Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช
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ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุฅูŠุตุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุณู„ุณ ูˆุณู‡ู„


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Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum all share which attachment site?
Anonymous Quiz
64%
The common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
16%
Base of fifth metacarpal
20%
Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna
Which muscle group is responsible for adducting the fingers?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Palmaris longus
33%
Palmar interossei
41%
Flexor digitorum superficialis
The flexors are located on the___________ side of the forearm.
Anonymous Quiz
6%
Lateral
6%
Posterior
88%
Anterior
๐Ÿฅฒ๐Ÿ’”
๐Ÿ˜2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(7)

๐ŸŒธ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐ŸŒธ
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุญุงุชูƒู„ู… ู„ูŠูƒู… ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุณูŠุท ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูˆุธุฑูŠู ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š

โœจAnatomy of the hand โœจ

๐Ÿ–‡The hand is the manual part of the upper limb distal to the forearm .
ุทูŠุจ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุดู†ูˆุŸ
โœจThe human hand is designed for:
โ–ช๏ธgrasping
โ–ช๏ธprecise movement
โ–ช๏ธserving as tactile organ
๐Ÿ”ฅmuscle of the hand ๐Ÿ”ฅ
๐Ÿ–‡ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌู‡ ุญ ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ู„
: 3 groups
โ™ป๏ธ Muscle of lateral compartment ( Thenar mucle) :
1โƒฃ Abductor pollicis brevis:
โ–ช๏ธ: from common origin of the thenar m
ูŠู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ: - lateral part of flex retinaculum
- tubercle of scaphoid
- crest of trapezium
โ–ช๏ธI : base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ุจุชุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ:
median n
โ–ช๏ธุงู„ุจุชุนู…ู„ Abducts the thumb.
2โƒฃ Flexor pollicis brevis:
ู†ุฌุฏู‡ ููŠ
โ–ช๏ธ : base of proximal phalanx.
โ–ช๏ธุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุงู„ุฏุงุนู…ู‡ ู„ู‡: Median .N
ุทูŠุจ ูˆุธูŠูู‡ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุฏู‡ ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆูˆ:๐Ÿค” flexes the proximal phalanx of the thumb .
3โƒฃ Opponen pollicis:
โ–ช๏ธI : ant surface of the 1st metacarpal bone.
โ–ช๏ธ N/S : median n .
โ–ช๏ธA ction.: opposes the thumb against other finger.
4โƒฃ Adductor pollicis: ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ุง ุชุจุน ุงู„ intermediate group
โ–ช๏ธOrigin : ๐Ÿ”น oblique head from base of the 1st &2nd metacarpal and capitate bone
๐Ÿ”น transverse head: from the front of the 3rd metacarpal
โ–ช๏ธ ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ
: base of proximal phalanx of the thumb.
โ–ช๏ธN/ S : deep branch ofulnar n
โ–ช๏ธAction: adducts the thumb.
โ™ป๏ธ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ hypothenar group: Muscle of medial compartment
1โƒฃ Abductor digiti minimi
2โƒฃ flexor digiti minimi brevis
3โƒฃ opponens digiti minimi
all supplied by deep branch of ulnar n
โ™ป๏ธ muscle of the intermediate compartment:
ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุชูŠู†
1โƒฃ lumbrical muscle
2โƒฃ interosseous muscle ูˆุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ูŠ palmar and dorsal
โ–ช๏ธpalmaris brevis m.
๐Ÿ–‡ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„flexor retinaculum ูˆุงู„ palmar aponeurosis
ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ insertion ููŠ ุงู„. skin of the ulnar border of the hand
N supply: superficial br of ulnar n.
ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ cupping of the hand.
โœจุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ Deep fascia:
ุจู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง Thin over the thenar and
hypothenar but thick in the centeral part ( palmar aponeurosis)
๐Ÿ–‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ palmar aponeurosis:
ู‡ูˆ. thicken of deep fascia triangular in shape occupied central area of the hand .
โ™ป๏ธ the apex attach to the distal borader of flexor retinacullum .
โ™ป๏ธ the base divided into 4 slips at the base of the fingers
ูˆุธูŠูุชูˆ ุดู†ูˆุŸ
protect the underlying structure and give firm attachment to the skin.
๐Ÿ–‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ retinaculum ุฏุง ุดู†ูˆุŸ
ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† strong band of deep fascia
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง flexor and extensor retinaculum
โ–ช๏ธ flexor retinaculum stretches across the ant suface of carpal bones covering the concavity of the carpus into atunnel for the passage of flexor tendons from the forearm to the hand.
โ–ช๏ธ Extensor retinaculum:
lies obliquely across the extensor tendons at the junction of the back of forearm & the hand.
longer ,thinner, & higher than flexor retinaculum.
โœจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุงู‡ู… ๐Ÿ”ฅ
๐Ÿ”ฅ skeleton of the hand ๐Ÿ”ฅ
ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ูˆ ู„ 3
โ–ช๏ธcarpal bones:
ูˆุฏูŠู„ 8 ู…ุฑุตูˆุตูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ุตููŠู†
1- proximal row from lateral to medial โžก๏ธ scaphoid, lunate, triquetrial & pisiform
2- distal row โžก๏ธ trapezium, trapezoid, capitate & hamate
ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ู… ูƒูŠูุŸ : ๐Ÿ˜…
ุณู„ู…ู‰ ู„ูŠู„ูŠ ุชู„ุนุจ ุจูˆูƒุฑ ุชูƒุณุจ ุชุฎุณุฑ ูƒู„ูˆ ู‡ุธุงุฑ
ุงู‡ู… ุญุงุฌู‡ ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„. pisiform ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† sesamoid bone inside the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
ูˆุงู†ูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ capitate
ูˆุงู„ hamate ุนู†ุฏูˆ hook ูˆู‡ูˆ related to the deep br of ulnar n .
โ–ช๏ธ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ metacarpal bones:
ู‡ู… 5 ูˆุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† long bones ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† shaft & 2 heads
โ–ช๏ธุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู„ phalanges:
14 long bones
ููŠ ุงู„ thumb ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 2 : proximal & distal
ูˆุงู„ 4 ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… 3 : proximal, middle & distal.
๐Ÿ”ฅุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Carpal tunnel : it is an osseofibrous tunnel formed by carpal groove and flexor retinaculum.
โ™ป๏ธ transmit: - median n,flexor digitorum superficialis ,flexor digitorum profundus & flexor pollicis longus .
๐Ÿ”ฅ Carpal tunnel syndrome :also called median nerve compression, is a condition that causes numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand at thet distribution of median nerve. also it contain motor symptoms .
๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ”ฅ2
โ–ช๏ธcauses: - arthritis of the wrist and carpal joint
- dislocation or fracture
- tendosynovitis
- thickening of the synovial sheath .
๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ

