + b + c
obj = Calculator()
print(obj.add(5))
print(obj.add(5, 3))
print(obj.add(5, 3, 2))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Real Life Example
Think about a “Payment” system:
✔ Credit Card Payment
✔ UPI Payment
✔ Net Banking
All use a method like pay(), but the implementation is different.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 30
✔ Create class Shape with method area()
✔ Override area() in Circle & Rectangle
✔ Create common function to call area()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 30 Goal
✔ Understand Method Overriding
✔ Understand Dynamic Polymorphism
✔ Practice real-life examples
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 31
🔥 OOP – Abstraction
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Polymorphism
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism means “many forms”.
In Python, it allows the same function name to behave differently depending on the object.
✔ Increases flexibility
✔ Improves readability
✔ Makes code scalable
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Method Overriding (Runtime Polymorphism)
When a child class provides a different implementation of a method from the parent class.
Example:
class Animal:
def sound(self):
print("Animal makes sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Dog barks")
obj = Dog()
obj.sound()
Output:
Dog barks
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Polymorphism with Multiple Classes
class Cat:
def sound(self):
print("Meow")
class Dog:
def sound(self):
print("Bark")
def make_sound(animal):
animal.sound()
make_sound(Cat())
make_sound(Dog())
Same function → Different behavior
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Operator Overloading
Python allows operators to behave differently for different data types.
Example:
print(5 + 3) # 8
print("Hi " + "All") # Hi All
“+” works for numbers and strings differently.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Method Overloading in Python?
Python does NOT support traditional method overloading like Java.
But we can simulate it using default arguments:
class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b=0, c=0):
return a + b + c
obj = Calculator()
print(obj.add(5))
print(obj.add(5, 3))
print(obj.add(5, 3, 2))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Real Life Example
Think about a “Payment” system:
✔ Credit Card Payment
✔ UPI Payment
✔ Net Banking
All use a method like pay(), but the implementation is different.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 30
✔ Create class Shape with method area()
✔ Override area() in Circle & Rectangle
✔ Create common function to call area()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 30 Goal
✔ Understand Method Overriding
✔ Understand Dynamic Polymorphism
✔ Practice real-life examples
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 31
🔥 OOP – Abstraction
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 31 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Abstraction
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Abstraction?
Abstraction means hiding implementation details and showing only essential features.
Example in real life 🚗
You drive a car without knowing how the engine works internally.
✔ Hides complexity
✔ Improves security
✔ Focus on what, not how
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 How to Achieve Abstraction in Python?
Using the abc (Abstract Base Class) module
We import:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating an Abstract Class
Example:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sound(self):
pass
This class cannot be instantiated directly.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Implementing Abstract Method in Child Class
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sound(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Dog barks")
obj = Dog()
obj.sound()
If we don’t implement sound(), it gives error ❌
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Why Use Abstraction?
✔ To enforce method implementation
✔ To create standard structure
✔ To design scalable applications
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Real World Example
Payment System:
class Payment(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def pay(self):
pass
class UPI(Payment):
def pay(self):
print("Paid using UPI")
class Card(Payment):
def pay(self):
print("Paid using Card")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 31
✔ Create abstract class Shape
✔ Create area() abstract method
✔ Implement in Circle & Rectangle
✔ Try creating object of abstract class (see error)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 31 Goal
✔ Understand abstraction
✔ Use abc module
✔ Implement abstract methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 32
🔥 OOP – Special (Magic/Dunder) Methods
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Abstraction
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Abstraction?
Abstraction means hiding implementation details and showing only essential features.
Example in real life 🚗
You drive a car without knowing how the engine works internally.
✔ Hides complexity
✔ Improves security
✔ Focus on what, not how
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 How to Achieve Abstraction in Python?
Using the abc (Abstract Base Class) module
We import:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating an Abstract Class
Example:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sound(self):
pass
This class cannot be instantiated directly.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Implementing Abstract Method in Child Class
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def sound(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Dog barks")
obj = Dog()
obj.sound()
If we don’t implement sound(), it gives error ❌
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Why Use Abstraction?
