#PT_Revision
Mount Sinabung Volcano
- Location - Sumatra Island, Indonesia - Recently, It erupted.
- had been inactive for centuries together but it first erupted recently in 2010.
Types of Volcanoes
1. Active volcano
- had at least one eruption during the past 10000 years.
2. Erupting volcano
- should be erupting all the time, a
3. Dormant volcano
not erupting but might erupt again in future.
Mount Sinabung Volcano
- Location - Sumatra Island, Indonesia - Recently, It erupted.
- had been inactive for centuries together but it first erupted recently in 2010.
Types of Volcanoes
1. Active volcano
- had at least one eruption during the past 10000 years.
2. Erupting volcano
- should be erupting all the time, a
3. Dormant volcano
not erupting but might erupt again in future.
#PT_Revision
Lok Adalats
- to settle dispute through conciliation and compromise.
- First Lok Adalat in 1982(Gujarat)
- accepts the cases pending in the regular courts within their jurisdiction
- presided over by a sitting or retired judicial officer
- Members - a lawyer and a social worker.
Main condition - both parties in dispute should agree for settlement.
- No court fee.
- The procedural laws are not strictly followed
- The decision is binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.
- No appeal lies against the order of the Lok Adalat.
Lok Adalats
- to settle dispute through conciliation and compromise.
- First Lok Adalat in 1982(Gujarat)
- accepts the cases pending in the regular courts within their jurisdiction
- presided over by a sitting or retired judicial officer
- Members - a lawyer and a social worker.
Main condition - both parties in dispute should agree for settlement.
- No court fee.
- The procedural laws are not strictly followed
- The decision is binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.
- No appeal lies against the order of the Lok Adalat.
#PT_Revision
International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)
- It is a multi modal transportation corridor.
- Established in 2000 by Iran, Russia and India
- Purpose - promoting transportation cooperation among the Member States.
- Connects India Ocean and Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea, and Baltic sea
- New Members included
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Oman, Syria, Bulgaria (Observer).
International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)
- It is a multi modal transportation corridor.
- Established in 2000 by Iran, Russia and India
- Purpose - promoting transportation cooperation among the Member States.
- Connects India Ocean and Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea, and Baltic sea
- New Members included
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Oman, Syria, Bulgaria (Observer).
#PT_Revision
Swasthya Portal
- Launched recently by Ministry of Tribal Affairs
- presents all information pertaining to health and nutrition-related to Scheduled Tribes.
Swasthya Portal
- Launched recently by Ministry of Tribal Affairs
- presents all information pertaining to health and nutrition-related to Scheduled Tribes.
#PT_Revision
National Strategy for Financial Education (NSFE)
- Launched by RBI
- For 2020-to-2025.
- aims at achieving a financially aware and empowered India.
Features
1. Adopt a ‘5 C’ Approach – Content, Capacity, Community, Communication and Collaboration.
2. It envisages financial literacy content for school children, teachers, young adults, women, new entrants at workplace/entrepreneurs (MSMEs), senior citizens, persons with disabilities, illiterate people, etc.
3. Capacity development of various intermediaries providing financial literacy.
4. Develop a ‘Code of Conduct’ for financial education providers.
5. Community-led approaches should be evolved for disseminating financial literacy in a sustainable manner.
6. Integrate financial education content in the school curriculum, various professional and vocational courses of Ministry of Skill Development.
National Strategy for Financial Education (NSFE)
- Launched by RBI
- For 2020-to-2025.
- aims at achieving a financially aware and empowered India.
Features
1. Adopt a ‘5 C’ Approach – Content, Capacity, Community, Communication and Collaboration.
2. It envisages financial literacy content for school children, teachers, young adults, women, new entrants at workplace/entrepreneurs (MSMEs), senior citizens, persons with disabilities, illiterate people, etc.
3. Capacity development of various intermediaries providing financial literacy.
4. Develop a ‘Code of Conduct’ for financial education providers.
5. Community-led approaches should be evolved for disseminating financial literacy in a sustainable manner.
6. Integrate financial education content in the school curriculum, various professional and vocational courses of Ministry of Skill Development.
#PT_Revision
Atal Bimit Vyakti Kalyan Yojana:
- Launched in 2018
- by the Employees State Insurance (ESI)
- aims to financially support those who lost their jobs due to changing employment patterns.
Latest Changes
- Eligibility criteria relaxed for availing the relief has been relaxed.
