Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช
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ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุฅูŠุตุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุณู„ุณ ูˆุณู‡ู„


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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(53)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠ ุดุจุงุจ  ุฃู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจูŠู† ๐Ÿ‘‹โค๏ธ๐Ÿ˜Š

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†๐Ÿค”

   ๐Ÿ’ข  muscle of mastication :-

ูˆู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู‚ู‡๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ•๐Ÿคค ๐Ÿฅจ

              ูŠู„ุง  ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุง ๐Ÿซก๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ›‘ุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ู… muscles 4โƒฃู…ูˆุฌุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ ๐Ÿ’€skull :
1-masseter
2- temporalis
3- medial pterygoid
4-latral pterygoid

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹:-
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡๐Ÿ˜ป๐Ÿค ู‡ูŠ:

1-they take origin from skull.
2-inserted into mandible .
3-they act on temporomandibular joint .
โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
-ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ  ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ ๐ŸคŒู…ุงุดูŠู† ูˆูŠู†๐Ÿšถ๐Ÿคš ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ joint ุฏู‡:

-ุงูˆู„ุง โ˜๏ธู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠู† articular tubercle ูˆ anterior portion of the
mandibular fossa
-ุซุงู†ูŠุงโœŒ๏ธ ู†ูˆุนู‡ synovial joint

4-they supply by mandibular nerve

       ูƒุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡.

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู„ุซุงู‹:-
Movement of mandible๐ŸŒช:

_elevation โฌ†๏ธand depressionโฌ‡๏ธ.
_protraction โžก๏ธand retractionโฌ…๏ธ .
_side by side movementsโญโฎ.

โœจุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… muscle muscle ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ originูˆุงู„ insertionูˆ ุงู„ action ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐูŠ locomotor๐Ÿ˜ณ ู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุงุฎ ุฏู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ุดูˆูŠู‡๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜‚

๐Ÿ’ข1/Masseter muscle :-

-โœจ origin : lower border and inner aspect of zygomatic .

- โœจinsertion: outer surface of ramus arch of mandible .

- โœจaction:
1- elevation of mandible.                                                 (.    anti-gravity muscle
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏู‡ ุทูˆู„ ู… ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ๐Ÿ˜Ž ูˆ ุชุชุฑุชุฎูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู…๐Ÿ˜ด)
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof the mandible.
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ูˆู†ูƒู…ู„ ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿƒ

๐Ÿ’ข2/ Temporals muscle :-

โญ๏ธ has 2 fiber anterior and posterior ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ action     ู…ุนูŠู† .

-โœจorigin:"3T" temporal fossa , temporal fascia , inferior temporal line .

- โœจinsertion: coronid process

-โœจaction :
1-โฌ†๏ธelevation of mandible by anterior fiber .
2-โฌ…๏ธretraction of mandible by posterior fiber .

ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿซ 

๐Ÿ’ข3/ medial pterygoid muscle

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ  pterygoid ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ silent  P

โญ๏ธ-ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง  mirror image of Masseter muscle

๐Ÿ’ข2/ Temporals muscle :-

โœจ has 2 fiber anterior and posterior ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ action     ู…ุนูŠู† .

-โœจorigin:"3T" temporal fossa , temporal fascia , inferior temporal line .

- โœจinsertion: coronid process

-โœจaction :
1-โฌ†๏ธelevation of mandible by anterior fiber .
2-โฌ…๏ธretraction of mandible by posterior fiber .

ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿซ 

๐Ÿ’ข3/ medial pterygoid muscle

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ  pterygoid ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ silent  P

-ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง mirror image  ู„ู„                                        
Masseter  muscle.

โญ๏ธ- has 2 head superficial and deep.

- โœจorigin :
A- superficial head (tuberosity of maxilla )
B- deep head (medial surface of medial pterygoid plate )

- โœจinsertion : medial surface of ramus above the angle.