✔ To enforce method implementation
✔ To create standard structure
✔ To design scalable applications
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Real World Example
Payment System:
class Payment(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def pay(self):
pass
class UPI(Payment):
def pay(self):
print("Paid using UPI")
class Card(Payment):
def pay(self):
print("Paid using Card")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 31
✔ Create abstract class Shape
✔ Create area() abstract method
✔ Implement in Circle & Rectangle
✔ Try creating object of abstract class (see error)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 31 Goal
✔ Understand abstraction
✔ Use abc module
✔ Implement abstract methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 32
🔥 OOP – Special (Magic/Dunder) Methods
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
Forwarded from Tech by WebCoder
🎉 ANNOUNCEMENT 🎉
🚀 TOP 10 LOGIN PAGE VIDEO CHALLENGE! 🔥
HEY EVERYONE! 👋
I’m super excited to announce a brand-new Login Page Design Challenge on my YouTube channel “ TECHBYWEBCODER ”!
📅 STARTING FROM: 22 FEBRUARY 2026
🕒 1 LOGIN PAGE DESIGN EVERY DAY (FOR 10 DAYS)
📌 COVERING:
✅ HTML, CSS & JavaScript
✅ Modern & Responsive Login Pages
✅ Glassmorphism & Neumorphism UI
✅ Animated Login Forms
✅ Password Show/Hide Feature
✅ Validation & Error Messages
✅ Beginner to Advanced Designs
✅ Real Project Style Layouts
✅ Clean Code + Full Explanation
✅ Interview & Portfolio Ready Designs
Whether you’re a beginner in web development or want to improve your UI design skills, this challenge will help you master login page creation step by step.
🔔 SUBSCRIBE & TURN ON NOTIFICATIONS so you don’t miss any challenge video!
👉 https://yt.openinapp.co/nz63a
💬 Let’s build stunning login pages together and level up our web development skills — one design at a time! 💻🔥
🚀 TOP 10 LOGIN PAGE VIDEO CHALLENGE! 🔥
HEY EVERYONE! 👋
I’m super excited to announce a brand-new Login Page Design Challenge on my YouTube channel “ TECHBYWEBCODER ”!
📅 STARTING FROM: 22 FEBRUARY 2026
🕒 1 LOGIN PAGE DESIGN EVERY DAY (FOR 10 DAYS)
📌 COVERING:
✅ HTML, CSS & JavaScript
✅ Modern & Responsive Login Pages
✅ Glassmorphism & Neumorphism UI
✅ Animated Login Forms
✅ Password Show/Hide Feature
✅ Validation & Error Messages
✅ Beginner to Advanced Designs
✅ Real Project Style Layouts
✅ Clean Code + Full Explanation
✅ Interview & Portfolio Ready Designs
Whether you’re a beginner in web development or want to improve your UI design skills, this challenge will help you master login page creation step by step.
🔔 SUBSCRIBE & TURN ON NOTIFICATIONS so you don’t miss any challenge video!
👉 https://yt.openinapp.co/nz63a
💬 Let’s build stunning login pages together and level up our web development skills — one design at a time! 💻🔥
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 32 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: OOP – Special (Magic / Dunder) Methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What are Magic (Dunder) Methods?
Magic methods are special methods that start and end with double underscores:
Example:
init
str
len
They allow us to define behavior for built-in operations.
“Dunder” = Double Under ( __ )
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 init Method
Constructor method
Automatically called when object is created.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
s1 = Student("Rahul")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 str Method
Used to define what gets printed when we print an object.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
def str(self):
return f"Student Name: {self.name}"
s1 = Student("Amit")
print(s1)
Without str → It prints object memory address
With str → Custom readable output ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 len Method
Defines behavior for len() function.
Example:
class MyList:
def init(self, items):
self.items = items
def len(self):
return len(self.items)
obj = MyList([1,2,3,4])
print(len(obj))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Operator Overloading using Magic Methods
Example: add
class Number:
def init(self, value):
self.value = value
def add(self, other):
return self.value + other.value
n1 = Number(5)
n2 = Number(10)
print(n1 + n2)
Now + works for custom objects 🔥
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Common Magic Methods
✔ init → Constructor
✔ str → String representation
✔ len → Length
✔ add → Addition
✔ sub → Subtraction
✔ mul → Multiplication
✔ eq → Equality
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 32
✔ Create class Book
✔ Implement str
✔ Overload + operator
✔ Try implementing len
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 32 Goal
✔ Understand dunder methods
✔ Customize built-in operations
✔ Practice operator overloading
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 33
🔥 Exception Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: OOP – Special (Magic / Dunder) Methods
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What are Magic (Dunder) Methods?
Magic methods are special methods that start and end with double underscores:
Example:
init
str
len
They allow us to define behavior for built-in operations.