- payment of relief has been enhanced to 50% of average of wages (earlier 25%) payable upto maximum 90 days of unemployment.
Atal Bimit Vyakti Kalyan Yojana:
- Launched in 2018
- by the Employees State Insurance (ESI)
- aims to financially support those who lost their jobs due to changing employment patterns.
Latest Changes
- Eligibility criteria relaxed for availing the relief has been relaxed.
- payment of relief has been enhanced to 50% of average of wages (earlier 25%) payable upto maximum 90 days of unemployment.
#PT_Revision
Hari Path app
- A mobile app
- launched recently by the National Highway Authority of India.
- To monitor plantation along national highways.
- It will monitor location, growth, species details, maintenance activities, targets and achievements.
Hari Path app
- A mobile app
- launched recently by the National Highway Authority of India.
- To monitor plantation along national highways.
- It will monitor location, growth, species details, maintenance activities, targets and achievements.
#PT_Revision
One Sun One World One Grid
- It is a trans-national electricity grid supplying solar power projects.
- idea is introduced by PM Modi in 2018
- Aims to facilitate global cooperation, building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources.
- Technical assistance from World Bank.
Three Phases of the Plan
1st Phase
- fosters cross border energy trade under India’s Neighbourhood first policy.
2nd Phase
- deals with Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, inter connected with African power pools.
3rd Phase
- includes global interconnection.
One Sun One World One Grid
- It is a trans-national electricity grid supplying solar power projects.
- idea is introduced by PM Modi in 2018
- Aims to facilitate global cooperation, building a global ecosystem of interconnected renewable energy resources.
- Technical assistance from World Bank.
Three Phases of the Plan
1st Phase
- fosters cross border energy trade under India’s Neighbourhood first policy.
2nd Phase
- deals with Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, inter connected with African power pools.
3rd Phase
- includes global interconnection.
National Disaster Relief Fund
●The NDRF was set up in accordance with Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
●It is meant to “meet the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation” for any disaster situation.
●Although Section 46 includes a clause for grants made by any person or institution, provisions for such donations had not been made.
●The Finance Ministry has given approval to a proposal to allow individuals and institutions to contribute directly to NDRF.
●The NDRF was set up in accordance with Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
●It is meant to “meet the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation” for any disaster situation.
●Although Section 46 includes a clause for grants made by any person or institution, provisions for such donations had not been made.
●The Finance Ministry has given approval to a proposal to allow individuals and institutions to contribute directly to NDRF.
#PT_Revision
✅Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan
●Aim is to offer immediate employment opportunities to migrant workers who have returned to their villages because of the COVID-19 lockdown.
●Workers will be employed in rural housing, rural connectivity including the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, national highways, railway works, community sanitation complex, gram panchayats, anganwadis, water conservation, digging of wells, plantation and horticulture.
●This campaign of 125 days will work in a mission mode
✅Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan
●Aim is to offer immediate employment opportunities to migrant workers who have returned to their villages because of the COVID-19 lockdown.
●Workers will be employed in rural housing, rural connectivity including the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, national highways, railway works, community sanitation complex, gram panchayats, anganwadis, water conservation, digging of wells, plantation and horticulture.
●This campaign of 125 days will work in a mission mode
#PT_Revision
Schemes
HIGH POWERED COMMITTEE OF CMs FOR ‘TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE’: The Prime Minister of India has set up a High Powered Committee of Chief Ministers for ‘Transformation of Indian Agriculture’. ~Members: CMs of Karnataka, Haryana, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, UP, MP & Union Minister of Agriculture, RD & Panchayati Raj~suggest modalities for adoption and time bound implementation of agriculture sector reforms by States/UTs.~suggest changes in the Essential Commodity Act (ECA), 1955 to attract private investments in agricultural marketing and infrastructure.~suggest mechanism for linking of market reforms with e-NAM, GRAM and other relevant Centrally Sponsored Schemes
ZERO BUDGET NATURAL FARMING: A method of farming where the cost of growing and harvesting plants is zero.~uses biological pesticides instead of chemical-based fertilizers like earthworms, cow dung, urine, plants, human excreta ~protects the soil from degradation~ economically viable~using in-situ resources ~ requires only 10 per cent water and 10 per cent electricity~ Ensure soil fertility through cow dung and cow urine-based concoctions~ Government promoting organic farming through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) since 2015-16 & Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)~organic farming models-Natural Farming, Rishi Farming, Vedic Farming, Cow Farming, Homa Farming, Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) etc
AGRI-BUSINESS INCUBATION CENTRE: set up by the Union Agriculture Ministry in Indira Gandhi Agriculture University of Raipur.~ under the National Agriculture Development Scheme-
RAFTAAR~objective: to make farming a remunerative economic activity by strengthening farmer’s effort, risk mitigation and promoting agribusiness entrepreneurship.
