#National_Parks_in_India
✅ National Parks in West Bengal
1) Gorumara National Park
- Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills in jalpaiguri.
- It is primarily known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
- The major river of the park is the Jaldhaka river, a tributary of the Brahmaputra.
- Flora : Sal forests with common teak, rain tree and Bombax
Bamboo groves etc.
- Fauna : Indian rhinoceros, gaur, Asian elephant, sloth bear, chital, and sambar deer.
___________________________
2) Jaldapara National Park
- Situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District.
- On the banks of Torsa river
- It has the largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros after Kaziranga.
- There is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve.
- The forest is mainly savannah covered with tall elephant grasses.
________________________________
✅ National Parks in West Bengal
1) Gorumara National Park
- Located in the Dooars region of the Himalayan foothills in jalpaiguri.
- It is primarily known for its population of Indian rhinoceros.
- The major river of the park is the Jaldhaka river, a tributary of the Brahmaputra.
- Flora : Sal forests with common teak, rain tree and Bombax
Bamboo groves etc.
- Fauna : Indian rhinoceros, gaur, Asian elephant, sloth bear, chital, and sambar deer.
___________________________
2) Jaldapara National Park
- Situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District.
- On the banks of Torsa river
- It has the largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros after Kaziranga.
- There is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve.
- The forest is mainly savannah covered with tall elephant grasses.
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The Marks of the candidates of Civil Services Examination 2019 will be disclosed only after the final outcome of the pending court cases: upsc.gov.in
Medieval and Modern India Economic terms.pdf
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UPSC CEC prelim ..imp facts Modern and Medieval india
📍📍Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS)
● It is an international certification scheme that regulates trade in rough diamonds.
- It aims to prevent the flow of conflict diamonds and protect legitimate trade in rough diamonds
● India is one of the founding members of the KPCS.
● It is not an organization. There are no offices or headquarters for KPCS. It cannot frame agreements. It simply relies on contributions of the participants, industries, governments, civil society observers
● The KPCS has been agreed by the United Nations and the World Diamond Council.
Conflict diamonds
Conflict diamonds are rough diamonds that are used by the rebel movements to finance wars, especially in the third world countries
● It is an international certification scheme that regulates trade in rough diamonds.
- It aims to prevent the flow of conflict diamonds and protect legitimate trade in rough diamonds
● India is one of the founding members of the KPCS.
● It is not an organization. There are no offices or headquarters for KPCS. It cannot frame agreements. It simply relies on contributions of the participants, industries, governments, civil society observers
● The KPCS has been agreed by the United Nations and the World Diamond Council.
Conflict diamonds
Conflict diamonds are rough diamonds that are used by the rebel movements to finance wars, especially in the third world countries
✅National Investigation Agency (NIA)
- Formed-2009, with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008.
- Headquarter - in New Delhi
- It acts as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency.
- The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.
- Formed-2009, with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008.
- Headquarter - in New Delhi
- It acts as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency.
- The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.
📌126th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019 (104 constitution amendment)
- Parliament has passed 126th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019.
- It seeks to extend the reservation provided to the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes by 10 years.
- The reservation provided to the Anglo-Indian community, SC, ST was to end by January 25, 2020. The bill continues the reservation of seats for another 10 years that is till January, 25, 2030.
- The reservation has been included in Article 334 and therefore the bill seeks to amend the article.
- Parliament has passed 126th Constitution Amendment Bill 2019.
- It seeks to extend the reservation provided to the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes by 10 years.
- The reservation provided to the Anglo-Indian community, SC, ST was to end by January 25, 2020. The bill continues the reservation of seats for another 10 years that is till January, 25, 2030.
- The reservation has been included in Article 334 and therefore the bill seeks to amend the article.
#PT_Revision
Bulk Drug Parks
- Launched in March 2020 by Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
- Under it a Total of 4 medical devices parks and three Bulk Drug Parks (API) will be set up in the country.
- For encouraging the domestic production of Medical Devices and Active Pharmaceutical Products (API)
- It will be a production linked incentive scheme from the Central Government
- Central Funding - Rs 13760 crore
Bulk Drug Parks
- Launched in March 2020 by Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
- Under it a Total of 4 medical devices parks and three Bulk Drug Parks (API) will be set up in the country.