“Dunder” = Double Under ( __ )
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 init Method
Constructor method
Automatically called when object is created.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
s1 = Student("Rahul")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 str Method
Used to define what gets printed when we print an object.
Example:
class Student:
def init(self, name):
self.name = name
def str(self):
return f"Student Name: {self.name}"
s1 = Student("Amit")
print(s1)
Without str → It prints object memory address
With str → Custom readable output ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 len Method
Defines behavior for len() function.
Example:
class MyList:
def init(self, items):
self.items = items
def len(self):
return len(self.items)
obj = MyList([1,2,3,4])
print(len(obj))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Operator Overloading using Magic Methods
Example: add
class Number:
def init(self, value):
self.value = value
def add(self, other):
return self.value + other.value
n1 = Number(5)
n2 = Number(10)
print(n1 + n2)
Now + works for custom objects 🔥
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Common Magic Methods
✔ init → Constructor
✔ str → String representation
✔ len → Length
✔ add → Addition
✔ sub → Subtraction
✔ mul → Multiplication
✔ eq → Equality
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 32
✔ Create class Book
✔ Implement str
✔ Overload + operator
✔ Try implementing len
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 32 Goal
✔ Understand dunder methods
✔ Customize built-in operations
✔ Practice operator overloading
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 33
🔥 Exception Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 33 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Exception Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Exception?
An exception is an error that occurs during program execution.
Examples:
❌ Division by zero
❌ Invalid input
❌ File not found
Without handling → Program crashes
With handling → Program continues safely ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Basic try-except Syntax
try:
risky code
except:
handle error
Example:
try:
num = 10 / 0
except:
print("Error occurred!")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Specific Exceptions
try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
print(10 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using else Block
Runs if no exception occurs.
try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
else:
print("You entered:", num)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using finally Block
Always executes (whether error occurs or not).
try:
print(10 / 2)
except:
print("Error")
finally:
print("Execution completed")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Raising Custom Exception
We can create our own error using raise.
Example:
age = 15
if age < 18:
raise ValueError("Age must be 18 or above")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating Custom Exception Class
class MyError(Exception):
pass
raise MyError("Custom error occurred")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why Exception Handling is Important?
✔ Prevent program crash
✔ Improve user experience
✔ Handle unexpected situations
✔ Make code professional
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 33
✔ Handle ZeroDivisionError
✔ Handle ValueError
✔ Use finally block
✔ Create custom exception
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 33 Goal
✔ Understand try-except
✔ Handle multiple exceptions
✔ Create custom errors
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 34
🔥 File Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Exception Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is Exception?
An exception is an error that occurs during program execution.
Examples:
❌ Division by zero
❌ Invalid input
❌ File not found
Without handling → Program crashes
With handling → Program continues safely ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Basic try-except Syntax
try:
risky code
except:
handle error
Example:
try:
num = 10 / 0
except:
print("Error occurred!")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Handling Specific Exceptions
try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
print(10 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using else Block
Runs if no exception occurs.
try:
num = int(input("Enter number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
else:
print("You entered:", num)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using finally Block
Always executes (whether error occurs or not).
try:
print(10 / 2)
except:
print("Error")
finally:
print("Execution completed")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Raising Custom Exception
We can create our own error using raise.
Example:
age = 15
if age < 18:
raise ValueError("Age must be 18 or above")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating Custom Exception Class
class MyError(Exception):
pass
raise MyError("Custom error occurred")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why Exception Handling is Important?
✔ Prevent program crash
✔ Improve user experience
✔ Handle unexpected situations
✔ Make code professional
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 33
✔ Handle ZeroDivisionError
✔ Handle ValueError
✔ Use finally block
✔ Create custom exception
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 33 Goal
✔ Understand try-except
✔ Handle multiple exceptions
✔ Create custom errors
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 34
🔥 File Handling in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 34 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: File Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is File Handling?
File handling allows us to create, read, write, and update files.
✔ Store data permanently
✔ Read existing data
✔ Modify data
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Opening a File
Syntax:
file = open("filename.txt", "mode")
Modes:
"r" → Read
"w" → Write (overwrites file)
"a" → Append
"x" → Create new file
"rb" → Read binary
Example:
file = open("demo.txt", "r")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading a File
file = open("demo.txt", "r")
print(file.read())
file.close()
Other read methods:
file.readline()
file.readlines()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing to a File
file = open("demo.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello Python")
file.close()
⚠ "w" mode overwrites existing data.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Appending to a File
file = open("demo.txt", "a")
file.write("\nNew Line Added")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using with Statement (Best Practice)
Automatically closes file.
with open("demo.txt", "r") as file:
data = file.read()
print(data)
No need to call close() ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Checking if File Exists
import os
if os.path.exists("demo.txt"):
print("File exists")
else:
print("File not found")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why File Handling is Important?