KRISHONNATI YOJANA : Umbrella Scheme comprising both Central Sector as well as Centrally Sponsored Schemes/Missions
JAL HI JEEVAN HAI: Scheme is for replacement of Paddy by Maize and other crops in 7 dark zone blocks. ~root causes of over-exploitation of water- continuous cultivation of water guzzling crops in rice wheat cropping system ,Ground water withdrawal outpaced its recharge that take place from annual precipitation ,method of irrigation in rice & wheat crops results in excess watering & wastage of water~Objectives-reduce the area of water guzzling crops in Haryana
ELIGIBILITY FOR PM KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI SCHEME: All landholder farmers’ families in country eligible for PM-Kisan Scheme, except those covered under the following exclusion criteria:All Institutional Land holders
FARM LOAN WAIVER: it covers only a tiny fraction of farmers.~loan waiver as a concept excludes most of the farm households in dire need of relief and includes some who do not deserve such relief on economic grounds ~ it provides only a partial relief to the indebted farmers as about half of the institutional borrowing of a cultivator is for non-farm purposes.~Third, in many cases, one household has multiple loanseither from different sources or in the name of different family members, which entitles it to multiple loan waiving.~Fourth, loan waiving excludes agricultural labourerswho are even weaker than cultivators in bearing the consequences of economic distress.~Fifth, it severely erodes the credit culture, with dire long-run consequences to the banking business.~Sixth, the scheme is prone to serious exclusion and inclusion errors, ~loan waivers not only inhibit investment in the farm sector but put pressure on the fiscal of states which undertake farm loan waiver
AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: All eligible beneficiaries of PM-KISAN will be covered under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme~proposed to integrate negotiable warehousing receipts (e-NWR) and National Agricultural Market (e-NAM)~portal on Jaivik kheti online national organic products market will also be strengthened ~Foot and Mouth disease, brucellosis in cattle and also peste des petits ruminants(PPR) in sheep and goat to be eliminatated by 2025,
Schemes
HIGH POWERED COMMITTEE OF CMs FOR ‘TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE’: The Prime Minister of India has set up a High Powered Committee of Chief Ministers for ‘Transformation of Indian Agriculture’. ~Members: CMs of Karnataka, Haryana, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, UP, MP & Union Minister of Agriculture, RD & Panchayati Raj~suggest modalities for adoption and time bound implementation of agriculture sector reforms by States/UTs.~suggest changes in the Essential Commodity Act (ECA), 1955 to attract private investments in agricultural marketing and infrastructure.~suggest mechanism for linking of market reforms with e-NAM, GRAM and other relevant Centrally Sponsored Schemes
ZERO BUDGET NATURAL FARMING: A method of farming where the cost of growing and harvesting plants is zero.~uses biological pesticides instead of chemical-based fertilizers like earthworms, cow dung, urine, plants, human excreta ~protects the soil from degradation~ economically viable~using in-situ resources ~ requires only 10 per cent water and 10 per cent electricity~ Ensure soil fertility through cow dung and cow urine-based concoctions~ Government promoting organic farming through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) since 2015-16 & Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)~organic farming models-Natural Farming, Rishi Farming, Vedic Farming, Cow Farming, Homa Farming, Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) etc
AGRI-BUSINESS INCUBATION CENTRE: set up by the Union Agriculture Ministry in Indira Gandhi Agriculture University of Raipur.~ under the National Agriculture Development Scheme-
RAFTAAR~objective: to make farming a remunerative economic activity by strengthening farmer’s effort, risk mitigation and promoting agribusiness entrepreneurship.