#muscloskeletal_system
#Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
Which of the following bones are part of each finger?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
The radius
3%
The carpal bones
15%
The metacarpals
71%
The phalanges
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(8)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
ู…ุดุชุงู‚ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ˜œ

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
"Breast anatomy"

โ—ุทูŠูŠูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆุŸ๐Ÿค”
It's a glandular organ located in the chest. Which has fats,connective tissue and skin

โ— ูˆ ููŠู‡ูˆ mammary glands  ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ modified sweat glands  ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„milk

๐Ÿ”ถู…ุญู„ูˆ ูˆูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŸ๐Ÿค”
It's extends from 2nd &6th ribs vertically ๐Ÿ™ƒ
ูˆุจุฑุถูˆ transversely from the latral border of the sternum to the midaxillary line ๐Ÿ˜
๐Ÿ’ขุทุจุนุง ุฏุง ูƒู„ูˆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„superfascial facia of the pectoral region ...  ูˆุงู„ุจูุตู„ ุจูŠู†ูˆ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„pectoral fascia
Loos connective tissue called "Retro_mammary space"


+ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุฏุง ุจู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„axilla  ูˆุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ูˆ axillary tail ๐Ÿค“

๐Ÿ”ถุงุฑุญ ู†ุดูˆู ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูˆ

โ—ุทูŠุจ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„nipple ูˆุฏุง ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุงู„luctiferous duct ...
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„nipple  ุจุชุญูŠุท ุจูŠู‡ูˆ dark colored area called areola   
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุชุญูŠุท ุจูŠู‡ุง ุบุฏุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง mantgomery glands ๐Ÿคฏ  ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง modified sebaceous gland  ุจุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฒูŠุชูŠุฉ ุจุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„areola

โ—ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„breast ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 15_20 lobes which radiat out from the nipple
.. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู‡ู… ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ููŠ ุงู„lobes ุฏูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุชูุชุญ ููŠ ุงู„nipple ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ampulla

โ—ูˆููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูุตู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lobes ุฏูŠู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fibrous septa ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ูˆ suspensory ligaments ๐Ÿซฅ

๐Ÿ”ถBlood supply:
ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ :
1.axillary artery
ูˆุฏุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„latral thoracic &acromiothoracic branch

2.internal thoracic
ุฃู…ุง ุฏุง ูุจูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„perforating branches

3.Intercostal arteries
ูˆุฏุง ููŠู‡ูˆ ุงู„anterior &posterior

๐Ÿ’ขุงู…ุง ุงู„venous drainage ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู„axillary vein ๐Ÿซก

๐Ÿ”ถLymphatic drainage

ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ :
1. Axillary lymph nodes
2.parasternal nodes
3.posterior intercostal
4.sub diaphragmatic

โ€ขูˆู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฏุง ูุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ุงู„ breast cancer ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑูˆ ุณุฑูŠุน


ูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏู„ู„ู‡ ..ุนู‚ุจุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ๐Ÿฅณ๐Ÿซก
ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู… โœ‹
#muscloskeletal_system
#Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿฅฐ1
Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(8) ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹ ู…ุดุชุงู‚ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ˜œ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† "Breast anatomy" โ—ุทูŠูŠูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆุŸ๐Ÿค” It's a glandular organ located in the chest. Which has fats,connective tissue and skin โ— ูˆ ููŠู‡ูˆ mammary glands  ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ modifiedโ€ฆ
ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ :
ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฎููŠูุฉ ูƒุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ breast ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง .
๐Ÿ”นglandular structure that produces milk for the baby consists of 10_15 loops each loop contains multiple lobules

๐Ÿ”นModified sweat gland embryologicaly derived from the skin
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ sweat gland ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ skin

๐Ÿ”นBreast tissue can develop anywhere along the milk line
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ milk line ุฏูŠ ุดู†ูˆุŸ๐Ÿค”
ุฏุง ุจูˆุตู ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง breast tissues ูˆูƒู„ ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ breast ุจุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ axilla to groin

๐Ÿ”นthe terminal duct lobular unit is the functional unit of the breast
ุทูŠุจ ุฏูŠ ุดู†ูˆุŸ๐Ÿค”
ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† lobule ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง glandular spaces ุตุบุงุฑ ุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠุตู†ุนูˆุง ุงู„ milk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ูŠุชุตู†ุน ุญ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู„ุจูŠุจูŠ ู ุญ ูŠุญุงุฌ duct ูŠุทู„ุน ุจูŠู‡ุง
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฅุฎุชุตุงุฑ
It consists of lobule that contain glandular spaces that drains via duct in nipples
It has two ducts
๐Ÿ”ชextralobular terminal duct
ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ lobule
๐Ÿ”ชintralobular terminal duct
ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ glands ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ


๐Ÿ”นlobules and small ducts form and are present in highest density in the upper outer quadrant.