- โœจaction:
1- elevation โฌ†๏ธof mandible.
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof mandible.
3- deviations to on sides โ†”๏ธ


๐Ÿ’ข4/lateral pterygoid :-

โญ๏ธุฏูŠ ุงุฎุช ๐Ÿ‘ญุงู„  medial pterygoid
ุจุฑุถูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงupper and lower2 head

- โœจorigin:
A- upper head ( infratemporal crest
B- lower head ( lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate)

-โœจ insertion: pterygoid fova.

-โœจaction:
1- depressionโฌ‡๏ธ of mandible.
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof mandible.
3- deviations โ†”๏ธto one side .

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ๐Ÿ‘€ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑูƒุฒูˆ ููŠ medial and lateral pterygoid  ุตุฑุงุญู‡ ุจุชู„ุฎุจุท๐Ÿ˜ฉ๐Ÿ˜ญ.

ูˆุงุฎูŠุฑุง๐Ÿฅณ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงุฎุฑุง ๐Ÿ˜–

๐Ÿ›‘Nerve supplyโšก๏ธ:-

      ู‚ุงู„ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„  muscles supplied by anterior division of mandibular nerve

๐Ÿ•บู… ุนุฏุง  medial pterygoid ุจุชุชุบุฐูŠ ุจ mine trunk of mandibular nerve

ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ๐Ÿฅณ
ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู… ๐Ÿซก                                         
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ู…ุด ุนุฑูุชูˆู‡ุงุŸ
ูŠู„ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุงูƒู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ๐Ÿ˜
๐Ÿคฃ2๐Ÿ˜1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(54)

ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ูƒูŠู ุญุงู„ูƒู… ๐Ÿคฉุงู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุงุฑุจ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†๐Ÿ˜Š
ูŠู„ุง ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ oral cavity๐Ÿค—

โ—‹ุงู„ oral cavity ู…ุญูŠุทู‡ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ :
-Lips (anteriorly)
-Checks( laterally)
ุทูŠุจ ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู๐Ÿ‘€ :

1) lips๐Ÿ‘„:-

2 fleshed fold surrounding the oral orifice they accommodate obtcularies Oris muscles

. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ muscles of lips [ obtcularies Oris]๐Ÿ˜ฑ

โ—ุทูŠุจ ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ nerve supply๐Ÿ˜–:
_The upper lip by infraorbital nerve
_the lower lip by mental nerve

โ—ูˆุงู„ blood supply ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุณู…ุญ๐Ÿ˜:
The upper lip by: superior lipial artery
Lower lip : inferior lipial artery

โ—ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ lymphatic :
The 2 lips drained in submandibular lymph node ุนุฏุง the center of lower lip drained in submental lymph node๐Ÿซ 


2) the cheeks ( ๐Ÿ˜†ุงู„ุฌุถูˆู…)

-cheeks are continue with lateral sid of nose and lips at [nasolapial groove]
-their muscles is [buccinator muscle ]
-They are lined internally by >mucous membrane
-And coverd externally by >skin >buccal bad of fat > buccophayngeal fascia

โ—Nerve supply:
-buccinator muscle supply by [facial nerve]
-Skin of cheeks supply by buccal branch of mandibular nerve
โšก๏ธ-OK then then oral cavity from inside":
ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„ูŠ 2 :
๐Ÿ‚1)vestibule:

it is the space between teeth and cheeks
- it contains :
1-parotid duct
2- superior lapial frenulum (ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper gums and upper lip)
3- inferior lapial frenulum
4- fornix ( reflection of mucus membrane from gums to lip)

๐Ÿ‚2) oral cavity proper:-

It is the space laying inside teeth and gums
ูŠู„ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† :
1-Tongue
2-Palate)> form the roof of oral cavity
3- teeth
ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„
๐ŸTongue ๐Ÿ‘…
โ—‹ูŠู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† muscular organ ุจู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ุบุทู‰ ุจ mucous membrane .