KRISHONNATI YOJANA : Umbrella Scheme comprising both Central Sector as well as Centrally Sponsored Schemes/Missions
JAL HI JEEVAN HAI: Scheme is for replacement of Paddy by Maize and other crops in 7 dark zone blocks. ~root causes of over-exploitation of water- continuous cultivation of water guzzling crops in rice wheat cropping system ,Ground water withdrawal outpaced its recharge that take place from annual precipitation ,method of irrigation in rice & wheat crops results in excess watering & wastage of water~Objectives-reduce the area of water guzzling crops in Haryana
ELIGIBILITY FOR PM KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI SCHEME: All landholder farmers’ families in country eligible for PM-Kisan Scheme, except those covered under the following exclusion criteria:All Institutional Land holders
FARM LOAN WAIVER: it covers only a tiny fraction of farmers.~loan waiver as a concept excludes most of the farm households in dire need of relief and includes some who do not deserve such relief on economic grounds ~ it provides only a partial relief to the indebted farmers as about half of the institutional borrowing of a cultivator is for non-farm purposes.~Third, in many cases, one household has multiple loanseither from different sources or in the name of different family members, which entitles it to multiple loan waiving.~Fourth, loan waiving excludes agricultural labourerswho are even weaker than cultivators in bearing the consequences of economic distress.~Fifth, it severely erodes the credit culture, with dire long-run consequences to the banking business.~Sixth, the scheme is prone to serious exclusion and inclusion errors, ~loan waivers not only inhibit investment in the farm sector but put pressure on the fiscal of states which undertake farm loan waiver
AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: All eligible beneficiaries of PM-KISAN will be covered under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme~proposed to integrate negotiable warehousing receipts (e-NWR) and National Agricultural Market (e-NAM)~portal on Jaivik kheti online national organic products market will also be strengthened ~Foot and Mouth disease, brucellosis in cattle and also peste des petits ruminants(PPR) in sheep and goat to be eliminatated by 2025,
👉KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS (KVKS) KVK scheme is 100% Central funding under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE)
👉E-AGRICULTURE: ICAR established a network of 715 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) mandated with Technology Assessment and Demonstration for its Application and Capacity Development (TADA–CD) ~ Under Marketing Research & Information Network (MRIN) Scheme support provided to the States towards setting up and maintaining connectivity with Agmarknet portal for collection and dissemination of market information on arrivals and prices of agri-commodities.
👉SOIL HEALTH CARDS (SHC) SCHEME: Launched in 2015.~Under the scheme, the government plans to issue soil cards to farmers which will carry crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and fertilisers required for the individual farms~ Soil Health Card is used to assess the current status of soil health and, when used over time, to determine changes in soil health that are affected by land management ~ It will contain the status of his soil with respect to 12 parameters, namely N,P,K (Macro-nutrients); S (Secondary- nutrient); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (Micro – nutrients); and pH, EC, OC (Physical parameters).
👉FARMER PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS (FPOs): Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved a scheme for "Formation and Promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) " to form and promote 10,000 new FPOs. ~Support to each FPO be continued for 5 years from its year of inception ~promoted under "One District One Product" cluster to promote specialization and better processing, marketing, branding & export by FPOs
👉PASHU KISAN CREDIT CARDS : First Pashu Kisan credit cards in India were distributed to 101 animal farmers in Bhiwani in Haryana. ~card is along lines of the Kisan credit card scheme and will allot credit according to the animal you own.
👉One nation-one ration card: Government has launched One Nation-One Ration Card scheme on pilot basis in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Gujarat.~Families who have food security cards can buy subsidized rice and wheat from any ration shop in these states but their ration cards should be linked with Aadhar Number to avail ~will ensure all beneficiaries especially migrants can access PDS across the nation~Benefits: no poor person is deprived of getting subsidised foodgrains under the food security scheme when they shift from one place to another~remove the chance of anyone holding more than one ration card
👉RASHTRIYA GOKUL MISSION: To conserve & develop indigenous bovine breeds, government launched this under National
👉Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD)~Participating Agencies- CFSPTI, CCBFs, ICAR, Universities, Colleges, NGO’s, Cooperative Societies & Gaushalas with best germplasm.~Gokul Gram:Funds underscheme will be allocated for establishment of Integrated Indigenous Cattle Centres viz “Gokul Gram”. ~it will be established in i) the native breeding tracts & ii) near metropolitan cities for housing the urban cattle.~implemented through the “State Implementing Agency (SIA viz Livestock Development Boards)
NATIONAL DAIRY PLAN: Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying is implementing World Bank assisted National Dairy Plan – I in 18 States to support milk cooperatives and milk producer companies along with breeding improvement initiative. ~ Central Sector Scheme~Funding will be through a line of credit from the International Development Association (IDA), ~help increase productivity of milch animals~help provide rural milk producers with greater access to the organised milk-processing sector.~ India’s milk production increased from 165.40 MMT in 2016-17 to 176.35 MMT in 2017-18, a growth rate of 6.62 per cent.~first in global milk production
👉Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): An elaborated component of Soil Health Management (SHM) of major project National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)~Under PKVY Organic farming is promoted through organic village by cluster approach
👉E-AGRICULTURE: ICAR established a network of 715 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) mandated with Technology Assessment and Demonstration for its Application and Capacity Development (TADA–CD) ~ Under Marketing Research & Information Network (MRIN) Scheme support provided to the States towards setting up and maintaining connectivity with Agmarknet portal for collection and dissemination of market information on arrivals and prices of agri-commodities.