- For encouraging the domestic production of Medical Devices and Active Pharmaceutical Products (API)
- It will be a production linked incentive scheme from the Central Government
- Central Funding - Rs 13760 crore
#PT_Revision
PRAGYATA guidelines
- developed by Ministry of Human Resource and Development.
- focuses on digital education or online education.
- It will mainly help students who are presently at home due to COVID-19 Lockdown.
- It include eight steps of online learning. They are Plan, Review, Guide, Arrange, Talk, Assign, Track and Appreciate.
It provides suggestions to school heads, administrators, parents, teachers in the following
1. on planning digital education. This includes screen time, duration, inclusiveness, balanced online and offline activities.
2. Physical and mental health wellbeing during digital education.
3. Cyber safety
PRAGYATA guidelines
- developed by Ministry of Human Resource and Development.
- focuses on digital education or online education.
- It will mainly help students who are presently at home due to COVID-19 Lockdown.
- It include eight steps of online learning. They are Plan, Review, Guide, Arrange, Talk, Assign, Track and Appreciate.
It provides suggestions to school heads, administrators, parents, teachers in the following
1. on planning digital education. This includes screen time, duration, inclusiveness, balanced online and offline activities.
2. Physical and mental health wellbeing during digital education.
3. Cyber safety
#PT_Revision
✅Namami Gange Mission
Aims at providing comprehensive and sustainable solutions for a cleaner ecosystem along the stretch of 97 towns and 4,465 villages on the Ganga stem.
Namami Gange is being implemented by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and its state counterparts—State Programme Management Groups.
The project covers eight states and seeks to fully connect all 1,632 Gram Panchayats along the Ganga to a sanitation system by 2022
✅Namami Gange Mission
Aims at providing comprehensive and sustainable solutions for a cleaner ecosystem along the stretch of 97 towns and 4,465 villages on the Ganga stem.
Namami Gange is being implemented by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and its state counterparts—State Programme Management Groups.
The project covers eight states and seeks to fully connect all 1,632 Gram Panchayats along the Ganga to a sanitation system by 2022
#PT_Revision
✅Humboldt Current (Peru Current)
• This cold water current moves from south to north along the coast of Chile and Peru
in the eastern parts of the South Pacific Ocean.
• It was identified for the first time by Alexander von Humboldt when he visited
Colombia and Ecuador in 1802.
• In recent years, the phenomenon of EI-Nino has been observed when this cold water
current becomes relatively warm.
• In the year of EI-Nino, the weather and climate are adversely affected.
✅Humboldt Current (Peru Current)
• This cold water current moves from south to north along the coast of Chile and Peru
in the eastern parts of the South Pacific Ocean.
• It was identified for the first time by Alexander von Humboldt when he visited
Colombia and Ecuador in 1802.
• In recent years, the phenomenon of EI-Nino has been observed when this cold water
current becomes relatively warm.
• In the year of EI-Nino, the weather and climate are adversely affected.
Reports_
State of Food Security and Nutrition report.
- Released recently by UN
- prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF.
- Report says that around 8.9% of the world population, that is 690 million went hungry in 2019.
# PT_ Revision
State of Food Security and Nutrition report.
- Released recently by UN
- prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF.
- Report says that around 8.9% of the world population, that is 690 million went hungry in 2019.
# PT_ Revision
#PT_Revision
Difference between SAARC and BIMSTEC
SAARC
1. A regional organisation looking into South Asia
2. Established in 1985 during the cold war era.
3. Member countries suffer for mistrust and suspicion.
4. Suffers from regional politics.
5. Asymmetric power balance.
6. Intra-regional trade only 5 percent.
BIMSTEC
1. Interregional organisation connecting South Asia and South East Asia.
2. Established in 1997 in the post-Cold War.
3. Members maintain reasonably friendly relations.
4. Core objective is the improvement of economic cooperation among countries.
5. Balancing of power with the presence of Thailand and India on the block.
6. Intra-regional trade has increased around 6 precent in a decade
Difference between SAARC and BIMSTEC
SAARC
1. A regional organisation looking into South Asia
2. Established in 1985 during the cold war era.
3. Member countries suffer for mistrust and suspicion.
4. Suffers from regional politics.
5. Asymmetric power balance.
6. Intra-regional trade only 5 percent.
BIMSTEC
1. Interregional organisation connecting South Asia and South East Asia.
2. Established in 1997 in the post-Cold War.
3. Members maintain reasonably friendly relations.
4. Core objective is the improvement of economic cooperation among countries.
5. Balancing of power with the presence of Thailand and India on the block.
6. Intra-regional trade has increased around 6 precent in a decade
#PT_Revision
🔰Herd immunity ( Herd effect/social immunity)
- It is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease
- When a large percentage of a population becomes immune to an infection, through vaccination or previous infections, it breaks the chain of transmission.
