#PT_Revision
KURMA App
- citizen science initiative launched for turtle conservation.
- provides a database to identify a species and also the location of the nearest rescue centre for turtles across the country
- Developed by the Indian Turtle Conservation Action Network (ITCAN) in collaboration with the Turtle Survival Alliance-India and Wildlife Conservation Society-India
KURMA App
- citizen science initiative launched for turtle conservation.
- provides a database to identify a species and also the location of the nearest rescue centre for turtles across the country
- Developed by the Indian Turtle Conservation Action Network (ITCAN) in collaboration with the Turtle Survival Alliance-India and Wildlife Conservation Society-India
#PT_Revision
Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA)
- formed in 2001
- Based in USA.
- It is a global partnership Initiative of IUCN for Conservation of turtles and tortoises
- It was formed in response to the Asian Turtle Crisis (over-exploitation of Asian turtle populations to supply Chinese markets)
Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA)
- formed in 2001
- Based in USA.
- It is a global partnership Initiative of IUCN for Conservation of turtles and tortoises
- It was formed in response to the Asian Turtle Crisis (over-exploitation of Asian turtle populations to supply Chinese markets)
#PT_Revision
Indian rhinoceros
- Called as 'great one-horned rhinoceros'
- listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Habitat - the alluvial Terai-Duar savanna, grasslands and riverine forest.
Once ranged the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Threats
Habitat Destruction, Poaching, frequent floods, hunting.
Conservation
- listed in CITES Appendix I since 1975.
- Protected under WPA -1972.
Indian rhinoceros
- Called as 'great one-horned rhinoceros'
- listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Habitat - the alluvial Terai-Duar savanna, grasslands and riverine forest.
Once ranged the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Threats
Habitat Destruction, Poaching, frequent floods, hunting.
Conservation
- listed in CITES Appendix I since 1975.
- Protected under WPA -1972.
The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets, overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access.
The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks like Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals.
Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature.
Commercial darknet markets, which mediate transactions for illegal drugs and other goods, attracted significant media coverage starting with the popularity of Silk Road and Diabolus Market and its subsequent seizure by legal authorities.
Other markets sell software exploits and weapons
The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks like Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals.
Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature.
Commercial darknet markets, which mediate transactions for illegal drugs and other goods, attracted significant media coverage starting with the popularity of Silk Road and Diabolus Market and its subsequent seizure by legal authorities.
Other markets sell software exploits and weapons
#PT_Revision
P-8I Aircrafts
-It is a military aircraft developed and produced by US company Boeing
- It can be operated in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and shipping interdiction roles.
- It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and other weapons, and is able to drop and monitor sonobuoys.
News - India would receive Four P-8I aircrafts in 2021
P-8I Aircrafts
-It is a military aircraft developed and produced by US company Boeing
- It can be operated in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and shipping interdiction roles.
- It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and other weapons, and is able to drop and monitor sonobuoys.
News - India would receive Four P-8I aircrafts in 2021
#PT_Revision
Tianwen 1
- It is China's first successful Mars probe (launched recently)
Objectives
- To orbit the red planet for comprehensive observation
- To land on Martian soil and send a rover to roam around the landing site
- To conduct investigations into geological structure, atmosphere, environment, soil and water of Mars.
- Yinghuo-1(2011) - China's first failed Mars Mission.
Successful Mars Missions by
- US, Russia, India and European Union
- Mission Mangalyaan of India was Asia's first successful Mars mission.
Tianwen 1
- It is China's first successful Mars probe (launched recently)
Objectives
- To orbit the red planet for comprehensive observation
- To land on Martian soil and send a rover to roam around the landing site
- To conduct investigations into geological structure, atmosphere, environment, soil and water of Mars.
- Yinghuo-1(2011) - China's first failed Mars Mission.
Successful Mars Missions by
- US, Russia, India and European Union
- Mission Mangalyaan of India was Asia's first successful Mars mission.
#PT_Revision
ANASIS II
- South Korea's military satellite to defend itself against nuclear armed North Korea.
- The satellite is to be placed at an orbit of 36,000 km.
- 10th country in the world to have its own military communication satellite.
- It will help to increase South Korean independent military operations.
ANASIS II
- South Korea's military satellite to defend itself against nuclear armed North Korea.
- The satellite is to be placed at an orbit of 36,000 km.
- 10th country in the world to have its own military communication satellite.
- It will help to increase South Korean independent military operations.
