Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช
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ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุฅูŠุตุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุณู„ุณ ูˆุณู‡ู„


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Cellular Pathology.pdf

#pathology
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘1
ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏุง ูุฃุฏุนูˆ ู„ู†ูุณูƒู… ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ๏ธ
โค3๐Ÿ™2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(52)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุชุญูŠุฉ ูˆุถุงุกุฉ ู„ุดุฎุตูƒู… ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ๐Ÿ˜Š
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ุจูƒูˆุฑุณ ุฑู‡ูŠูŠูŠูŠุจ ูˆู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุดูŠู‚ู‡ ูุฃุฑุจุทูˆุง ุฃุญุฒู…ุชูƒู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุณุชู‚ู„ุน๐Ÿ›ฌู‡ุจุทุช ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ุจูŠูˆุน ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญุญุฒูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠู†ุฉ
๐Ÿ’ขSalivary Glands ๐Ÿ’ข

ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง:-
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are salivary glands?
The salivary glands are exocrine glands found in mouth produces saliva,
ุฃูˆ
It site between ramius of mandible and sternomastoid muscle below External auditory meatus .
๐Ÿ’ขboundaries of Salivary Glands
ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูˆุชุญุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุงุช
Upward ๐Ÿ‘‰zygomatic arch
Down wards ๐Ÿ‘‰ angle of the mandible.
ุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ู ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุธุงู…
Anterior ๐Ÿ‘‰
Overlap masseter muscle
Posterior ๐Ÿ‘‰ overlap sternomastoid muscle
ุฃู…ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ salivary glands ูุจุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูƒู…ุง ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Lateral view
ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒ irregular pyramid
Horizontal section
ุจุชูƒูˆู† triangular shape

ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุดุทุงุงุงุงุฑ ุงู„ salivary glands ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆูˆุŸุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”

ุนู†ุฏู†ุง   six salivary glands
ุจุชูƒูˆู† pairs
๐Ÿ’ซParotid Glands
ุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุดูุชูˆุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฐู†ูƒู…... ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ู„ุชุญุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุฏ
ูˆุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ salivary glands.
๐Ÿ’ซsubmandibular Glands
ุฏูŠู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ููƒ.. ุจุฑุถูˆ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุดู…ุงู„
๐Ÿ’ซsublingual
ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุณู…ูˆู‡ ูƒุฏู‡

ุงู„saliva ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุจูŠุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ducts ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ mucus, amylase and lysozome

โœด๏ธูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ : ูŠุจู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ lubrication ูˆ dissolving ุŒ ูˆ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุงู„mucous membranes

๐Ÿ’ซุงู„ saliva ุฒุงุชู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
1\ serous
2/mucous
1-parotid glands (serous).
2-Submandibular glands (mixed)
3-Sublingual (mucous)
๐Ÿ’ขุทูŠุจ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ salivary glands ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ glands ูƒูŠูุŸุŸุŸุŸ?
1-each gland is surrounded by connective tissue capsule.
2-devided into lobules.
3-each gland has secretary piece and duct system.
4-the secretary end piece has serous or mucous cells in addition to myoepithelial cells.
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฌุฏ ุจุณูŠุท ูˆู…ู‡ุถูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆู… ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ˜‹๐Ÿ˜‹
ุทูŠุจ ุญู†ูุฑุฒ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ serous and mucous cells???
ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ู… ูŠุงุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุงุฑุญ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are charcters of serous cells?
1-pyramidal.
2-rounded nuclei.
3-narrow leumen with basophilic staining.
4-serous cells form acini.
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are charcters of mucous cells?
1-pale.
2-cuboidal to columnar.
3-nuclei flattened.
4-wide lumen.
5-mucous cells form tubules.
๐Ÿ’ขWhat is serous demilune?
Is mucous tubule capped with serous acinus.
ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ ๐Ÿ˜‹๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฉ๐Ÿช๐Ÿฅฎ๐Ÿจ๐Ÿง ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงูŠ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ

๐Ÿ’ขparotid Glands
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ salivary glands ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„saliva ุงู„ุจุชูุฑุฒู‡ุง 25% ุจุณ๐Ÿ˜ฅ๐Ÿฅบ
ูุตู„ู†ุง ูุณุชุงู† ุงู„ parotid Glands ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุณู…ุญู‡ ุŒุญุธู‡ุง ุญุดุดุช ู„ู„ุนูŠุฏ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿ˜…๐Ÿ˜‚
1-serous glands.
2-covered with capsule which is part of deep facia.
3-at the side of mandible.
๐Ÿ’ขุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู‚ุจูŠู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ูˆ ุงู„gland ุจุชุฌูŠ ู…ู† duct ุŸุŸุŸุทูŠุจ ุงู„ parotid duct ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุฑุงุจุŸุŸ
1-the duct penetrates through buccinator muscles.
2-it's palpable over masseter muscle.
3-it oppens into vestibule against upper second molar teeth.
-it extends from zygmotic arch to the upper part of the neck.
-overlap the masseter muscle anteriorly.
-in transverse section it occupies the gab between mandible, mastoid and styloid processes.
4-the capsule is supplied by great auricular nerve.
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ูˆ ุฃูŠ glands ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุทูˆุญ ๐Ÿข๐Ÿฃ๐ŸŒƒ๐ŸŒ† ูุญุงู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ parotid Glands

1-superficial surface :-
๐Ÿ”ธrelated to the skin and facia.
2-anteriomedial surface :-
๐Ÿ”ธgrooved by posterior border of mandible.
๐Ÿ”ธrelated to the masseter and medial ptegroid muscles.
๐Ÿ”ธThe parotid duct and branches of facial nerve emerge from anteriomedial surface also terminal branches of external carotid artery(ECA).
3-Posteriomedial surfaces :-
๐Ÿ”ธcontacts to styloid and mastoid processes.
๐Ÿ”ธECA enters the gland through this surface.
๐Ÿ‰๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ‡๐Ÿ“๐ŸŽุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ ู†ุฒูˆุฑ ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูŠ ูˆุฃู…ุซุงู„ู‡
Innervation of parotid Glands

๐Ÿ”ธArteries:- external carotid artery and its branches within gland.
๐Ÿ”ธVeins :- retromandibular vein.
๐Ÿง nerve
Facial nerve passes through it
๐Ÿ‘2โค1๐Ÿคฉ1
ุงู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุณุชู…ุชุนูŠู† ุŸุŸุŸ
ุญู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุฑูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…๐Ÿ˜œ
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ
๐Ÿ’ขSubmandibular glands


It's a mixed glands
(ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุชุฌ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุงุŒ serous and mucous saliva)
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†
1\superficial part ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฒุฉ๐Ÿฅ”๐Ÿฅ”ูˆ
ุจูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ๐Ÿƒ

๐Ÿ’ขsuperficial surface:-
ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†:-
_Cervical Fascia
_Cervical branches of facial nerve
_anterior facial vein
๐Ÿ’ขmedial surface:_
ุจุชุถู… ู„ูŠู†ุง ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุงูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูุงุตู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Mylohyiod muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Intermediate tendon of digastric

๐Ÿ’ขLateral surface
ู„ูˆ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ู„ lateral surface of Submandibular glands ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง Mylohyiod line ูˆุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฎุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ูุงุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† Submandibular fossa and sublingual fossa
ูˆุจุฑุถูˆ ุงู„ facial artery ุจุฌูŠ ู…ุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ mandible and Submandibular glands
ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุงุญุชูˆุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Mylohyiod vessels and nerve.
2/deep part
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู† 2muscles2 nerve
Muscles:-Mylohyiod and hyoglossus Muscles
Nerves:-lingual nerve above and hypoglossus below.
ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ submandibular ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ๐ŸŒููŠ ุงู„ digastric triangle ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง Almond.

