Ethics Marks- 144- IAS Yogesh Patil Notes.pdf
2.9 MB
Note Making for Ethics by Toppers
🔰Schemes related to Food Security
1. Eat Right India Movement:
by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) for citizens to nudge them towards eating right.
2. POSHAN Abhiyaan:
- Launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2018, it targets to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls).
3. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana:
A centrally sponsored scheme executed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, is a maternity benefit programme being implemented in all districts of the country with effect from 1st January, 2017.
4. National Food Security Act, 2013:
Around 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population is to receive subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System.
5. Mission Indradhanush:
It targets children under 2 years of age and pregnant women for immunization against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD).
6. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme:
Launched on 2nd October, 1975, offers a package of six services (Supplementary Nutrition, Pre-school non-formal education, Nutrition & health education, Immunization, Health check-up and Referral services) to children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers
1. Eat Right India Movement:
by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) for citizens to nudge them towards eating right.
2. POSHAN Abhiyaan:
- Launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2018, it targets to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls).
3. Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana:
A centrally sponsored scheme executed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, is a maternity benefit programme being implemented in all districts of the country with effect from 1st January, 2017.
4. National Food Security Act, 2013:
Around 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population is to receive subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System.
5. Mission Indradhanush:
It targets children under 2 years of age and pregnant women for immunization against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD).
6. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme:
Launched on 2nd October, 1975, offers a package of six services (Supplementary Nutrition, Pre-school non-formal education, Nutrition & health education, Immunization, Health check-up and Referral services) to children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers
🔰US calls for expansion of QUAD, says grouping not intended to be exclusive
The US Deputy Secretary of State said that any nation seeking free and open Indo-Pacific, which is also willing to take steps to ensure that, should be welcome to work with the QUAD grouping.
• He said that any nation seeking free and open Indo-Pacific, which is also willing to take steps to ensure that, should be welcome to work with the QUAD grouping.
What is QUAD Grouping?
• The QUAD grouping includes four nations-
🇺🇸US,
🇮🇳India,
🇨🇰Australia and
🇯🇵Japan.
It was initiated in 2007 as a dialogue between the then Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, US Vice President Dick Cheney, Australian Prime Minister John Howard and
• Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The forum, however, had ceased to exist after a change in governments in a few of the four QUAD nations.
• The QUAD grouping was revived after discussions between the leaders of the four-member nations on the sidelines of the 2017 ASEAN Summit. The four nations agreed to revive the quad alliance amid tensions in the South China Sea, caused due to China's increased territorial ambitions.
The US Deputy Secretary of State said that any nation seeking free and open Indo-Pacific, which is also willing to take steps to ensure that, should be welcome to work with the QUAD grouping.
• He said that any nation seeking free and open Indo-Pacific, which is also willing to take steps to ensure that, should be welcome to work with the QUAD grouping.
What is QUAD Grouping?
• The QUAD grouping includes four nations-
🇺🇸US,
🇮🇳India,
🇨🇰Australia and
🇯🇵Japan.
It was initiated in 2007 as a dialogue between the then Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, US Vice President Dick Cheney, Australian Prime Minister John Howard and
• Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The forum, however, had ceased to exist after a change in governments in a few of the four QUAD nations.
• The QUAD grouping was revived after discussions between the leaders of the four-member nations on the sidelines of the 2017 ASEAN Summit. The four nations agreed to revive the quad alliance amid tensions in the South China Sea, caused due to China's increased territorial ambitions.
The 17 goals under the Sustainable Development Goals are as mentioned below:
1.End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2.End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3.Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all stages
4.Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5.Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6.Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7.Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8.Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9.Built resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation
10.Reduce inequalities within and among countries
11.Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12.Ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern
13.Take urgent actions to combat climate change and its impact
14.Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
15.Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managed forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16.Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17.Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
1.End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2.End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3.Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all stages
4.Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5.Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6.Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7.Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8.Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9.Built resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation
10.Reduce inequalities within and among countries
11.Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12.Ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern
13.Take urgent actions to combat climate change and its impact
14.Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
15.Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managed forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16.Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17.Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
The Labour and Employment Ministry on Thursday revised the base year of the Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) from 2001 to 2016.
▪️Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• It measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
• Released monthly by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under the MoSPI
• There are four types of CPI:
a) CPI-IW (Industrial Worker),
b) CPI-UNME (Ur Non-Manual Employees),
c) CPI-AL (Agricultural Labourers) and
d) CPI-RL (Rural Labourers)
• RBI has adopted CPI as the key measure for determining inflation situation of Indian economy on the recommendation of Urjit Patel Committee.
▪️Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• It measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
• Released monthly by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under the MoSPI
• There are four types of CPI:
a) CPI-IW (Industrial Worker),
b) CPI-UNME (Ur Non-Manual Employees),
c) CPI-AL (Agricultural Labourers) and
d) CPI-RL (Rural Labourers)
• RBI has adopted CPI as the key measure for determining inflation situation of Indian economy on the recommendation of Urjit Patel Committee.