#PT_Revision
Panchayat Enterprise Suite
- By Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
- It is e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project (e-Panchayat MMP)
- Launched to introduce and strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
- a suite of 11 Core Common Applications has been deployed
- address nearly the entire spectrum of Panchayats' functioning like Planning, Monitoring, Budgeting, Accounting, Social Audit etc.
Panchayat Enterprise Suite
- By Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)
- It is e-Panchayat Mission Mode Project (e-Panchayat MMP)
- Launched to introduce and strengthen e-Governance in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
- a suite of 11 Core Common Applications has been deployed
- address nearly the entire spectrum of Panchayats' functioning like Planning, Monitoring, Budgeting, Accounting, Social Audit etc.
#PT_Revision
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
- Constituted in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013.
- It is an independent regulator for enforcement of auditing standards so as to enhance investor and public confidence in financial disclosures of companies.
Composition:
Chairperson - appointed by the Central Govt
Members - max 15
Functions
- To Recommend the centra govt on accounting and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies
- Monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards
- It can probe listed companies and those unlisted public companies( paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore or annual turnover of at least Rs 1,000 crore.)
- It can also investigate professional misconduct committed by members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)..
National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
- Constituted in 2018 under the Companies Act, 2013.
- It is an independent regulator for enforcement of auditing standards so as to enhance investor and public confidence in financial disclosures of companies.
Composition:
Chairperson - appointed by the Central Govt
Members - max 15
Functions
- To Recommend the centra govt on accounting and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies
- Monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards
- It can probe listed companies and those unlisted public companies( paid-up capital of Rs 500 crore or annual turnover of at least Rs 1,000 crore.)
- It can also investigate professional misconduct committed by members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)..
#PT_Revision
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- launched in the year 2016.
- by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
PMFBY fixes a uniform premium of 2% of the value of sum insured to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial and horticultural crops or actuarial rate, whichever is less.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- launched in the year 2016.
- by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS).
PMFBY fixes a uniform premium of 2% of the value of sum insured to be paid by farmers for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all rabi crops, and 5% for annual commercial and horticultural crops or actuarial rate, whichever is less.
#PT_Revision
Topic - Remaining non aligned is a good advice
Subject - It's about India China relations and recent skirmishes between army of two nations at LAC, how India must adhere to the principle of non alignment.
Chinese President Xi Jumping disdains Deng Xiaoping's aphorism "to keep your head low and bide your time" - but he is not known to act irresponsibly.
Incursions by Chinese forces at few points in the Ladakh and Sikkim sectors. (Remember the locations for prelims point of view)
1. In Ladakh area
Daulat Beg Oldie
Pangong Tso lake
Galwan valley
Hot Springs Gogra area
2. In Sikkim area
Naku La
___
China’s action clearly belies the code of conduct drawn up at the Wuhan (China) and Mamallapuram (Tamil Nadu) summits by
the leaders of India and China,and the recent incursions do convey the imprimatur of the top Chinese leadership.
India's perceived shift towards USA
India is perceived as having
shifted towards the American orbit of influence.
India's United States tilt is perhaps most pronounced in the domain of U.S. China relations.
Example - India is today a member of the Quad (the U.S., Japan, Australia and India) which has a definite anti China connotation.
India is almost the last
holdout in Asia against China’s
Belt Road Initiative (BRI).
India also loses no opportunity to declaim against the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
Important - Understand the theme of the editorial
India must avoid being portrayed as anti China and hence must avoid joining coalition against China
India must follow neutrality at international affairs.
These are dangerous times, more
so for countries in China’s vicinity,
and specially India. India is being
increasingly projected as an alternative model to China, and being
coopted into a wider anti China
alliance which China clearly perceives as provocation.
We cannot ignore or forget the circumstances that led to the unfortunate India China war of 1962
Caution - These are viewpoints of a particular expert in this subject. You must critically analyse his arguments. And come up with pros and cons of India's move
International relation is a dynamic topic. With time and changing situation, foreign policy too takes a shift. One must respect the changing dynamics of global order.
Remember, in international relations, there are no permanent friends or permanent enemies, only permanent interests .
Topic - Remaining non aligned is a good advice
Subject - It's about India China relations and recent skirmishes between army of two nations at LAC, how India must adhere to the principle of non alignment.
Chinese President Xi Jumping disdains Deng Xiaoping's aphorism "to keep your head low and bide your time" - but he is not known to act irresponsibly.