It's parasympathatic gangilion๐Ÿง 
ุจุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ lateral surface of hyoglossus muscle.
๐Ÿ’ซุงู„ root ุญู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† preganglionic fiber ุฃู…ุง ุจุฑุงู†ุดุงุชู‡๐ŸŒฟ ุจุชูƒูˆู† postganglionic fiber .
๐Ÿ’ซู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงู„ Submandibular glands
-it's duct oppens into oral cavity proper.
-the duct passes forward to oppen on small sublingual papilla beside the base of frenulum,

๐Ÿ’ฆAttachez Vos centuries de securite ;parce que nous allons etudier la chose la plus importante Dan's cette lecon.
ุงู„ู…ุง ุจุนุฑู ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุญู‚ู‡ ุฑุงุงุงุงุงุญ โ˜ป๏ธ
Nerve supply
Artery ๐Ÿ‘‰submental branches of facial artery.
Vein ๐Ÿ‘‰anterior facial vein
Lymph node ๐Ÿ‘‰facial artery node,deep cervical and jugular node.

๐Ÿ’ขsublingual glands

-mucous glands located below the tongue.
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุฑูŠ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ.
-each is almond shaped and is immediately lateral to Submandibular duct.
-associated to lingual nerve in floor of oral cavity.
๐Ÿ’ซSublingual and Submandibular are supplied by branches of facial and lingual arteries.
-lies against medial surface of the mandible and forms shallow groove(Sublingual fossa) supperior to the anterior 1/3 of mylohyoid line.
ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ Sublingual glands ุฃุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ู†ูˆุŸุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
Blood supply ๐Ÿ’ฆ

Artery ๐Ÿ‘‰sublingual branches of lingual artery and submental branches of facial artery

Nerve supply ๐Ÿ‘‰sensory supply from lingual nerve
Sympathetic and parasympathatic supply from Submandibular gangilion.
ูˆุงู„ lymph node Submandibular lymph nod

ูˆุจูƒุฏู‡ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ salivary glands ๐Ÿ˜Š
ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู‚ุงุก ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡.๐Ÿซก
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
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#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ2
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(53)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠ ุดุจุงุจ  ุฃู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจูŠู† ๐Ÿ‘‹โค๏ธ๐Ÿ˜Š

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†๐Ÿค”

   ๐Ÿ’ข  muscle of mastication :-

ูˆู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู‚ู‡๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ•๐Ÿคค ๐Ÿฅจ

              ูŠู„ุง  ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุง ๐Ÿซก๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ›‘ุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ู… muscles 4โƒฃู…ูˆุฌุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ ๐Ÿ’€skull :
1-masseter
2- temporalis
3- medial pterygoid
4-latral pterygoid

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹:-
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡๐Ÿ˜ป๐Ÿค ู‡ูŠ:

1-they take origin from skull.
2-inserted into mandible .
3-they act on temporomandibular joint .
โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
-ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ  ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ ๐ŸคŒู…ุงุดูŠู† ูˆูŠู†๐Ÿšถ๐Ÿคš ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ joint ุฏู‡:

-ุงูˆู„ุง โ˜๏ธู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠู† articular tubercle ูˆ anterior portion of the
mandibular fossa
-ุซุงู†ูŠุงโœŒ๏ธ ู†ูˆุนู‡ synovial joint

4-they supply by mandibular nerve

       ูƒุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡.

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู„ุซุงู‹:-
Movement of mandible๐ŸŒช:

_elevation โฌ†๏ธand depressionโฌ‡๏ธ.
_protraction โžก๏ธand retractionโฌ…๏ธ .
_side by side movementsโญโฎ.

โœจุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… muscle muscle ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ originูˆุงู„ insertionูˆ ุงู„ action ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐูŠ locomotor๐Ÿ˜ณ ู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุงุฎ ุฏู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ุดูˆูŠู‡๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜‚

๐Ÿ’ข1/Masseter muscle :-

-โœจ origin : lower border and inner aspect of zygomatic .

- โœจinsertion: outer surface of ramus arch of mandible .