✔ Store user data
✔ Save reports
✔ Manage logs
✔ Work with databases & APIs
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 34
✔ Create a file
✔ Write your name into file
✔ Append new line
✔ Read entire file
✔ Use with statement
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 34 Goal
✔ Understand file modes
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Use with statement
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 35
🔥 Working with CSV Files
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: File Handling in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is File Handling?
File handling allows us to create, read, write, and update files.
✔ Store data permanently
✔ Read existing data
✔ Modify data
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Opening a File
Syntax:
file = open("filename.txt", "mode")
Modes:
"r" → Read
"w" → Write (overwrites file)
"a" → Append
"x" → Create new file
"rb" → Read binary
Example:
file = open("demo.txt", "r")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading a File
file = open("demo.txt", "r")
print(file.read())
file.close()
Other read methods:
file.readline()
file.readlines()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing to a File
file = open("demo.txt", "w")
file.write("Hello Python")
file.close()
⚠ "w" mode overwrites existing data.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Appending to a File
file = open("demo.txt", "a")
file.write("\nNew Line Added")
file.close()
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using with Statement (Best Practice)
Automatically closes file.
with open("demo.txt", "r") as file:
data = file.read()
print(data)
No need to call close() ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Checking if File Exists
import os
if os.path.exists("demo.txt"):
print("File exists")
else:
print("File not found")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why File Handling is Important?
✔ Store user data
✔ Save reports
✔ Manage logs
✔ Work with databases & APIs
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 34
✔ Create a file
✔ Write your name into file
✔ Append new line
✔ Read entire file
✔ Use with statement
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 34 Goal
✔ Understand file modes
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Use with statement
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 35
🔥 Working with CSV Files
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 35 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Working with CSV Files in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a CSV File?
CSV = Comma Separated Values
Used to store tabular data like:
✔ Excel data
✔ Student records
✔ Sales reports
Example CSV file:
name,age,city
Rahul,22,Pune
Amit,21,Mumbai
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Importing CSV Module
Python provides built-in module:
import csv
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading CSV File
import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)
Each row is returned as a list.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing to CSV File
import csv
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Name", "Age", "City"])
writer.writerow(["Soham", 20, "Pune"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Appending Data to CSV
with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Amit", 22, "Mumbai"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using DictReader (Advanced Reading)
import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row["Name"], row["City"])
Reads CSV as dictionary 🔥
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using DictWriter
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
fieldnames = ["Name", "Age"]
writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerow({"Name": "Rahul", "Age": 22})
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why CSV is Important?
✔ Used in Data Science
✔ Used in Excel integration
✔ Used in reporting systems
✔ Used in real-world projects
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 35
✔ Create student.csv file
✔ Add 5 student records
✔ Read and print specific column
✔ Use DictReader
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 35 Goal
✔ Understand CSV module
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Work with structured data
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 36
🔥 Working with JSON in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Working with CSV Files in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a CSV File?
CSV = Comma Separated Values
Used to store tabular data like:
✔ Excel data
✔ Student records
✔ Sales reports
Example CSV file:
name,age,city
Rahul,22,Pune
Amit,21,Mumbai
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Importing CSV Module
Python provides built-in module:
import csv
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading CSV File
import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)
Each row is returned as a list.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing to CSV File
import csv
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Name", "Age", "City"])
writer.writerow(["Soham", 20, "Pune"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Appending Data to CSV
with open("data.csv", "a", newline="") as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(["Amit", 22, "Mumbai"])
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using DictReader (Advanced Reading)
import csv
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row["Name"], row["City"])
Reads CSV as dictionary 🔥
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using DictWriter
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:
fieldnames = ["Name", "Age"]
writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerow({"Name": "Rahul", "Age": 22})
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why CSV is Important?
✔ Used in Data Science
✔ Used in Excel integration
✔ Used in reporting systems
✔ Used in real-world projects
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 35
✔ Create student.csv file
✔ Add 5 student records
✔ Read and print specific column
✔ Use DictReader
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 35 Goal
✔ Understand CSV module
✔ Perform read & write operations
✔ Work with structured data
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 36
🔥 Working with JSON in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 36 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Working with JSON in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is JSON?