👉SOIL HEALTH CARDS (SHC) SCHEME: Launched in 2015.~Under the scheme, the government plans to issue soil cards to farmers which will carry crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and fertilisers required for the individual farms~ Soil Health Card is used to assess the current status of soil health and, when used over time, to determine changes in soil health that are affected by land management ~ It will contain the status of his soil with respect to 12 parameters, namely N,P,K (Macro-nutrients); S (Secondary- nutrient); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (Micro – nutrients); and pH, EC, OC (Physical parameters).
👉FARMER PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS (FPOs): Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved a scheme for "Formation and Promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) " to form and promote 10,000 new FPOs. ~Support to each FPO be continued for 5 years from its year of inception ~promoted under "One District One Product" cluster to promote specialization and better processing, marketing, branding & export by FPOs
👉PASHU KISAN CREDIT CARDS : First Pashu Kisan credit cards in India were distributed to 101 animal farmers in Bhiwani in Haryana. ~card is along lines of the Kisan credit card scheme and will allot credit according to the animal you own.
👉One nation-one ration card: Government has launched One Nation-One Ration Card scheme on pilot basis in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Gujarat.~Families who have food security cards can buy subsidized rice and wheat from any ration shop in these states but their ration cards should be linked with Aadhar Number to avail ~will ensure all beneficiaries especially migrants can access PDS across the nation~Benefits: no poor person is deprived of getting subsidised foodgrains under the food security scheme when they shift from one place to another~remove the chance of anyone holding more than one ration card
👉RASHTRIYA GOKUL MISSION: To conserve & develop indigenous bovine breeds, government launched this under National
👉Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD)~Participating Agencies- CFSPTI, CCBFs, ICAR, Universities, Colleges, NGO’s, Cooperative Societies & Gaushalas with best germplasm.~Gokul Gram:Funds underscheme will be allocated for establishment of Integrated Indigenous Cattle Centres viz “Gokul Gram”. ~it will be established in i) the native breeding tracts & ii) near metropolitan cities for housing the urban cattle.~implemented through the “State Implementing Agency (SIA viz Livestock Development Boards)
NATIONAL DAIRY PLAN: Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying is implementing World Bank assisted National Dairy Plan – I in 18 States to support milk cooperatives and milk producer companies along with breeding improvement initiative. ~ Central Sector Scheme~Funding will be through a line of credit from the International Development Association (IDA), ~help increase productivity of milch animals~help provide rural milk producers with greater access to the organised milk-processing sector.~ India’s milk production increased from 165.40 MMT in 2016-17 to 176.35 MMT in 2017-18, a growth rate of 6.62 per cent.~first in global milk production
👉Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): An elaborated component of Soil Health Management (SHM) of major project National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)~Under PKVY Organic farming is promoted through organic village by cluster approach
🔰UPSC will not postpone exam(many times in the past decisions by the UPSC have prevailed over court cases). There will be prelims exam on 4th October. Prepare well and keep studying. Challenges like this which test your focus and purpose will keep coming in your way. You must stay fiercely focused on your goal.
For us it doesn’t matter whether exam gets postponed or not. What matters is your future. Aspirants who get involved or believe in these rumours end up wasting their chances. Some people will waste their lives.
So believe in what’s real right now and prepare accordingly. Right now the reality is that exam is going to be conducted on 4th October. Believe in this truth and don’t waste your time.
For us it doesn’t matter whether exam gets postponed or not. What matters is your future. Aspirants who get involved or believe in these rumours end up wasting their chances. Some people will waste their lives.
So believe in what’s real right now and prepare accordingly. Right now the reality is that exam is going to be conducted on 4th October. Believe in this truth and don’t waste your time.