- โœจaction:
1- elevation of mandible.                                                 (.    anti-gravity muscle
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏู‡ ุทูˆู„ ู… ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ๐Ÿ˜Ž ูˆ ุชุชุฑุชุฎูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู…๐Ÿ˜ด)
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof the mandible.
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๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ูˆู†ูƒู…ู„ ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿƒ

๐Ÿ’ข2/ Temporals muscle :-

โญ๏ธ has 2 fiber anterior and posterior ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ action     ู…ุนูŠู† .

-โœจorigin:"3T" temporal fossa , temporal fascia , inferior temporal line .

- โœจinsertion: coronid process

-โœจaction :
1-โฌ†๏ธelevation of mandible by anterior fiber .
2-โฌ…๏ธretraction of mandible by posterior fiber .

ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿซ 

๐Ÿ’ข3/ medial pterygoid muscle

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ  pterygoid ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ silent  P

โญ๏ธ-ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง  mirror image of Masseter muscle

๐Ÿ’ข2/ Temporals muscle :-

โœจ has 2 fiber anterior and posterior ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ action     ู…ุนูŠู† .

-โœจorigin:"3T" temporal fossa , temporal fascia , inferior temporal line .

- โœจinsertion: coronid process

-โœจaction :
1-โฌ†๏ธelevation of mandible by anterior fiber .
2-โฌ…๏ธretraction of mandible by posterior fiber .

ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง๐Ÿคฏ๐Ÿซ 

๐Ÿ’ข3/ medial pterygoid muscle

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ  pterygoid ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ silent  P

-ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง mirror image  ู„ู„                                        
Masseter  muscle.

โญ๏ธ- has 2 head superficial and deep.

- โœจorigin :
A- superficial head (tuberosity of maxilla )
B- deep head (medial surface of medial pterygoid plate )

- โœจinsertion : medial surface of ramus above the angle.

- โœจaction:
1- elevation โฌ†๏ธof mandible.
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof mandible.
3- deviations to on sides โ†”๏ธ


๐Ÿ’ข4/lateral pterygoid :-

โญ๏ธุฏูŠ ุงุฎุช ๐Ÿ‘ญุงู„  medial pterygoid
ุจุฑุถูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงupper and lower2 head

- โœจorigin:
A- upper head ( infratemporal crest
B- lower head ( lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate)

-โœจ insertion: pterygoid fova.

-โœจaction:
1- depressionโฌ‡๏ธ of mandible.
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof mandible.
3- deviations โ†”๏ธto one side .

โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
ุดุจุงุจ๐Ÿ‘€ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑูƒุฒูˆ ููŠ medial and lateral pterygoid  ุตุฑุงุญู‡ ุจุชู„ุฎุจุท๐Ÿ˜ฉ๐Ÿ˜ญ.

ูˆุงุฎูŠุฑุง๐Ÿฅณ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงุฎุฑุง ๐Ÿ˜–

๐Ÿ›‘Nerve supplyโšก๏ธ:-

      ู‚ุงู„ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„  muscles supplied by anterior division of mandibular nerve

๐Ÿ•บู… ุนุฏุง  medial pterygoid ุจุชุชุบุฐูŠ ุจ mine trunk of mandibular nerve

ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ๐Ÿฅณ
ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู… ๐Ÿซก                                         
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๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ู…ุด ุนุฑูุชูˆู‡ุงุŸ
ูŠู„ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุงูƒู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ๐Ÿ˜
๐Ÿคฃ2๐Ÿ˜1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(54)

ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ูƒูŠู ุญุงู„ูƒู… ๐Ÿคฉุงู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุงุฑุจ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†๐Ÿ˜Š
ูŠู„ุง ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ oral cavity๐Ÿค—

โ—‹ุงู„ oral cavity ู…ุญูŠุทู‡ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ :
-Lips (anteriorly)
-Checks( laterally)
ุทูŠุจ ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู๐Ÿ‘€ :

1) lips๐Ÿ‘„:-

2 fleshed fold surrounding the oral orifice they accommodate obtcularies Oris muscles

. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ muscles of lips [ obtcularies Oris]๐Ÿ˜ฑ