๐Ÿ”นthey are lined by two epithelial layer:

1\Luminal cell layer
ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุตู†ุน ุงู„ milk

2\Myoepithelial cell layer
ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู‡ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุถู„ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ contractile function ุนุดุงู† ุชุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ุจู† ููŠ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ nipples
ูˆ ุจุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ oxytocin

๐Ÿ”นBreast are hormone sensitive.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง mainly ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ู‡ุฑูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ estrogen ูˆุงู„ progesterone ูˆ prolactin ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ:
๐Ÿ”ธafter puberty
๐Ÿ”ธduring menstrual cycle
๐Ÿ”ธduring pregnancy
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ corpus luteum (ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุถุฉ ู„ูˆ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุญุช ๐ŸŒš )ููŠ first trimester
ูˆุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ fetus, and placenta in late pregnancy

๐Ÿ”นุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ(before puberty) ุงูˆ ุจุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง atrophy ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
(After menopause)

โ™จ๏ธ Breast and milk production during pregnancy:
ุทูŠุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ breast tissues ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ milk ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณุฉ ู…ุงููŠ baby ู ุงู„ุจุญุตู„ ูƒุงู„ุงุชูŠ
Milk production inhibited by estrogen and progesterone
ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ baby ูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ ุจุจุฏุง ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ milk
ุทูŠุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ู†ูุณู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุฏุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ุŸุŸ
ุงู„ุงุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
nipples simulation by the baby during breast
feeding
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ prolactin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆู‚ู ุงู„ menstrual cycle
ูˆ ุงู„ oxytocin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
Duct contraction

โญ•๏ธGalactorrhea
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ milk production ุจุญุตู„ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
ู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ุญุตู„ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงู„ุฏุฉ ุฏุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ glactorrhea ูˆุจุชุญุตู„ ุจุนุฏุฉ ุงุณุจุงุจ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง:
โ™ฆ๏ธnipples simulation ( ุฏุง ุงู„ commonest physiological cause )
โ™ฆ๏ธprolactinoma of the anterior pituitary (common pathologic cause)
โ™ฆ๏ธdrugs like dopamine antagonist
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ prolactin ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ milk production ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูˆุงู„ dopamine ุจูŠุนู…ู„
Inhibition for prolactin
ู ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู„ุงูƒุชูŠู†๐Ÿ˜

โญ•๏ธNOTE GLACTORRHEA DOESN'T PRESENT WITH BREAST CANCERโญ•๏ธ

โญ•๏ธGynecomastia:
ู‡ูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง breast tissues in male
ุจุณุจุจ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ estrogen to androgene levels
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุณุจุงุจ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ:
๐Ÿ”นnew born male baby
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุฑุฌูŠู† ุฌุง ู„ู„ุจูŠุจูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
๐Ÿ”นpuberty in males
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ during puberty ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ androgene ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ fat ูŠุนู†ุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ู‡ู… ุฒุงูŠุฏ ุดุฏูŠุฏ
๐Ÿ”นolder in male
ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุชูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู† ุจู‚ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ

ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฃุณุจุงุจ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ:

๐Ÿ”ธLiver Cirrhosis :
๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš
ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ูƒุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ metabolism ุญู‚ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจู‚ู„ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
๐Ÿ”ธklinefelter syndrome :
Cases hypogonadism
#muscloskeletal_system #Summary_squeezer_team
๐Ÿ”ฅ2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(9)
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹

ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู†:


๐Ÿ’ฆJOINT OF upper limb ๐Ÿ’ฆ


ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ synovial ุŒjoint ุจุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ upper limb ุจุงู„ุญุฑุฑูƒุฉ๐Ÿฆฟ

ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ shoulder ูˆ ุงู„ elbow regions ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ joint
ูˆ ุงู„wrist ุจู„ุต ุงู„ hand ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ joints๐Ÿ™„

ุงูˆู„ุง ู†ุดูˆูˆู ุงู„
๐Ÿ”ฐThe shoulder joints ๐Ÿ’ช

ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง
๐ŸŒ€ Sternoclavicular joint
๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ articulation
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sternal end of the clavical
( The manubrium sterni)
ูˆ ุงู„ first costal cartilage
๐Ÿ’ขู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ
ุงู„ manubrium sterni ุฏุง ุงู„ site ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ ุงู„
medial end of the clavical

๐Ÿ’ขู†ูˆุน ุงู„ joint
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† synovial double- plane joint

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ capsule
ุจุชุญูŠุท ุงู„ joint ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ attachment ู„ู„ margins of the articular surface