Incursions by Chinese forces at few points in the Ladakh and Sikkim sectors. (Remember the locations for prelims point of view)
1. In Ladakh area
Daulat Beg Oldie
Pangong Tso lake
Galwan valley
Hot Springs Gogra area
2. In Sikkim area
Naku La
___
China’s action clearly belies the code of conduct drawn up at the Wuhan (China) and Mamallapuram (Tamil Nadu) summits by
the leaders of India and China,and the recent incursions do convey the imprimatur of the top Chinese leadership.
India's perceived shift towards USA
India is perceived as having
shifted towards the American orbit of influence.
India's United States tilt is perhaps most pronounced in the domain of U.S. China relations.
Example - India is today a member of the Quad (the U.S., Japan, Australia and India) which has a definite anti China connotation.
India is almost the last
holdout in Asia against China’s
Belt Road Initiative (BRI).
India also loses no opportunity to declaim against the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
Important - Understand the theme of the editorial
India must avoid being portrayed as anti China and hence must avoid joining coalition against China
India must follow neutrality at international affairs.
These are dangerous times, more
so for countries in China’s vicinity,
and specially India. India is being
increasingly projected as an alternative model to China, and being
coopted into a wider anti China
alliance which China clearly perceives as provocation.
We cannot ignore or forget the circumstances that led to the unfortunate India China war of 1962
Caution - These are viewpoints of a particular expert in this subject. You must critically analyse his arguments. And come up with pros and cons of India's move
International relation is a dynamic topic. With time and changing situation, foreign policy too takes a shift. One must respect the changing dynamics of global order.
Remember, in international relations, there are no permanent friends or permanent enemies, only permanent interests .
#PT_Revision
Drugs Controller General of India
- under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- responsible to clear the drugs for medicinal treatments
- Operates within the department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to approve licenses of drugs, vaccines, IV fluids.
- It acts as appellate authority in case of dispute regarding quality of drugs.
- It prepares and maintains national reference standard.
News - National Task Force on COVID-19 recently decided against using Itolizumab in clinical management protocols on COVID-19.
Drugs Controller General of India
- under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- responsible to clear the drugs for medicinal treatments
- Operates within the department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to approve licenses of drugs, vaccines, IV fluids.
- It acts as appellate authority in case of dispute regarding quality of drugs.
- It prepares and maintains national reference standard.
News - National Task Force on COVID-19 recently decided against using Itolizumab in clinical management protocols on COVID-19.
#PT_Revision
Istanbul Convention
-Its for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.
- adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 April 2011
- signed by 45 countries and the European Union.
- world’s first binding instrument to prevent and tackle violence against women.
- sets minimum standards for governments to meet when tackling violence against women.
News- Poland has withdrew from the convention.
Istanbul Convention
-Its for preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence.
- adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 April 2011
- signed by 45 countries and the European Union.
- world’s first binding instrument to prevent and tackle violence against women.
- sets minimum standards for governments to meet when tackling violence against women.
News- Poland has withdrew from the convention.
#PT_Revision
Mausam App
- Mobile application to provide city-wise weather forecasts and warnings
- launched by Union Ministry of Earth Sciences
- designed and developed by International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Indian Meteorological Department (IMO), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM).
- It will provide information such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, direction for around 200 cities.
Mausam App
- Mobile application to provide city-wise weather forecasts and warnings
- launched by Union Ministry of Earth Sciences
- designed and developed by International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Indian Meteorological Department (IMO), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM).
- It will provide information such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, direction for around 200 cities.
#PT_Revison
👉Shankar IAS- Environment
📌VV IMP Topics
Ecology
Functions of an Ecosystem
Environment Pollution
Biodiversity
Protected Area Network
Climate Change
Mitigation Strategies
India and Climate Change
Climate Change Organisation
Agriculture (very imp)
Acts and Policies
Institution and Measures
International Environmental Conventions
Appendix (Very imp)
📌IMP Topics
Aquatic Ecosystem
Environmental Impact Assessment
Animal Diversity in India
Environmental issues
Marine Organism
Conservation efforts
Ozone depletion
Ocean acidification
Environmental issues and health effects
📌Less imp
Plant Diversity of india
Schedule Animals
👉Shankar IAS- Environment
📌VV IMP Topics
Ecology
Functions of an Ecosystem
Environment Pollution
Biodiversity
Protected Area Network
Climate Change
Mitigation Strategies
India and Climate Change
Climate Change Organisation
Agriculture (very imp)
Acts and Policies
Institution and Measures
International Environmental Conventions
Appendix (Very imp)
📌IMP Topics
Aquatic Ecosystem
Environmental Impact Assessment
Animal Diversity in India
Environmental issues
Marine Organism
Conservation efforts
Ozone depletion
Ocean acidification
Environmental issues and health effects
📌Less imp
Plant Diversity of india
Schedule Animals
How to do Prelims test analysis :