โ—ุทูŠุจ ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ nerve supply๐Ÿ˜–:
_The upper lip by infraorbital nerve
_the lower lip by mental nerve

โ—ูˆุงู„ blood supply ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุณู…ุญ๐Ÿ˜:
The upper lip by: superior lipial artery
Lower lip : inferior lipial artery

โ—ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ lymphatic :
The 2 lips drained in submandibular lymph node ุนุฏุง the center of lower lip drained in submental lymph node๐Ÿซ 


2) the cheeks ( ๐Ÿ˜†ุงู„ุฌุถูˆู…)

-cheeks are continue with lateral sid of nose and lips at [nasolapial groove]
-their muscles is [buccinator muscle ]
-They are lined internally by >mucous membrane
-And coverd externally by >skin >buccal bad of fat > buccophayngeal fascia

โ—Nerve supply:
-buccinator muscle supply by [facial nerve]
-Skin of cheeks supply by buccal branch of mandibular nerve
โšก๏ธ-OK then then oral cavity from inside":
ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„ูŠ 2 :
๐Ÿ‚1)vestibule:

it is the space between teeth and cheeks
- it contains :
1-parotid duct
2- superior lapial frenulum (ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper gums and upper lip)
3- inferior lapial frenulum
4- fornix ( reflection of mucus membrane from gums to lip)

๐Ÿ‚2) oral cavity proper:-

It is the space laying inside teeth and gums
ูŠู„ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† :
1-Tongue
2-Palate)> form the roof of oral cavity
3- teeth
ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„
๐ŸTongue ๐Ÿ‘…
โ—‹ูŠู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† muscular organ ุจู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ุบุทู‰ ุจ mucous membrane .

โ—‹ูˆุธุงูŠูู‡ ู‡ูŠ: test ,deglutition,speech

โ—‹ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุณู… ู„:
apex ,root, body, 2 surfaces ( ventral , dorsal ) ๐Ÿ˜ณ

1) the apex; free and directed anteriorly
2) the root; attached to mandible and hyoid bone
3) ventral surface;-
-It smooth it show the following:-
1- frenulum lingue :"
Formed by mucosa in median plane ุจูŠู† ุงู„ tongue ูˆุงู„ floor of the month
2- deep lingual vein :"
(ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Sublingual administration "ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุชุชุฎุงุฏ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†) ๐Ÿ˜‹
On either side of frenulum lingue
3- fimbriated fold :
Lateral to deep lingual vein ุงุณู…ู‡ุง [plica fimbriate] ๐Ÿ˜ฑ
4) dorsal surface :-
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ V- shaped sulcus terminals
ุฃูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„VุนุฏูŠูŠู„ ๐Ÿ˜
ุจุชู‚ุณู…ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† :
โ—‹- '"anterior 2/3( oral part ):-
It's thick and rough ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ papilae ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูค ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ papilae
- valiate papilae , faliform, foliate, fungiform .๐Ÿ„

ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู… test puds ุนุฏุง ุงู„ faliform papilae
โ—‹- posterior 1/3 ( pharyngeal part )
Smooth and rich in mucous gland
ู„ุญุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ุŸโ˜ป๏ธ ุงุฑุญ ู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ุงู†ุชูˆ ู„ู‡ุง โค๏ธโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ


๐Ÿ’ช-Muscles of the tongue:-
1- extrinsic muscles
2- intrinsic muscles

๐Ÿฆ‹1) extrinsic muscles:-
ูŠู„ุง ุฏูŠู„ ูค ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุบูŠุฑูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุญุฑูƒูˆู‡ูˆ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู… ุดู†ูˆ ๐Ÿค”
1- genioglossus :-
- ู…ู† ุงู„ superior genial tubricle ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ insertion in whole under surface of the tongue
-ุจุชุนู…ู„ protrusion of the tongue๐Ÿ‘‰

2- hyoglossus :-
-From grater horn of hyoid bone to the posterior 1/2 of side of the tongue
- do depression of the tongue ๐Ÿ‘‡

3- styloglossus :
-From styloid process to whole side of the tongue
-do elevation and retraction of the tongue ๐Ÿ‘†