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ ligaments
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† capsule ุจูŠุฏุนู… ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ู„ joint ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ strong Sternoclavicular ligaments

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ articular disc
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† flat fibrocartilaginous disc ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ joint ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุดู†ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ joint's anterior ุงู„ู‰ two compartments
medial ูˆ lateral

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ accessory ligaments
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ costoclavicular ligaments
ุนุงุจุฑุฉ ุนู† strong ligaments ุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ first rib ู…ุน ุงู„ first costal cartilage ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ inferior surface of the sternal end of the clavical

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ synovial membrane
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ joint capsule ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ attached ู„ู„ margins of the cartilage

๐Ÿ’ข ุงู„ nerve supply
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ supraclavicular nerve and the nerve to subclavius muscle
๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ movements

ุจุชุญุฑูƒ forward ูˆ backward ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ clavical ููŠ ุงู„ medial joint compartment
ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ Elevation ูˆ depression ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ clavical ููŠ ุงู„ lateral joint compartments

๐ŸŒ€ Glenohumeral joint ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿฆพ
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆุง shoulder joint

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ Articulation
ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ rounded head of the humerus ูˆ ุงู„ shallow, pear- shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„Hyaline cartilage ุจุชุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ articular surface
ูˆ ููŠ ุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ glenoid cavity ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ fibrocartilaginous rim

๐Ÿ’ขู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ
ุงู„ fibrocartilaginous rim
ูŠุนุฑู ุจุงู„ glenoid labrum

๐Ÿ’ขู†ูˆุน ุงู„ joint
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ synovial ball- socket joint

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ capsule
ูŠุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ joint ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ attachment medially to the margin of the glenoid cavity
ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ labrum
ูˆ attachment laterally ู…ุน ุงู„ anatomic neck of the humerus
ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ุจูŠ wide range of movement
ูˆ ุงู„ fibrous slips from the tendons of thr the rotator cuff muscles strengthened the capsule

๐Ÿ’ขู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ
ุงู„ rotator cuff muscles
ู‡ูŠ subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor muscles
ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู‡ู… ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ shoulder region

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ ligaments
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ligaments
ูŠุนุฑู ุจูŠ ุงู„ glenohumeral ligaments
ูˆ transverse humeral ligament
ูˆ coracohumeral ligament

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ Accessory ligament
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ coracoacromial ligament
ุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ coracoid process ุงู„ู‰ acromial
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ superior aspect of the joint

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ synovial membrane
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ capsule ูˆ ุจุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง attached ู…ุน ุงู„ margin of cartilage ุงู„ู…ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ articular surface
ุจูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู†ุง tubular sheath ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ tendon of long the long head of the biceps brachii

๐Ÿ’ข ุงู„ Nerve supply
Axillary and suprascapular nerves

๐Ÿ’ขุงู„ movements
ุงู„ shoulder joint has a wide range of movement
ุงูˆู„ุง
โ™๏ธ Flexion
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ 90
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ anterior fibers of
โšœ Deltoid muscles
โšœ Pectoralis major
โšœ Biceps
โšœ Coracobrachialis muscles

โ™๏ธ Extension
ูˆ ุงู„ normal 45
ูˆ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ posterior fibers of the
โšœ Deltoid
โšœ Latissmus dorsi
โšœ Teres major muscles

โ™๏ธ Abduction

Abduction of upper limb ุจูŠุญุฏุซ
ููŠ ุงู„ shoulder joint ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ scapula ูˆ thoracic wall
โšœ Supraspinatus ( initiate)
โšœ Deltoid muscles (middle fibers)

โ™๏ธ Adduction
ุงู„ normal ูคูฅ swung 45 across the front of the chest
โšœ Pectoralis major
โšœ Latissmus dorsi
โšœ Teres major
โšœ Teres minor

โ™๏ธ Lateral rotation
ุงู„ normal lateral rotation is 40 to 45
โšœ Infraspinatus
โšœ Teres minor
โšœ Deltoid ( posterior fibers)

โ™๏ธ Medial rotation
Normal rotation is 55

โšœ Subscapularis
โšœ Latissmus dorsi
โšœ Teres major
โšœ Deltoid ( anterior fibers)