โ—‹ูˆุธุงูŠูู‡ ู‡ูŠ: test ,deglutition,speech

โ—‹ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„:
apex ,root, body, 2 surfaces ( ventral , dorsal ) ๐Ÿ˜ณ

1) the apex; free and directed anteriorly
2) the root; attached to mandible and hyoid bone
3) ventral surface;-
-It smooth it show the following:-
1- frenulum lingue :"
Formed by mucosa in median plane ุจูŠู† ุงู„ tongue ูˆุงู„ floor of the month
2- deep lingual vein :"
(ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Sublingual administration "ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุชุชุฎุงุฏ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†) ๐Ÿ˜‹
On either side of frenulum lingue
3- fimbriated fold :
Lateral to deep lingual vein ุงุณู…ู‡ุง [plica fimbriate] ๐Ÿ˜ฑ
4) dorsal surface :-
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ V- shaped sulcus terminals
ุฃูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„VุนุฏูŠูŠู„ ๐Ÿ˜
ุจุชู‚ุณู…ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† :
โ—‹- '"anterior 2/3( oral part ):-
It's thick and rough ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ papilae ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูค ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ papilae
- valiate papilae , faliform, foliate, fungiform .๐Ÿ„

ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู… test puds ุนุฏุง ุงู„ faliform papilae
โ—‹- posterior 1/3 ( pharyngeal part )
Smooth and rich in mucous gland
ู„ุญุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ุŸโ˜ป๏ธ ุงุฑุญ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ุงู†ุชูˆ ู„ู‡ุง โค๏ธโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ


๐Ÿ’ช-Muscles of the tongue:-
1- extrinsic muscles
2- intrinsic muscles

๐Ÿฆ‹1) extrinsic muscles:-
ูŠู„ุง ุฏูŠู„ ูค ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุบูŠุฑูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุญุฑูƒูˆู‡ูˆ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู… ุดู†ูˆ ๐Ÿค”
1- genioglossus :-
- ู…ู† ุงู„ superior genial tubricle ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ insertion in whole under surface of the tongue
-ุจุชุนู…ู„ protrusion of the tongue๐Ÿ‘‰

2- hyoglossus :-
-From grater horn of hyoid bone to the posterior 1/2 of side of the tongue
- do depression of the tongue ๐Ÿ‘‡

3- styloglossus :
-From styloid process to whole side of the tongue
-do elevation and retraction of the tongue ๐Ÿ‘†

4- palatoglossus :-
ู…ู† ุงู„ soft palate ู„ุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ side of the tongue
- it elevate back of the tongue and depress the soft palate

๐Ÿฆ‹2) intrinsic muscles:-
ุฏูŠู„ ูŠู„ุง ูค ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุบูŠุฑูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1- superior longitudinal
2-inferior longitudinal
3- transverse ( narrow tongue)๐Ÿคฒ
4- vertical ( flattened the tongue)๐Ÿ‘

๐Ÿค“โšก๏ธThe nerve supply of the tongue :-
โ–กMotor supply > all muscles of the tongue supply by [hypglossal nerve] except palatoglossus muscle supply by[ vago accessory complex ]
ุงุชูู‡ู…๐Ÿค“๐Ÿ‘ุŸ!...ูŠู„ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุจุนุฏูˆ

โ–กposterior 1/3 :- General sensation and test sensation by [ glossopharngeal nerve]

โ–กanterior 2/3 :-
general sensation by [ lingual nerve]
Test sensation by [ chorda tympani]


๐ŸฉธBlood supply of the tongue
By lingual artery ( from common carotid artery) through 2 branches
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ๐Ÿ˜:

1- deep lingual branch [supply anterior part]
2- dorsal lingual branch [supply posterior part]
ู†ุงุงุงูŠุณ๐Ÿคฉ
โšก๏ธThe venous drainage:-
1- deep lingual vein
2-dorsal lingual vein
ุจุณูŠุทุฉ๐Ÿ™ƒ
โšก๏ธ lymphatic drainage:-
1- tip of the tongue in [supmental lymph node]
2-side of the tongue [ submandibular and deep cervical lymph node ]
ุงู„ deep cervical lymph node ู‡ู… ุงู„
- jugulo _omohyoid
- jugulo _digestric
ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆ ุฃู†ูˆ ุงู„ final lymphatic drained of the tongue by > jugulo _omohyoid ๐Ÿซก
๐Ÿ the palat :-
ุฏุง ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ oral cavity and nasal cavity ๐Ÿคฅูˆู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†