4- palatoglossus :-
ู…ู† ุงู„ soft palate ู„ุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ side of the tongue
- it elevate back of the tongue and depress the soft palate

๐Ÿฆ‹2) intrinsic muscles:-
ุฏูŠู„ ูŠู„ุง ูค ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุบูŠุฑูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1- superior longitudinal
2-inferior longitudinal
3- transverse ( narrow tongue)๐Ÿคฒ
4- vertical ( flattened the tongue)๐Ÿ‘

๐Ÿค“โšก๏ธThe nerve supply of the tongue :-
โ–กMotor supply > all muscles of the tongue supply by [hypglossal nerve] except palatoglossus muscle supply by[ vago accessory complex ]
ุงุชูู‡ู…๐Ÿค“๐Ÿ‘ุŸ!...ูŠู„ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุจุนุฏูˆ

โ–กposterior 1/3 :- General sensation and test sensation by [ glossopharngeal nerve]

โ–กanterior 2/3 :-
general sensation by [ lingual nerve]
Test sensation by [ chorda tympani]


๐ŸฉธBlood supply of the tongue
By lingual artery ( from common carotid artery) through 2 branches
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#summary_squeezer_team
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๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ๐Ÿ˜:

1- deep lingual branch [supply anterior part]
2- dorsal lingual branch [supply posterior part]
ู†ุงุงุงูŠุณ๐Ÿคฉ
โšก๏ธThe venous drainage:-
1- deep lingual vein
2-dorsal lingual vein
ุจุณูŠุทุฉ๐Ÿ™ƒ
โšก๏ธ lymphatic drainage:-
1- tip of the tongue in [supmental lymph node]
2-side of the tongue [ submandibular and deep cervical lymph node ]
ุงู„ deep cervical lymph node ู‡ู… ุงู„
- jugulo _omohyoid
- jugulo _digestric
ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆ ุฃู†ูˆ ุงู„ final lymphatic drained of the tongue by > jugulo _omohyoid ๐Ÿซก
๐Ÿ the palat :-
ุฏุง ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ oral cavity and nasal cavity ๐Ÿคฅูˆู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†

(1)- ๐Ÿฆ‹hard palate :-
ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†:
1) palatine process of maxilla > form the anterior 3/4 of hard palate

2) horizontal plate of platin bone > form the posterior 1/4 of hard palate

โ—‡there's incisive formen giving passage for nasopalatine nerve and grater palatine vessels๐Ÿ˜ถ

๐Ÿชขblood supply of hard palate :-
Grater palatine artery from 3rd part of maxillary artery.

๐Ÿชขvenous drainage:
Pterygoid venous plexus
ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ๐Ÿ˜Œ
โšก๏ธnerve supply:-
-Anterior part > naso palatine nerve
- posterior part > grater palatine nerve
ูˆุงู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุฏูŠู„ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆ branches from [ pterygopalatine ganglia ]

(2)- ๐Ÿฆ‹soft palate:
โ—‹ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ
movable muscular part of palat
โ—‹ุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† posterior border of the hard palate.
โ—‹ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชูุตู„ ู„ูŠ nasopharynx ู…ู†oropharynx

๐Ÿ’ชMuscles of soft palate:-
(ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุถู„ุงุช ๐Ÿ˜‚ )
ใ€ฐ1- tensor palati >

Origin :From scaphoid fossa
Insertion : tend wind around pteyrgoid hamulus
Action : tension of soft palate
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฏู‡ุง
ใ€ฐ2-levator palati>

From> lower surface of petrous temporal bone
To > upper surface of palatine aponeurosis
It elevate soft palate upward and backwards during deglutition
ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุน ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ

ใ€ฐ3- palato pharyngus:

-Originate from upper surface of palatine aponeurosis
-inserted into posterior porder of thyroid cartilage
- elevate pharynx and larynx to close laryngeal inlet during deglutition
ุจุฑุถูˆ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุน๐Ÿ™„

ใ€ฐ4- palatoglossus:

-From Lower surface of palatine aponeurosis
- to side of the tongue
- elevat posterior part of the tongue

โšก๏ธNerve supply of muscles of soft palate:
-motor > all muscles by vagus through pharyngeal plexus except [tensor veli palatini by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve]
- sensory > grater , lesser nasopalatine branches of maxillary
- test > pass through pterygopalatine ganglia to grater petrosal nerve
(ุดุงูŠููƒ ูุนู„ุช ู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฌุฉ ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿญ๐Ÿ˜‚)

ูˆ ุจูƒุฏุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ๐Ÿฅณ
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู…๐Ÿคฒโœจ
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿคฃ1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(55)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
ูƒูŠููƒู… ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุนุณุงูƒู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ ๐Ÿ˜„โœจ

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† organ ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูˆู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏ ุจุนุถ "ุจุนุถ" ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚/ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜‚
ุฃูŠ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุดุฎุตูŠุง "Stomach "๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ

ุฃุฑุญ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ๐Ÿค“
โ—‹ุงู„ Stomach ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dilated portion ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠุฉ.

ูˆุญู†ู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 3ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดู…ู„:

(1).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ Stores food..
ููŠ ุงู„ adult ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุนุฉ [capacity] ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ 1500 ml ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุชุฑ ูˆู†ุต ูƒุฏุง๐Ÿ˜ณ
(ุบุงูŠุชูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ุญู‚ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ุจููˆุช ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฏุง ุจู…ุฑุงุญู„๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜‚).

(2).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง mix ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ gastric secretions ูˆุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู†ุง semifluid chyme.(ูˆุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุฑุญู„ุชูˆ ุงู„ุจุชุถู…ู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุถู… ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต)๐Ÿซ 

(3).ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง control ู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ chyme ุงู„ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ small intestine .๐Ÿ‚

ุชุนุงู„ ู…ุนุงูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ๐Ÿ“
๐Ÿ”ถLocation
ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ stomach ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ abdomen. ูˆุจุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ left costal margin region ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ epigasteric region .

ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุบุทู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ lower ribs.๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿฆฏ ูˆุฏุง ุจู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง๐Ÿ˜

๐Ÿ”ถDescription
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุญุฑู ุงู„ J_ shape .
โ—‹ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ูุชุญุชูŠู† [two opening]

ูก.ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุฑุจุทู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ esophagus ูˆุฅุณู…ู‡ุง cardiac orifice(ุณู…ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏุง ู„ุฃู†ูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ๐Ÿซ€ูˆุฏูŠ ุญุชููŠุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู†)

ูข.ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฑุจุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ small intestine ูˆุฅุณู…ู‡ุง pyloric orifice

โ—‹ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุดูƒู„ J ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู†ุญูŠูŠู† [two curvatures] ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ [lesser &greater]๐Ÿ‘ถ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿฆณ

โ—‹ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง two surfaces ูˆุงุญุฏ anterior ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ posterior.

ูˆู…ุน ูƒู„ู„ู„ู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏุง ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุฒูˆู„ ู„ุฒูˆู„ (ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ .. ุณู…ูŠู† ุถุนูŠู.. ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ) ูŠุงุฎ ุจุชุฎู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆู„ ุฒุงุชูˆ ุฅุชุฎูŠู„ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜… (ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุฒูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูุงุถูŠุฉ) .. ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ respiration ูˆุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฌุณู….

ูˆุถุญุชุŸ๐Ÿ˜‰ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุจู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒูŠู๐Ÿ‘€

โ—‹ุงู„ Stomach ุจุชุชู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ:

โ€ขFundus:
ูˆุฏุง ุจูƒูˆู† dome shape ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฉ ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ•Œ
ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆุจูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ cardiac orifice ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู† gas๐ŸŒซ

โ€ขBody:
ูˆุฏุง ุจู…ุชุฏ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ cardiac orifice ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅุณู…ู‡ุง incisura angularis (ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุทูุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ lesser curvature .. ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆ ุงู„ J shape)๐Ÿ˜„

โ€ขAntrum:
ูˆุฏุง ุฒูˆู„ ุจุณูŠูŠูŠุท ุจู…ุชุฏ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„incisura angularis ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„pylorus.