JSON = JavaScript Object Notation
✔ Lightweight data format
✔ Used in APIs
✔ Used in Web & Mobile Apps
✔ Human readable
Example JSON:
{ "name": "Soham", "age": 20, "city": "Pune" }
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import JSON Module
Python provides built-in module:
import json
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Convert Python → JSON (Serialization)
import json
data = { "name": "Rahul", "age": 22 }
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print(json_data)
dumps() → Convert dictionary to JSON string
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Convert JSON → Python (Deserialization)
import json
json_string = '{"name": "Amit", "age": 21}'
data = json.loads(json_string)
print(data["name"])
loads() → Convert JSON string to dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing JSON to File
import json
data = {"name": "Soham", "age": 20}
with open("data.json", "w") as file:
json.dump(data, file)
dump() → Write JSON to file
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading JSON from File
import json
with open("data.json", "r") as file:
data = json.load(file)
print(data)
load() → Read JSON from file
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Pretty Printing JSON
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
indent → Makes JSON readable
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why JSON is Important?
✔ Used in REST APIs
✔ Used in Web Development
✔ Used in Data Exchange
✔ Used in Backend Systems
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 36
✔ Create dictionary
✔ Convert to JSON
✔ Save in file
✔ Read from file
✔ Pretty print output
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 36 Goal
✔ Understand serialization & deserialization
✔ Work with JSON files
✔ Prepare for API integration
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 37
🔥 Modules & Packages in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Working with JSON in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is JSON?
JSON = JavaScript Object Notation
✔ Lightweight data format
✔ Used in APIs
✔ Used in Web & Mobile Apps
✔ Human readable
Example JSON:
{ "name": "Soham", "age": 20, "city": "Pune" }
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import JSON Module
Python provides built-in module:
import json
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Convert Python → JSON (Serialization)
import json
data = { "name": "Rahul", "age": 22 }
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print(json_data)
dumps() → Convert dictionary to JSON string
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Convert JSON → Python (Deserialization)
import json
json_string = '{"name": "Amit", "age": 21}'
data = json.loads(json_string)
print(data["name"])
loads() → Convert JSON string to dictionary
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Writing JSON to File
import json
data = {"name": "Soham", "age": 20}
with open("data.json", "w") as file:
json.dump(data, file)
dump() → Write JSON to file
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Reading JSON from File
import json
with open("data.json", "r") as file:
data = json.load(file)
print(data)
load() → Read JSON from file
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Pretty Printing JSON
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
indent → Makes JSON readable
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why JSON is Important?
✔ Used in REST APIs
✔ Used in Web Development
✔ Used in Data Exchange
✔ Used in Backend Systems
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 36
✔ Create dictionary
✔ Convert to JSON
✔ Save in file
✔ Read from file
✔ Pretty print output
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 36 Goal
✔ Understand serialization & deserialization
✔ Work with JSON files
✔ Prepare for API integration
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 37
🔥 Modules & Packages in Python
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 37 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Modules & Packages in Python
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is a Module?
A module is a Python file (.py) containing functions, variables, or classes.
✔ Helps organize code
✔ Enables code reuse
✔ Improves readability
Example:
math.py → custom module
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using Built-in Modules
Python provides many built-in modules:
✔ math
✔ random
✔ datetime
✔ os
✔ sys
Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
print(math.pi)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Importing Specific Function
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(25))
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Import with Alias
import math as m
print(m.pi)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating Your Own Module
Step 1: Create file mymodule.py
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)
Step 2: Use it in another file
import mymodule
mymodule.greet("Soham")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 What is a Package?
A package is a folder containing multiple modules.
It must contain a special file:
init.py
Example structure:
mypackage/
│── init.py
│── module1.py
│── module2.py
Import example:
from mypackage import module1
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Using name Variable
Every Python file has a special variable:
print(name)
If file is run directly → main
If imported → module name
Example:
if name == "main":
print("Run directly")
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why Modules & Packages?
✔ Large project management
✔ Code reusability
✔ Professional coding practice
✔ Used in real-world applications
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 37
✔ Use math module
✔ Create custom module
✔ Import with alias
✔ Create simple package
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 37 Goal
✔ Understand modular programming
✔ Create and use custom modules
✔ Understand package structure
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 38
🔥 Virtual Environment & pip
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Modules & Packages in Python
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📌 What is a Module?