โ™๏ธ Circumduction
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
Combination of the above movement
ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู† ุงู„ joint ูƒุชูŠุฑ ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜…๐Ÿ˜ฑ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ rest ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู†ูˆุงุตู„ ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู† ุดุขุก ุงู„ู„ู‡

#muscloskeletal_system #Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(10)

ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงูุงุถู„ โค๏ธ ๐Ÿ‘‹

ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
Blood supply of upper
limb
ุงูˆู„ุง
Content of blood supply of upper limb
1_arteries of upper limb
2_venous of upper limb
ู†ู…ุณูƒ

1 arteries of upper limb ๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ
1_subclavin
ูˆุฏุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู„ูƒู„ artery
2_Axillary artery
3_Brachial artery
ูˆุฏุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุฏุง ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ upper limb ๐Ÿ˜‰
ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุชู…ุดูˆุง ุจุนูŠุฏ
4_ulner artery
5_radial artery
ูˆุฏูŠู„ ุงูˆู„ุงุฏ brachial artery ๐Ÿ˜‚

ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
Part 1

1_subclavin artery ๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ
ูˆุฏุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† aorta
ุงู„ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† heart ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
Branches of aortic :
A_left subclavin
B_left common cartiod
C_brachiocephalic
ูˆุฏุง ุจุฑุถูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†
1_right subclavin
2_right common cartiod

ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ subclavin artery
ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ๐Ÿง
1_The right artery originates from the brachiocephalic artery.

2_The left artery originates from the arch of the aorta

ูˆูƒุฏุง ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ artery ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ”ฅ

2_Axillary artery ๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ
ูˆุฏุง ุทุจุนุง ุณู…ุนู†ุง ุนู†ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ๐Ÿค”
ููŠ content of axilla

ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฏุง ู†ูุณูˆุง subclavian artery
ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ๐Ÿ˜‰
ุฏุฎู„ axilla ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ุงุณู…ูˆ axillary artery
ู†ุดูˆู ุจุจุฏุง ูˆูŠู† ูˆุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ๐Ÿ’ช
๐Ÿ“Begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib as continuation of the subclavian artery.

๐Ÿ“End at lower border of teres major

๐Ÿ“Is crossed anteriorly by the pectoralis minor muscle, and is divided into three parts; 1st, 2nd
& 3rd.


ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช axillary artery ๐Ÿฉธ ๐Ÿฉธ
๐Ÿ“1_The 1st part of the axillary artery
ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ูˆู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡
Extends from the lateral border of 1st rib to upper border of the pectoralis minor
ุจุชูุฑุน ุชูุฑุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณ
one branch: Highest thoracic artery

ูˆุจูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ุตุŒ ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ’ช

๐Ÿ“The 2nd part of the axillary artery
ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†
behind the pectoralis minor muscle.
ูˆุฏุง ุจุชูุฑุน ุชูุฑุนูŠู†
Two branches: Thoracoacromial
Lateral thoracic.

ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงุฎุฑ ุชูุฑุน ๐Ÿ˜…
๐Ÿ“The 3rd part of the axillary artery
ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู†
Extends from the lower border of pectoralis minor muscle to the lower border teres major muscle.
ูˆุฏุง ุจุชูุฑุน ุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
Gives three Branches: 1_Subscabular

2_Anterior circumflex humeral
3_Posterior circumflex humeral.

ุจูƒุฏุง ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† blood supply of upper limb ๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿฅณ
#muscloskeletal_system #Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ุงูุงุถู„ โค๏ธ๐Ÿ‘‹

ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
Blood supply of upper limb

ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
Part 2
ู†ูˆุงุตู„
๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ arteries of upper limb
1_subcalvin
ูˆุฏุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู„ูƒู„ artery
ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ๐Ÿ‘†
2_Axillary artery

ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ๐Ÿ‘†

3_Brachial artery
ูˆุฏุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุฏุง ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ upper limb๐Ÿ˜‰
ู‡ุชู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุชู…ุดูˆุง ุจุนูŠุฏ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ

4_ulner artery
5_radial artery

ูŠู„ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดุฑูŠุงู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุดูŠุงุก
1_ oragin of artery
2-course of artery
3_braches of artery

ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ
A_Brachial artery
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงุตู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู†
๐Ÿ“ Origin of the brachial artery :
Continuation of axillary artery ( from subclavian artery )

ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ู…ุณูƒ ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู†
๐Ÿ“Course of the artery
A_ From Lower border of teres major

B_into laterally posterior to median nerve in front of arm

C_end their at the level of neck of radius

D_ Terminates by dividing in to 2 >>> Radial and ulnar arteries

ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงุฎุฑ ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ูˆุชูุฑุนุงุช๐Ÿค 
๐Ÿ“Branches :
A_ Muscular branches : B_profunda brachii artery
C_ superior ulnar collateral artery
D_ nutrient humeral artery
E_ inferior ulnar collateral artery
F_ radial artery
G_ ulnar artery
**Anastamoses : around elbow joint
ููŠู‡ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฏุง ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ู…ู†ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜
Blood pressure

ูˆูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ ู„ู„ upper limb๐Ÿค๐Ÿค

ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุฏ ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ
4_ulna artery๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ
ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ุงุชุจุนู†ุงู‡ุง ููˆู‚๐Ÿ‘† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
๐Ÿ“Origin of the artery
From brachial artery (larger branch )

๐Ÿ“Course of the artery
A_From cubital fossa
B_Runs oblique downwards and medially ( in upper 1/3 of forearm)
C_Runs vertically downwards ( in lower 2/3 of forearm )
D_ Runs superficial to flexor retinaculum(Carpal tunnal)
E_ finally Enters palm f_Terminates by dividing in to 2 >>> Superficial and deep palmar branches

๐Ÿ“Branches of ulner artery :
A_Superficial palmar branch : forms superficial palmar arch
ูˆุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
channel between ulnar & radial artery

B_ Deep palmar branch : forms deep palmar arch

ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ ูˆู„ุฏ ู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠ ๐Ÿ˜‰
ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑ artery
๐Ÿ˜ธ

5_radial artery ๐Ÿฉธ๐Ÿฉธ
๐Ÿ“Origin of the artery From brachial artery ( smaller branch )
๐Ÿ“Course of the artery
A_From Neck of the radius

B_ Enters anatomical snuff box posteriorly ( deep to tendons of abductor pollicis longus , extensor pollicis brevis , extensor pollicis longus & superficial to lateral ligament wrist joint ) >>> Reach proximal end of 1st interosseous space

C_Passes between 2 heads of fisrt dorsal interosseous muscle & 2 heads of adductor pollicis longus >>> Forms deep palmar arch

๐Ÿ“Branches
A_ Radial recurrent artery

B_muscular branches

C_palmar carpal branch

D_dorsal carpal branch

E_superficial palmar branch

F_dorsum of hand : Lateral branch to thumb , 1st dorsal metacarpal artery

H-palm of hand :
Princeps pollicis artery
radialis indicis artery

ุชุนุจุชูˆุง ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿคฏ
ู…ุนุงูƒู… ุญู‚ ูˆู†ุญู† ุฒุงุชู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง artery of upper limb
#muscloskeletal_system #Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1
ู†ูˆุงุตู„
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿค 
2_venous of upper limb

ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุซูŠูŠุฑุฉ
Dorsal venous arch Tributaries: 3 dorsal

A_metacarpal veins

B_dorsal digital veins

C_Cephalic vein

๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“ Cephalic vein
ุฏุง ุจุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุง dorsal veins ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง Cephalic vein ูˆุฏุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ laterally

๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“Basilic vein
ูˆุฏุง ุฒูŠ ุงุฎูˆู‡Cephalic vein ูˆู„ูƒู† medially

ููŠู‡ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฌูŠvein ุงุณู…ูˆ median vein ุฏุง ุนุงู…ู„ ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู† Cephalic vein and Basilic vein
ุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฏุง ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ุญู‚ ุญู‚ู†ุฉ๐Ÿ’‰๐Ÿ’‰ ูˆุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹

#muscloskeletal_system #Summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ”ฅ1