(1)- ๐Ÿฆ‹hard palate :-
ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†:
1) palatine process of maxilla > form the anterior 3/4 of hard palate

2) horizontal plate of platin bone > form the posterior 1/4 of hard palate

โ—‡there's incisive formen giving passage for nasopalatine nerve and grater palatine vessels๐Ÿ˜ถ

๐Ÿชขblood supply of hard palate :-
Grater palatine artery from 3rd part of maxillary artery.

๐Ÿชขvenous drainage:
Pterygoid venous plexus
ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ๐Ÿ˜Œ
โšก๏ธnerve supply:-
-Anterior part > naso palatine nerve
- posterior part > grater palatine nerve
ูˆุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุฏูŠู„ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆ branches from [ pterygopalatine ganglia ]

(2)- ๐Ÿฆ‹soft palate:
โ—‹ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ
movable muscular part of palat
โ—‹ุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† posterior border of the hard palate.
โ—‹ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชูุตู„ ู„ูŠ nasopharynx ู…ู†oropharynx

๐Ÿ’ชMuscles of soft palate:-
(ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุถู„ุงุช ๐Ÿ˜‚ )
ใ€ฐ1- tensor palati >

Origin :From scaphoid fossa
Insertion : tend wind around pteyrgoid hamulus
Action : tension of soft palate
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฏู‡ุง
ใ€ฐ2-levator palati>

From> lower surface of petrous temporal bone
To > upper surface of palatine aponeurosis
It elevate soft palate upward and backwards during deglutition
ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุน ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ

ใ€ฐ3- palato pharyngus:

-Originate from upper surface of palatine aponeurosis
-inserted into posterior porder of thyroid cartilage
- elevate pharynx and larynx to close laryngeal inlet during deglutition
ุจุฑุถูˆ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุน๐Ÿ™„

ใ€ฐ4- palatoglossus:

-From Lower surface of palatine aponeurosis
- to side of the tongue
- elevat posterior part of the tongue

โšก๏ธNerve supply of muscles of soft palate:
-motor > all muscles by vagus through pharyngeal plexus except [tensor veli palatini by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve]
- sensory > grater , lesser nasopalatine branches of maxillary
- test > pass through pterygopalatine ganglia to grater petrosal nerve
(ุดุงูŠููƒ ูุนู„ุช ู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฌุฉ ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿญ๐Ÿ˜‚)

ูˆ ุจูƒุฏุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ๐Ÿฅณ
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู…๐Ÿคฒโœจ
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿคฃ1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(55)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
ูƒูŠููƒู… ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุนุณุงูƒู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ ๐Ÿ˜„โœจ

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† organ ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูˆู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏ ุจุนุถ "ุจุนุถ" ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚/ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜‚
ุฃูŠ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุง "Stomach "๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ

ุฃุฑุญ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ๐Ÿค“
โ—‹ุงู„ Stomach ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dilated portion ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠุฉ.

ูˆุญู†ู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 3ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดู…ู„:

(1).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ Stores food..
ููŠ ุงู„ adult ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุนุฉ [capacity] ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ 1500 ml ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุชุฑ ูˆู†ุต ูƒุฏุง๐Ÿ˜ณ
(ุบุงูŠุชูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ุญู‚ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุจููˆุช ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฏุง ุจู…ุฑุงุญู„๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜‚).

(2).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง mix ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ gastric secretions ูˆุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู†ุง semifluid chyme.(ูˆุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุฑุญู„ุชูˆ ุงู„ุจุชุถู…ู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุถู… ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต)๐Ÿซ 

(3).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง control ู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ chyme ุงู„ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ small intestine .๐Ÿ‚

ุชุนุงู„ ู…ุนุงูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ๐Ÿ“
๐Ÿ”ถLocation
ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ stomach ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ abdomen. ูˆุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ left costal margin region ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ epigasteric region .

ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุบุทู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ lower ribs.๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿฆฏ ูˆุฏุง ุจู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง๐Ÿ˜

๐Ÿ”ถDescription
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ J_ shape .
โ—‹ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ูุชุญุชูŠู† [two opening]

ูก.ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุฑุจุทู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ esophagus ูˆุฅุณู…ู‡ุง cardiac orifice(ุณู…ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏุง ู„ุฃู†ูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ๐Ÿซ€ูˆุฏูŠ ุญุชููŠุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู†)

ูข.ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฑุจุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ small intestine ูˆุฅุณู…ู‡ุง pyloric orifice

โ—‹ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุดูƒู„ J ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู†ุญูŠูŠู† [two curvatures] ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ [lesser &greater]๐Ÿ‘ถ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿฆณ

โ—‹ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง two surfaces ูˆุงุญุฏ anterior ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ posterior.

ูˆู…ุน ูƒู„ู„ู„ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏุง ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุฒูˆู„ ู„ุฒูˆู„ (ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ .. ุณู…ูŠู† ุถุนูŠู.. ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ) ูŠุงุฎ ุจุชุฎู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆู„ ุฒุงุชูˆ ุฅุชุฎูŠู„ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜… (ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุฒูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูุงุถูŠุฉ) .. ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ respiration ูˆุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฌุณู….

ูˆุถุญุชุŸ๐Ÿ˜‰ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุจู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒูŠู๐Ÿ‘€

โ—‹ุงู„ Stomach ุจุชุชู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ:

โ€ขFundus:
ูˆุฏุง ุจูƒูˆู† dome shape ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฉ ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ•Œ
ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ cardiac orifice ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู† gas๐ŸŒซ

โ€ขBody:
ูˆุฏุง ุจู…ุชุฏ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ cardiac orifice ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅุณู…ู‡ุง incisura angularis (ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุทูุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ lesser curvature .. ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆ ุงู„ J shape)๐Ÿ˜„

โ€ขAntrum:
ูˆุฏุง ุฒูˆู„ ุจุณูŠูŠูŠุท ุจู…ุชุฏ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„incisura angularis ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„pylorus.

โ€ขPylorus:
ูˆุฏุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฌุฒูˆ tubular ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ูˆ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠูุฉ [thick muscular wall] ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ pyloric sphincter. ๐Ÿงฃ

โ—‹ ุงู„ pyloric sphincter ุฏุง ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ control ู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ gastric contents ู„ู„ duodenum.๐Ÿซธ

_ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ motor fiber ู…ู† ุงู„ sympathetic system ูˆุงู„ inhibitory fibers ู…ู† ุงู„ vagi (ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูˆู‚ ูˆู…ุณุชูƒูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‡ุถู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ)๐Ÿฆญ


โ—‹ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง Stomach ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุตุงุฑุงุช ูˆุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ูุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง mucous membrane ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญู…ูŠู‡ุง๐Ÿ›ก

ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ุชุตุงุต ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ูุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง vascular

ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุทูุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠูŠุฑุฉ [numerous folds] ูˆุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง rugae ( ุฃูŠ ุฑูˆู‚ูŠ ุนุฏูŠูŠู„ ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜œ) ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ stomach ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ longitudinal in direction.