I used following three rounds
1. Round 1- sure round- mcq solved here are those which i am 100% sure.
2. Round 2- Logic and Technique round - using logics and tricks to eliminate 3 options and arrive at right answer
3. Round 3- High risk round - applying some fodder knowledge or distant fact to GUESS the answer.
How to do analysis of test-
- solve using above based rounds. Analysis right and wrong answers in each round. You can make seperate marking on question paper for seperate rounds.
-scores /right wrongs in each round suggests something:
1. Weak Round 1- this means you are marking those questions wrong of which you are sure. This suggest gap in knowledge.
- How to improve :REVISE multiple times to improve Round 1 performance
2. Weak Round 2- this suggest you are weak in techniques and logics. Your logics are going wrong.
- How to improve- develope logics based on Past years upsc question papers. Try to develope mind techniques. Apply different logics and see which logic can work.
3. Weak Round 3- if round 3 score is going NEGATIVE consistently, then it shows that your risk taking is counter productive. In this case, take only calculates guesses.
Time Management - make sure that you solve these rounds in predetermined time slot.
Eg- i used to solve Round 1 in 50 minutes, Round 2 in 50 min and Round 3 in 20 minutes.
But keep time slots flexible to accomodate any uncertainty.
Neutrality -
Try to solve question paper as neutral person. Do not judge paper as tough or easy while solving. Do not judge yourself also while solving paper.
#Prelims paper solving strategy by Mandar Patki Sir ,IAS
#Followed by most of successful students
I used following three rounds
1. Round 1- sure round- mcq solved here are those which i am 100% sure.
2. Round 2- Logic and Technique round - using logics and tricks to eliminate 3 options and arrive at right answer
3. Round 3- High risk round - applying some fodder knowledge or distant fact to GUESS the answer.
How to do analysis of test-
- solve using above based rounds. Analysis right and wrong answers in each round. You can make seperate marking on question paper for seperate rounds.
-scores /right wrongs in each round suggests something:
1. Weak Round 1- this means you are marking those questions wrong of which you are sure. This suggest gap in knowledge.
- How to improve :REVISE multiple times to improve Round 1 performance
2. Weak Round 2- this suggest you are weak in techniques and logics. Your logics are going wrong.
- How to improve- develope logics based on Past years upsc question papers. Try to develope mind techniques. Apply different logics and see which logic can work.
3. Weak Round 3- if round 3 score is going NEGATIVE consistently, then it shows that your risk taking is counter productive. In this case, take only calculates guesses.
Time Management - make sure that you solve these rounds in predetermined time slot.
Eg- i used to solve Round 1 in 50 minutes, Round 2 in 50 min and Round 3 in 20 minutes.
But keep time slots flexible to accomodate any uncertainty.
Neutrality -
Try to solve question paper as neutral person. Do not judge paper as tough or easy while solving. Do not judge yourself also while solving paper.
#Prelims paper solving strategy by Mandar Patki Sir ,IAS
#Followed by most of successful students
#PT_Revison
*Sea Floor Spreading(SFS):-
*Background:
As Wegner proposed the CDT(Conti. Drift Theory) , there were many post drift studies that have been taken by geographers....With Wegner's mapping ofthe ocean floor and paleomagnetic studies of rocks from oceanic regions revealed that
● The sediments on the occan floor are
unexpectedly very thin.
●Rocks equidistant on either sides of the crest of mid-oceanic ridges have remarkable similarities in terms of period of formation, chemical compositions and
magnetic properties.
●The ocean crust rocks are much younger
than the continental rocks
So with this observations, Harry Hess has proposed the Sea Floor Spreading Concept.
> He argued that constant eruptions at the crest of oceanic ridges(middle portion of ocean) cause the rupture of the occanic crust and the new lava wedges into it, pushing the oceanic crust
on either side. The ocean floor thus gets spreads.
> He also argued that ocean floor gets pushed due to constant volcanic activity at the crest , sinks down at the oceanic trenches & gets consumed...
I am providing some images regd this at the end of this(in the channel) ...Go & Compulsarily look into it....It will help you to understand this concept in better way..