✅Guidelines for declaring a language as ‘Classical’ are:
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years.
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4. The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years.
2. A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4. The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
✅NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)
➢ The NATO is an Intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic
Treaty signed in April 1949
➢ It consists of 28 independent member countries across North America and Europe
➢ It is based on a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to
mutual defense in response for an attack by any external party
➢ NATO’s headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium
➢ Its headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons
➢ The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the
global defense spending
➢ The NATO is an Intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic
Treaty signed in April 1949
➢ It consists of 28 independent member countries across North America and Europe
➢ It is based on a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to
mutual defense in response for an attack by any external party
➢ NATO’s headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium
➢ Its headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons
➢ The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the
global defense spending
Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana
News: Recently, electric pottery wheels to 100 potter families in Maharashtra were distributed under the Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY).
It was launched in 2018.
Aim: To strengthen and improve the living of potters in the country by making them self reliant (Atma Nirbhar).
Features: Providing potters with modern equipment and training.
Significance
Revival of traditional art and culture of pottery
eliminated drudgery from the process of pottery making
Increase in the production by 3-4 times.
Increase in income of potters manifolds
News: Recently, electric pottery wheels to 100 potter families in Maharashtra were distributed under the Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY).
It was launched in 2018.
Aim: To strengthen and improve the living of potters in the country by making them self reliant (Atma Nirbhar).
Features: Providing potters with modern equipment and training.
Significance
Revival of traditional art and culture of pottery
eliminated drudgery from the process of pottery making
Increase in the production by 3-4 times.
Increase in income of potters manifolds
1) Ideas need time to mature.
2) Companies need time to grow.
3) Talent needs time to develop.
4) Relationships need time to strengthen.
5) Good habits need time to reward.
6) Trust needs time to get built.
7) Investment needs time to compound.
Success requires the art of being patient...
Good evening..🌸🌹🌻
2) Companies need time to grow.
3) Talent needs time to develop.
4) Relationships need time to strengthen.
5) Good habits need time to reward.
6) Trust needs time to get built.
7) Investment needs time to compound.
Success requires the art of being patient...
Good evening..🌸🌹🌻
VISION IAS MAINS 365 ENVIRONMENT 2020.pdf
5 MB
VISION IAS MAINS 365 ENVIRONMENT 2020.pdf
Pleased to inform that Bihar has got its first Ramsar site. Kabartal in Begusarai, becomes a wetland of international importance.
It is an important wetland of the Central Asian Flyway for the population of migratory birds & biodiversity.
Wetlands are critical for absorption of floodwaters, are biodiversity hotspots and host critically endangered species!
Asan Conservation Reserve in Uttarakhand has also been designated as a Ramsar site, making it ‘Wetland of International Importance’.
Earlier in 2020, India designated 10 more wetlands as a Ramsar site, taking the total number from 27 to 37.
With 2 more inclusions, the total number of Ramsar sites in India is 39, the highest in South Asia.
It is an important wetland of the Central Asian Flyway for the population of migratory birds & biodiversity.
Wetlands are critical for absorption of floodwaters, are biodiversity hotspots and host critically endangered species!
Asan Conservation Reserve in Uttarakhand has also been designated as a Ramsar site, making it ‘Wetland of International Importance’.
Earlier in 2020, India designated 10 more wetlands as a Ramsar site, taking the total number from 27 to 37.
With 2 more inclusions, the total number of Ramsar sites in India is 39, the highest in South Asia.
*QUOTE
“Fake news is like ice, once it comes in contact with the heat of the truth it melts quickly and suddenly evaporates.”
- Oche Otorkpa
*FAKE NEWS & PAID NEWS*
*Fake News :*
Fake news refers to news, stories, informations, data and reports which is or are wholly or partly false.
Fake news can be propagated through any media- print, electronic and social.
*Issues Associated with Fake News :*
1) Against Democratic ethos: democratic principles that ensure free and fair speech are compromised when the same principles allow for the spread of disinformation.
2) Compromising Election Process.
3) Citizens view any news published by mainstream media as true and believe it.
4) very few citizens try to ascertain the authenticity of news spread on social media.
5) Swinging public opinions based on misinformation campaigns to gain popularity or to malign the image, character of certain individuals.
6) Creating a sense of mistrust between people and government. eg- the news of tampering of electronic voting machine.
7) Social media largely unregulated.
8) Only few mechanisms exist such as defamation suit, filing of FIR, complaints to bodies like News Broadcasters Association (NBA), Broadcasting Content Complaint Council (BCCC), Press Council of India (PCI) etc.