โ—‹ ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆ ุงู„ stomach ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 3 muscular walls ูˆุฏุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ GIT ูˆุฏุง ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ”ง.. ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
_ longitudinal _circular_ oblique

โ—‹ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุญูŠุท ุจูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ visceral peritoneum

ู…ุณุชู…ุชุนูŠู†๐ŸคฉุŸ ..ูŠู„ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„๐Ÿƒ
๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿชข Arteries:
ูŠู„ุง ุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac artery ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ aorta. ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุชูุงุตูŠู„ู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘€
1.left gastric artery:

ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac artery ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ [upward] ูˆุจู„ู ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ esophagus ูˆุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช ุนู„ ุฅู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ lesser curvature
ูˆุฏุง ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ lower third of esophagus ูˆู…ุนุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ right upper part ู…ู† ุงู„ stomach.โ†—๏ธ

2.right gastric artery:

ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„hepatic artery ูˆุฏุง ุจุนู…ู„ supply ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุญุช [lower right part] ู…ู† ุงู„ stomachโ†˜๏ธ.

3.short gastric arteries:
ูˆุฏูŠู„ ุจุทู„ุนูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ splenic artery ูˆุจุบุฐูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ Fundus ๐Ÿ•Œ.

4.left gastroepiploic artery:
ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ splenic artery ุจุฑุถูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ upper part of greater curvatureโฌ†๏ธ.

5.right gastroepiploic artery:
ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† gstroduodenal ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ hepatic artery ูˆุฏูˆุฑูˆ ุฃู†ูˆ ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ lower part of greater curvatureโฌ‡๏ธ.

ูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตุช ๐Ÿ˜ฎโ€๐Ÿ’จ.. ุฃุฑุญ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ veins ุณุฑูŠุน ุณุฑูŠุน

๐Ÿ”ต๐ŸชขVeins:
ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ู… drainage ููŠ ุงู„ portal circulation
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
๐ŸŸข Lemph drainage:
ูŠู„ุง ุงู„lymph vessels ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ arteries ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ right gastric nodes ูˆ ุงู„ right & left gastroepiploic nodes ูˆุงู„ short gastric nodes ุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ู„ู„ู‡ู… ุจุตุจูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ celiac nodes.๐Ÿซฅ

โšก๏ธNerve supply:
ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุจุดู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ sympathetic fibers ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac plexus ..
ูˆุงู„ parasympathetic ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† right &left vagus nerves ๐Ÿ˜‰

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ
โ—‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„pain ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุจุงู„ sympathetic innervation
โ—‹ ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ parasympathetic ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† secretomotor .

ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุฎุชุงู…๐Ÿฅณ
ูŠุงุฑุจ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ุงู†ุจุณุทูˆ ูˆุงุณุชูุฏุชูˆ ๐Ÿคฒ๐Ÿ˜”
ูˆู…ุง ุชุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ

ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงุงู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐ŸŽ‰1
๐Ÿซก
โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ3๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ุจุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฑูˆุญุงุช ู†ุฒู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุชุดุฑุญ(ูˆู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ู…ูƒู…ู„ูŠู† ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ”ฅ) ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจุชุถู…ู† ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู†:
#muscloskeletal_system
#Respiratory_system
#Cardiovascular_system
#pathology
#GIT
#introdution_to_histology
#Microbiology
(ุฅุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดุชุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุด ุนุดุงู† ุชุตู„ูˆ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงูŠุฒู†ู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ)

ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆ ุชู†ุดุฑูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทุจูŠ ุนุณู‰ ุฒูˆู„ ูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.. ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู…๐Ÿคฒโœจ

https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ7๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ’ฏ4โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(56)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹..ูƒูŠููƒู… ุชู…ุงู…๐Ÿ˜„ุŸ

ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุญูŠูƒูˆู†:
๐Ÿ’ขPhysiology of the stomach ๐Ÿ’ข

ุทูŠุจ ู†ุนุฑู ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุดู†ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„stomach ๐Ÿค”:
๐Ÿ”ธ ุงู„stomach ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุถูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ J ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† reservoir ู„ู„food ๐Ÿ” ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูˆ ูˆุธุงุฆู ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…

(ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ูุงุช๐Ÿค“)

โ—ุจูŠุชู‚ุณู… ู„ูค ุงู‚ุณุงู…
ูก\ cardia
ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุจุฑูˆุง ุชุชูุฑุบ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุฆ ุฅู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‡.
ูข\fundus
ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู‡
ูฃ\ body
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู‡
ูค\pylorus or pyloric antrum
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจุณู‡ู„ ุฅูุฑุงุบ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‡