A module is a Python file (.py) containing functions, variables, or classes.
✔ Helps organize code
✔ Enables code reuse
✔ Improves readability
Example:
math.py → custom module
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🔹 Using Built-in Modules
Python provides many built-in modules:
✔ math
✔ random
✔ datetime
✔ os
✔ sys
Example:
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
print(math.pi)
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🔹 Importing Specific Function
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(25))
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🔹 Import with Alias
import math as m
print(m.pi)
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🔹 Creating Your Own Module
Step 1: Create file mymodule.py
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)
Step 2: Use it in another file
import mymodule
mymodule.greet("Soham")
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📦 What is a Package?
A package is a folder containing multiple modules.
It must contain a special file:
init.py
Example structure:
mypackage/
│── init.py
│── module1.py
│── module2.py
Import example:
from mypackage import module1
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🔹 Using name Variable
Every Python file has a special variable:
print(name)
If file is run directly → main
If imported → module name
Example:
if name == "main":
print("Run directly")
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🧠 Why Modules & Packages?
✔ Large project management
✔ Code reusability
✔ Professional coding practice
✔ Used in real-world applications
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📝 Practice Tasks – Day 37
✔ Use math module
✔ Create custom module
✔ Import with alias
✔ Create simple package
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 37 Goal
✔ Understand modular programming
✔ Create and use custom modules
✔ Understand package structure
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 38
🔥 Virtual Environment & pip
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
🐍 PYTHON – DAY 38 STUDY MATERIAL
✨ Topic: Virtual Environment & pip
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is pip?
pip is Python’s package manager.
It is used to:
✔ Install packages
✔ Upgrade packages
✔ Remove packages
✔ Manage project dependencies
Check pip version:
pip --version
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Installing a Package
Example:
pip install requests
Install specific version:
pip install requests==2.31.0
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Upgrading a Package
pip install --upgrade requests
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Uninstalling a Package
pip uninstall requests
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 What is Virtual Environment?
A virtual environment creates an isolated Python environment for each project.
Why important?
✔ Avoid version conflicts
✔ Separate project dependencies
✔ Professional development practice
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating Virtual Environment
Step 1:
python -m venv myenv
Step 2: Activate it
Windows:
myenv\Scripts\activate
Mac/Linux:
source myenv/bin/activate
After activation → (myenv) will appear in terminal ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Deactivating Virtual Environment
deactivate
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 requirements.txt File
Used to store project dependencies.
Create file:
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Install from file:
pip install -r requirements.txt
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why This is Important?
✔ Used in real-world projects
✔ Required in Django/Flask
✔ Required for deployment
✔ Used in teamwork
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 38
✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Install any package
✔ Freeze requirements
✔ Deactivate environment
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 38 Goal
✔ Understand pip
✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Manage dependencies professionally
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 39
🔥 Introduction to Web Requests & APIs
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder
✨ Topic: Virtual Environment & pip
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📌 What is pip?
pip is Python’s package manager.
It is used to:
✔ Install packages
✔ Upgrade packages
✔ Remove packages
✔ Manage project dependencies
Check pip version:
pip --version
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Installing a Package
Example:
pip install requests
Install specific version:
pip install requests==2.31.0
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Upgrading a Package
pip install --upgrade requests
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Uninstalling a Package
pip uninstall requests
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📦 What is Virtual Environment?
A virtual environment creates an isolated Python environment for each project.
Why important?
✔ Avoid version conflicts
✔ Separate project dependencies
✔ Professional development practice
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Creating Virtual Environment
Step 1:
python -m venv myenv
Step 2: Activate it
Windows:
myenv\Scripts\activate
Mac/Linux:
source myenv/bin/activate
After activation → (myenv) will appear in terminal ✅
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 Deactivating Virtual Environment
deactivate
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🔹 requirements.txt File
Used to store project dependencies.
Create file:
pip freeze > requirements.txt
Install from file:
pip install -r requirements.txt
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🧠 Why This is Important?
✔ Used in real-world projects
✔ Required in Django/Flask
✔ Required for deployment
✔ Used in teamwork
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📝 Practice Tasks – Day 38
✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Install any package
✔ Freeze requirements
✔ Deactivate environment
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🎯 Day 38 Goal
✔ Understand pip
✔ Create virtual environment
✔ Manage dependencies professionally
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
📅 Next Topic – Day 39
🔥 Introduction to Web Requests & APIs
✨ Stay Connected | Keep Coding
🚀 TechByWebCoder