9) Inciting violence and hatred among communities by using morphed photographs to show riots, insult to religious symbols or deities. For example- Muzaffarabad riots; exodus of North-east people from Bangalore etc.
10) Radicalization of youths through false propaganda spread through social media sites - eg-Kashmir youth’s radicalisation by militants.
*Challenges in Controlling Fake News*
1. No standard definition: The term ‘fake news’ is vague and there is no official definition of what constitutes fake news.
2. Lack of regulation: Self-regulation by mainstream media has largely been ineffective.
3. Any direct effort by the government to control fake news is seen as an assault on the freedom of media.
4. Difficult to achieve balance: The efforts to control fake news and legitimate investigative and source-based journalism.
5. Difficult to distinguishing between conscious fabrication of news reports and news reports put out in the belief that they are accurate.
6. The vastness of the internet users (over 35 crore in India) and social media users (over 20 crore WhatsApp users alone) makes tracing the origin of fake news almost impossible.
*Way Forward:*
1. Bring out policy to control fake news.
2. The PCI needs to be reformed and empowered - strike a balance between the freedom of media and speech on the one hand, and right to know on the other.
3. Awareness: People must be made aware about the menace of fake news, their dissemination and to practice caution while believing on any such items.
4. Authentic news: by government organizations. Eg -PIB on Twitter..
5. Social media houses should also come forward to bring in measures to curb the menace of fake news. Eg . Facebook has tied up with Boom Live, an Indian fact-checking agency, to fight fake news during the Karnataka elections.
6. Ensure critical media literacy - encouraging individuals to learn the skills required to navigate the internet and question the content they are exposed to.
7. Nurture a general culture of scepticism among citizens towards information.
8. Targeted and proportionate legal interventions when threat to life or national security.
The Union Information and Broadcasting Ministry constituted a committee to frame rules to regulate news portals and media websites.
“Fake news is like ice, once it comes in contact with the heat of the truth it melts quickly and suddenly evaporates.”
- Oche Otorkpa
*FAKE NEWS & PAID NEWS*
*Fake News :*
Fake news refers to news, stories, informations, data and reports which is or are wholly or partly false.
Fake news can be propagated through any media- print, electronic and social.
*Issues Associated with Fake News :*
1) Against Democratic ethos: democratic principles that ensure free and fair speech are compromised when the same principles allow for the spread of disinformation.
2) Compromising Election Process.
3) Citizens view any news published by mainstream media as true and believe it.
4) very few citizens try to ascertain the authenticity of news spread on social media.
5) Swinging public opinions based on misinformation campaigns to gain popularity or to malign the image, character of certain individuals.
6) Creating a sense of mistrust between people and government. eg- the news of tampering of electronic voting machine.
7) Social media largely unregulated.
8) Only few mechanisms exist such as defamation suit, filing of FIR, complaints to bodies like News Broadcasters Association (NBA), Broadcasting Content Complaint Council (BCCC), Press Council of India (PCI) etc.
9) Inciting violence and hatred among communities by using morphed photographs to show riots, insult to religious symbols or deities. For example- Muzaffarabad riots; exodus of North-east people from Bangalore etc.
10) Radicalization of youths through false propaganda spread through social media sites - eg-Kashmir youth’s radicalisation by militants.
*Challenges in Controlling Fake News*
1. No standard definition: The term ‘fake news’ is vague and there is no official definition of what constitutes fake news.
2. Lack of regulation: Self-regulation by mainstream media has largely been ineffective.
3. Any direct effort by the government to control fake news is seen as an assault on the freedom of media.
4. Difficult to achieve balance: The efforts to control fake news and legitimate investigative and source-based journalism.
5. Difficult to distinguishing between conscious fabrication of news reports and news reports put out in the belief that they are accurate.
6. The vastness of the internet users (over 35 crore in India) and social media users (over 20 crore WhatsApp users alone) makes tracing the origin of fake news almost impossible.
*Way Forward:*
1. Bring out policy to control fake news.
2. The PCI needs to be reformed and empowered - strike a balance between the freedom of media and speech on the one hand, and right to know on the other.
3. Awareness: People must be made aware about the menace of fake news, their dissemination and to practice caution while believing on any such items.
4. Authentic news: by government organizations. Eg -PIB on Twitter..
5. Social media houses should also come forward to bring in measures to curb the menace of fake news. Eg . Facebook has tied up with Boom Live, an Indian fact-checking agency, to fight fake news during the Karnataka elections.
6. Ensure critical media literacy - encouraging individuals to learn the skills required to navigate the internet and question the content they are exposed to.
7. Nurture a general culture of scepticism among citizens towards information.
8. Targeted and proportionate legal interventions when threat to life or national security.
The Union Information and Broadcasting Ministry constituted a committee to frame rules to regulate news portals and media websites.