โ—ูŠู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„git , ุงู„wall ุญู‚ ุงู„stomach ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† mucosa ูˆ submucosa ูˆ muscular layer ูˆ serosa

ูˆุงู„muscular layer ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„
๐Ÿ’ซOuter longitudinal
๐Ÿ’ซMiddle Circular
๐Ÿ’ซinner oblique

โ—ุงู„mucosa ุญู‚ุช ุงู„stomach ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ exocrine glands ูƒุซูŠูŠูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ gastric glands ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุฏุฏ
ุจุชูุชุญ ููŠ ูุชุญุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง gastric pit๐Ÿค

๐Ÿ’ซTypes of cells in a gastric gland

1\ mucus cells
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุบุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
cardiac and pyloric regions of the stomach )
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฅุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„mucus

2\parietal cells (oxyntic cells)
At the isthums and body of the gastric gland
ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ body and fundus of the stomach
ูˆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุชูุฑุฒ
HCL and intrinsic factor

3\chief cells (peptic zymogen )
ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ parietal ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุตุงุงุงุงุญุŒู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠู† ุณุงุงุงุงูŠ๐Ÿ˜’ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ pepsinogens

โ—ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ endocrine cells ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„gastric glands
ุงู…ุซู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุง
G cells
ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ gastrin
ECL cells (enterochromaffin like cells ) :
ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†.

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุญู‚ุช ุงู„stomach ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆ ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
1\storage of food ๐Ÿ”
ุจุชุฎุฒู† ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุญุฏ ูค ุณุงุนุงุช ูˆุจุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุฎุฑูˆุฌู‡ ู„ู„duodenum .
2\digestion of proteins and lipids
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ gastric lipase ูˆ ุงู„pepsin
3\protection
ุจุชุญู…ูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„HCL ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง
ูˆ ุงู„vomiting ุงู„ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุถุงุฑุฉ

4\synthesis of intrinsic factor
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ glycoprotein ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† b12 ูˆุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡
ููŠ ุงู„terminal ileum

5\facilitates absorption of iron in the intestine
ุจุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ ferrous state
6\absorption
ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„intestine ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุชุต ๐Ÿ˜…
ุญุชู‰ ุงู„stomach ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฒูŠ ูƒุฏุง ูˆุจุชู…ุชุต ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„water ูˆ ุงู„ions ูˆ ุงู„alcohol ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„drugs

7\endocrine functions
ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงูุฑุงุฒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„gastrin ูˆ ุงู„vip ูˆ glucagon ูˆ somatostatin ูˆ ghrelin

๐Ÿ’กู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ๐Ÿ’ก
ุงู„ghrelin ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„growth hormone releasing hormone
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูŠุชูุฑุฒ ๐Ÿ‘ถ๐Ÿ‘ฆ๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿ‘ด

ูˆุงู„ghrelin ุฏุง ุจูŠุชูุฑุฒ ููŠ ุงู„hypothalamus
ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† fundus of the stomach ูˆุจูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุน hunger๐Ÿ˜พ
ุนูƒุณ ุงู„leptin. ุงู„ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุดุจุน satiety๐Ÿ˜ธ

ุจูƒุฏุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง๐Ÿฅณ
ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฌุงูŠ ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ๏ธ
ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘4โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ2
 

ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(57)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ โœ‹โœจ
ุฃุณุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชูƒู… ุจูƒู„ ุฎูŠุฑ
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุดุฑุญ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ูˆู…ููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆุญุงุช ุชูŠู… ุฅุณูƒูˆูŠุฒุฑ ุฃู„ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜Š
๐Ÿ’ขAnatomy of the esophagus

โ—ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ esophagus ุฏู‡ ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆูˆ ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
is muscular tube extends from the pharynx to the stomach begins at the level of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage(level of C6
vertebra.)
ูˆุจุฌูŠ ู…ุงุฑูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏูŠูุฑุงู… ููŠ
level of T10

ูˆุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุทู†
at the cardiac orifice of the stomach at the level of T11
verebra
_ุดูุชูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงูŠุฒูŠ ูƒูŠู ๐Ÿ˜Š
ูŠู„ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุงูƒู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„oesophagus ููŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชู‡ ุงุฌุฒุงุก :_
1_cervical
2_thoracic
3_abdominal

ุทูŠุจ ู†ู…ุณูƒ ูƒู„ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ุจุฑุงู‡ูˆ: The cervical part๐Ÿ’ฆ
ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
the thoracic inlet.

ูŠู„ุง ุจูŠู†ุง ู†ุฒูˆุฑ ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ู…ู† ูุถุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ โ˜บ๏ธ
๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿชขarterial supply:
inferior thyroid artery

๐Ÿ”ต๐Ÿชขvenous retern:
inferior thyroid vein

ูˆููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู„ู‚ูˆู‡ุง brachiocephalic veins...
ูู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„inferior thyroid vein ุจูŠุตุจ ู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„brachiocephalic veins)

๐ŸŸข๐Ÿชขlymph drainage:
deep cervical nodes..

โšก๏ธNerve supply:
ูˆุฏุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุจูƒู„ ู…ู†๐Ÿ˜
recurrent laryngeal nerves and by sypmathetic fibers from cell bodies in the midline cervical ganglia .

๐Ÿ’ฆ thoracic part
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฆ ุฏุง ู…ุด ู„ู…ู† ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู‚ูุต ุงู„ุตุฏุฑูŠ ู‚ุจูŠูŠู„ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠ ุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ...ูŠู„ุง ู„ู…ู† ูŠุตู„ T5ุญุงูŠุฑุฌุน ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุต ุชุงู†ูŠ(midline)ูˆุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ู† ูŠุตู„ T7ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุงูŠู†ุญุฑู ู†ุงุญูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุญุงูŠู…ุฑ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฒ (at the level of the 7 left costal cartilage......ู…ุง thoracic vertebra...ู…ุงุชู„ุฎุจุทูˆ ๐Ÿ˜Š)..

ุทุจุนุง ุฏุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ ribsุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุฏู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„vertebrae ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ‘Œ
Blood supply
๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿชขarterial supply
from descending thoracic aortaุดุฎุตูŠุง๐Ÿคฉ and bronchial arteries.

๐Ÿ”ต๐Ÿชขvenous return
to the azygos system of veins .

๐ŸŸข๐Ÿชข lymph drainage
tracheobronchial and superior and posterior mediastinal nodes..

๐Ÿ’ฆ abdominal part
ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‡๐Ÿคจ

Blood supply
๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿชขarterial supply
left gastric artery.

๐Ÿ”ต๐Ÿชขvenous return
left gastric vein

๐ŸŸข๐Ÿชขlymph drainage
left gastric and coileac nodes
๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข๐Ÿ’ข
ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูŠุฑู ๐Ÿฅฒูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ :
Nerve supply for the middle and lower parts is from the sympathatic trunks and greater splanchnic
nerves

ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ๐Ÿค“
while the parasympathetic supply is from the vagus nerves which from plexus on the surface of oesophagus.



ูˆุจูƒุฏุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑู†ุง ๐Ÿฅณ
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘6๐Ÿ”ฅ3๐Ÿ‘1๐ŸŽ‰1
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿคฉ1
Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช pinned ยซุจุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฑูˆุญุงุช ู†ุฒู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุชุดุฑุญ(ูˆู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ู…ูƒู…ู„ูŠู† ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ”ฅ) ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจุชุถู…ู† ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู†: #muscloskeletal_system #Respiratory_system #Cardiovascular_system #pathology #GIT #introdution_to_histology #Microbiology (ุฅุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุงุดุชุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุดโ€ฆยป