nethogs is used to monitor network traffic. You can see which processes use the most bandwidth and hogs the network.

Installtion on debian:

apt-get install nethogs

You can give the nethogs a network interface to see what's going on under the hood:

nethogs eth0

The output would something like:

PID USER       PROGRAM                                                       DEV        SENT      RECEIVED
9023 root      python                                                        eth0        6.083     175.811 KB/sec
20745 root     python                                                        eth0        2.449      45.715 KB/sec
11934 www-da.. nginx: worker process                                         eth0      131.580      20.238 KB/sec
25925 root     /usr/bin/python                                               eth0        3.674      10.090 KB/sec

When nethogs is open, you can press r in order to sort based on RECEIVED or press s to sort based on SENT packets. To change the mode that it is shown for KB/sec press m multiple times and see the output.

#network #sysadmin #linux #nethogs #nethog #network #eth0

#ebook #pdf #mobi #docker #jenkins

How to turn a dictionary into a string?

extra_data = {'iso': 'IR', 'address': 'Iran - Tehran - Azadi'}
 ' - '.join('{}:{}'.format(key, val) for key, val in extra_data.items())

The output would be:

iso:IR - address:Iran - Tehran - Azadi

NOTE: it could come in handy in case you want to store a variable dictionary structure into NO-SQL database.

#python #dictionary #string

#css #chestsheet

The PDF Version

#html #cheatsheet

https://askubuntu.com/questions/726601/nethogs-%E2%86%92-creating-socket-failed-while-establishing-local-ip-are-you-root

#nethogs #debian #linux #bug

How do you upgrade Icinga2 from a very old version?

The short answer is that you need to do an incremental upgrade on its database.

But how exactly?

apt-get update

apt-cache policy icinga2-ido-mysql

The candidate section displays what version is available for you system. Do the same for icingaweb2:

apt-cache policy icingaweb2

Upgrade these packages alltogether:

apt-get upgrade -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" -y

Update icinga2 packages:

apt-get upgrade icinga2 icinga2-bin icinga2-common icinga2-ido-mysql libicinga2
 apt-get install icinga2-bin
 apt-get install icinga2

Now check icinga2 log in tail -f /var/log/icinga2/icinga2.log, you may see errors like:

[2017-12-21 12:00:22 -0600] critical/IdoPgsqlConnection: Schema version '1.14.2' does not match the required version '1.14.3' (or newer)! Please check the upgrade documentation at https://docs.icinga.com/icinga2

Here you need to upgrade MySQL schemas, go to /usr/share/icinga2-ido-mysql/schema/upgrade path and now import new schemas to Icinga2 MySQL database. As I was in version 2.6.0 I went for 2.8.0:

mysql -u icinga2 -p icinga2 < 2.8.0.sql

It will prompt for password of user icinga2, enter the password and go on.

The content of MySQL Schemas is as follows:

2.0.2.sql  2.1.0.sql  2.2.0.sql  2.3.0.sql  2.4.0.sql  2.5.0.sql  2.6.0.sql  2.8.0.sql  2.8.1.sql

NOTE: to get the password for user icinga2 open /etc/icinga2/features-enabled/ido-mysql.conf file and get the password from here.


#linux #icinga2 #monitoring #icinga2 #icingaweb #upgrade

How to get list of network interfaces using nagios?

In nagios plugins there is a script called check_nwc_health that can be used to report network interfaces of a remote server. In order to check interface usage of remote server network cards:

cd /usr/lib/nagios/plugins
 ./check_nwc_health --mode interface-usage -H 172.17.131.12 -C YOUR_COMMUNITY_STRING

Give your host address in -H section and your community string in -C param.

#nagios #network #network_usage

The best explanation about load average:

http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2009/07/31/understanding-load-averages

#linux #load #load_average #cpu

In case your upgrade failed, try to start icinga service and in the meantime check the logs in another console:

service icinga2 start

Check logs to see what is the error:

tail -f /var/log/icinga2/icinga2.log

If it point to a specific config file, change the config as reported or in case you don't need it remove it. It happened for me on another Icinga2 server and I removed the old config and tried to apply the new schemas. It gave another error on mysql grants, I gave all permissions to the icinga2 user:

mysql -u root -p
 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON icinga2_database_name.* TO 'icinga2_username'@'localhost'
 flush privileges;

Now all things should be up and working now.

#icinga2 #monitoring #upgrade #schema_update #icinga

Generate random valid users agent for your bot crawlers in Python:

https://pypi.org/project/user_agent/

#python #user_agent #crawl #web_scraper

How to Load & Parse YAML file in Python?

To install YAML library:

pip install pyyaml

To load a YAML file:

>>> import yaml
 >>> print yaml.load("""
 ... name: Vorlin Laruknuzum
 ... sex: Male
 ... class: Priest
 ... title: Acolyte
 ... hp: [32, 71]
 ... sp: [1, 13]
 ... gold: 423
 ... inventory:
 ... - a Holy Book of Prayers (Words of Wisdom)
 ... - an Azure Potion of Cure Light Wounds
 ... - a Silver Wand of Wonder
 ... """)

To convert a dictionary to a YAML file:

>>> print yaml.dump({'name': "The Cloak 'Colluin'", 'depth': 5, 'rarity': 45, 'weight': 10, 'cost': 50000, 'flags': ['INT', 'WIS',     'SPEED', 'STEALTH']})

#python #yaml #pyyaml #load #dump

How to localize a UTC date?

import pytz
 import datetime

 date_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
 dt = datetime.datetime.strptime('2018-12-12 00:00:00', date_format)
 utc_tz = pytz.timezone('UTC')
 utc_d = utc_tz.localize(dt)
 teh_tz = pytz.timezone('Asia/Tehran')
 dt = utc_d.astimezone(teh_tz)

#localize #timezone #pytz #astimezone #replace

#ebook #download #sql #postgreql #pdf

#pdf #ebook #postgresql

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django

#django #tutorial #mozilla

ngrok something that ROCKS and is priceless!

As ngrok itself says:

Public URLs for exposing your local web server

Have you had an experience of when you need to test a tool and the 3rd party needs you to give a public accessible URL? Well, what would you do when you are developing a project on your PC, Laptop? You don't have any URL to give to 3rd party tools. Here ngrok truely rocks!

Downlaod it from the URL below:

https://ngrok.com/

And extract the download binay for your OS. In order to run the ngrok just do like below:

./ngrok http 5000

The above command will output some data and a part which is Forwarding for http and https:

Forwarding                    http://76eec0f8.ngrok.io -> localhost:5000
 Forwarding                    https://76eec0f8.ngrok.io -> localhost:5000

The URL 76eec0f8.ngrok.io is the part that you will give to the 3rd party. and all the other part of the URL path will be forwarded
to port 5000 on your local server.

Yes, I know it's like a magic.

#ngrok #port #http #ngrok_io

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23554872/why-does-pycharm-propose-to-change-method-to-static

#python #pycharm #static #staticmethod