In Prelims , not much can be asked from this concept as it is simple & much straightforward concept
In Mains, if Core Geo question is asked in GS1 related to Continental Building ,then in several supporting theories u can give this...
Those who have Geography as OPTIONAL have to COMPULSARY go to in depth study of Continental building & this theory too.
*Sea Floor Spreading(SFS):-
*Background:
As Wegner proposed the CDT(Conti. Drift Theory) , there were many post drift studies that have been taken by geographers....With Wegner's mapping ofthe ocean floor and paleomagnetic studies of rocks from oceanic regions revealed that
● The sediments on the occan floor are
unexpectedly very thin.
●Rocks equidistant on either sides of the crest of mid-oceanic ridges have remarkable similarities in terms of period of formation, chemical compositions and
magnetic properties.
●The ocean crust rocks are much younger
than the continental rocks
So with this observations, Harry Hess has proposed the Sea Floor Spreading Concept.
> He argued that constant eruptions at the crest of oceanic ridges(middle portion of ocean) cause the rupture of the occanic crust and the new lava wedges into it, pushing the oceanic crust
on either side. The ocean floor thus gets spreads.
> He also argued that ocean floor gets pushed due to constant volcanic activity at the crest , sinks down at the oceanic trenches & gets consumed...
I am providing some images regd this at the end of this(in the channel) ...Go & Compulsarily look into it....It will help you to understand this concept in better way..
In Prelims , not much can be asked from this concept as it is simple & much straightforward concept
In Mains, if Core Geo question is asked in GS1 related to Continental Building ,then in several supporting theories u can give this...
Those who have Geography as OPTIONAL have to COMPULSARY go to in depth study of Continental building & this theory too.
#places_in_News
This North East Region is Continuously in News...Very Crucial for upcoming Prelim 2020.
▪️ Sixth Schedule states
- Assam
- Meghalaya
- Tripura
- Mizoram
▪️ Inner line permit states
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Mizoram
#PT_Revison
This North East Region is Continuously in News...Very Crucial for upcoming Prelim 2020.
▪️ Sixth Schedule states
- Assam
- Meghalaya
- Tripura
- Mizoram
▪️ Inner line permit states
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Mizoram
#PT_Revison
#PT_Revision
1. Members of Mekong-Ganga Cooperation = LIMCa TV
L- Laos
I- India
M- Myanmar
Ca- Cambodia (not China, Pay attention)
T- Thailand
V- Vietnam
2. Eight Core Industries of India = CCC FRENS
C- Coal
C- Crude Oil
C- Cement
F- Fertilizers
R- Refinery Products
E- Electricity
N- Natural Gas
S- Steel
3 .Mahavira principles and vows
The three principles of Jainism, also known as Triratnas (three gems), are:
- right Knowledge
- right Faith
- right Conduct.
Trick KFC ( Kentucky freid chicken)
1. Members of Mekong-Ganga Cooperation = LIMCa TV
L- Laos
I- India
M- Myanmar
Ca- Cambodia (not China, Pay attention)
T- Thailand
V- Vietnam
2. Eight Core Industries of India = CCC FRENS
C- Coal
C- Crude Oil
C- Cement
F- Fertilizers
R- Refinery Products
E- Electricity
N- Natural Gas
S- Steel
3 .Mahavira principles and vows
The three principles of Jainism, also known as Triratnas (three gems), are:
- right Knowledge
- right Faith
- right Conduct.
Trick KFC ( Kentucky freid chicken)
4.Countries around Caspian Sea = TARIK (Date)
T- Turkmenistan
A- Azerbaijan
R- Russia
I- Iran
K- Kazakhstan
5.Countries bordering Red Sea = DESSEY
D- Djibouti
E- Eritrea
S- Saudi Arabi
S- Sudan (not somalia: pay attention and keep rem)
E- Egypt
Y- Yemen
6 Horn of Africa = SEED
S- Somalia
E- Ethiopia
E- Eritrea
D- Djibouti
T- Turkmenistan
A- Azerbaijan
R- Russia
I- Iran
K- Kazakhstan
5.Countries bordering Red Sea = DESSEY
D- Djibouti
E- Eritrea
S- Saudi Arabi
S- Sudan (not somalia: pay attention and keep rem)
E- Egypt
Y- Yemen
6 Horn of Africa = SEED
S- Somalia
E- Ethiopia
E- Eritrea
D- Djibouti