Thus protects Non-immune individuals and stops the spread of a disease.
Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious
🔰Herd immunity ( Herd effect/social immunity)
- It is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease
- When a large percentage of a population becomes immune to an infection, through vaccination or previous infections, it breaks the chain of transmission.
Thus protects Non-immune individuals and stops the spread of a disease.
Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious
#PT_Revision
🔰National Parks situated in Assam
1. Kaziranga National Park
2. Manas National Park
3. Nameri National Park,
4. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
5. Orang National Park.
🔰National Parks situated in Assam
1. Kaziranga National Park
2. Manas National Park
3. Nameri National Park,
4. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
5. Orang National Park.
#PT_Revision
Spy Satellite - RISAT-2BR1
- launched by ISRO in Dec 2019
- radar imaging reconnaissance satellite
- carried by PSLV-C48.
- The launch marked 50th successful mission of PSLV rocket and 75th launch vehicle mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
Spy Satellite - RISAT-2BR1
- launched by ISRO in Dec 2019
- radar imaging reconnaissance satellite
- carried by PSLV-C48.
- The launch marked 50th successful mission of PSLV rocket and 75th launch vehicle mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
#PT_Revision
India’s Nuclear Energy Programme
The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha.
Objective: To provide safe and reliable electric power for the country’s social and economic progress and to be self reliant in all aspects of nuclear technology.
India has adopted a three stage strategy of nuclear power generation:
Stage 1 Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):
The PHWR is a pressure tube type reactor using heavy water (D2O) moderator, heavy water coolant and natural uranium dioxide fuel.
Stage 2 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR): India’s second stage of nuclear power generation uses the Pu-239 obtained from the first stage reactor operation, as the main fissile element of fuel core in fast breeder reactors (FBR).
Stage 3 Thorium based Reactor: Thorium utilization is the long term objective of the Indian Nuclear Power Programme.
In this stage Breeder reactors are based on Thorium- Uranium-233 cycle.
India’s Nuclear Energy Programme
The nuclear energy programme in India was launched around the time of independence under the leadership of Homi J. Bhabha.
Objective: To provide safe and reliable electric power for the country’s social and economic progress and to be self reliant in all aspects of nuclear technology.
India has adopted a three stage strategy of nuclear power generation:
Stage 1 Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):
The PHWR is a pressure tube type reactor using heavy water (D2O) moderator, heavy water coolant and natural uranium dioxide fuel.
Stage 2 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR): India’s second stage of nuclear power generation uses the Pu-239 obtained from the first stage reactor operation, as the main fissile element of fuel core in fast breeder reactors (FBR).
Stage 3 Thorium based Reactor: Thorium utilization is the long term objective of the Indian Nuclear Power Programme.
In this stage Breeder reactors are based on Thorium- Uranium-233 cycle.
#PT_Revision
✔️Poshan Atlas- MoWCD➡️ mapping crops diversity
✔️Indian brain atlas- IIT Hyderabad
✔️ Geochemical Baseline Atlas of India- CSIR (NGRI)➡️metals, oxides and elements in to top and bottom soil+ assessing pollution
✔️ Unique Flood Hazard Atlas- Nat. Remote Sensing Centre
✔️ Wasteland Atlas- MoRD
✔️ National Wetland Atlas- ISRO
✔️ Tobacco Atlas- American Cancer Society
✔️ Diabetes Atlas- International Diabetes federation
✔️Poshan Atlas- MoWCD➡️ mapping crops diversity
✔️Indian brain atlas- IIT Hyderabad
✔️ Geochemical Baseline Atlas of India- CSIR (NGRI)➡️metals, oxides and elements in to top and bottom soil+ assessing pollution
✔️ Unique Flood Hazard Atlas- Nat. Remote Sensing Centre
✔️ Wasteland Atlas- MoRD
✔️ National Wetland Atlas- ISRO
✔️ Tobacco Atlas- American Cancer Society
✔️ Diabetes Atlas- International Diabetes federation