โ€ขPylorus:
ูˆุฏุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฌุฒูˆ tubular ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ูˆ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠูุฉ [thick muscular wall] ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ pyloric sphincter. ๐Ÿงฃ

โ—‹ ุงู„ pyloric sphincter ุฏุง ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ control ู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ gastric contents ู„ู„ duodenum.๐Ÿซธ

_ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ motor fiber ู…ู† ุงู„ sympathetic system ูˆุงู„ inhibitory fibers ู…ู† ุงู„ vagi (ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูˆู‚ ูˆู…ุณุชูƒูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‡ุถู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ)๐Ÿฆญ


โ—‹ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง Stomach ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุตุงุฑุงุช ูˆุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ูุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง mucous membrane ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญู…ูŠู‡ุง๐Ÿ›ก

ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ุชุตุงุต ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ูุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง vascular

ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุทูุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠูŠุฑุฉ [numerous folds] ูˆุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง rugae ( ุฃูŠ ุฑูˆู‚ูŠ ุนุฏูŠูŠู„ ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜œ) ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ stomach ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ longitudinal in direction.

โ—‹ ุญู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆ ุงู„ stomach ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 3 muscular walls ูˆุฏุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ GIT ูˆุฏุง ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ”ง.. ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
_ longitudinal _circular_ oblique

โ—‹ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุญูŠุท ุจูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ visceral peritoneum

ู…ุณุชู…ุชุนูŠู†๐ŸคฉุŸ ..ูŠู„ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„๐Ÿƒ
๐Ÿ”ด๐Ÿชข Arteries:
ูŠู„ุง ุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac artery ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ aorta. ูŠู„ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุชูุงุตูŠู„ู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘€
1.left gastric artery:

ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac artery ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ [upward] ูˆุจู„ู ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ esophagus ูˆุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช ุนู„ ุฅู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ lesser curvature
ูˆุฏุง ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ lower third of esophagus ูˆู…ุนุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ right upper part ู…ู† ุงู„ stomach.โ†—๏ธ

2.right gastric artery:

ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„hepatic artery ูˆุฏุง ุจุนู…ู„ supply ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุญุช [lower right part] ู…ู† ุงู„ stomachโ†˜๏ธ.

3.short gastric arteries:
ูˆุฏูŠู„ ุจุทู„ุนูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ splenic artery ูˆุจุบุฐูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ Fundus ๐Ÿ•Œ.

4.left gastroepiploic artery:
ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ splenic artery ุจุฑุถูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ upper part of greater curvatureโฌ†๏ธ.

5.right gastroepiploic artery:
ูˆุฏุง ุจุทู„ุน ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† gstroduodenal ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ hepatic artery ูˆุฏูˆุฑูˆ ุฃู†ูˆ ุจุบุฐูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ lower part of greater curvatureโฌ‡๏ธ.

ูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตุช ๐Ÿ˜ฎโ€๐Ÿ’จ.. ุฃุฑุญ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ veins ุณุฑูŠุน ุณุฑูŠุน

๐Ÿ”ต๐ŸชขVeins:
ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ู… drainage ููŠ ุงู„ portal circulation
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
๐ŸŸข Lemph drainage:
ูŠู„ุง ุงู„lymph vessels ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ arteries ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ right gastric nodes ูˆ ุงู„ right & left gastroepiploic nodes ูˆุงู„ short gastric nodes ุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ู„ู„ู‡ู… ุจุตุจูˆ ู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ celiac nodes.๐Ÿซฅ

โšก๏ธNerve supply:
ูŠู„ุง ุฏุง ุจุดู…ู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ sympathetic fibers ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ celiac plexus ..
ูˆุงู„ parasympathetic ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† right &left vagus nerves ๐Ÿ˜‰

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูƒุฏุง ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ
โ—‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„pain ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุจุงู„ sympathetic innervation
โ—‹ ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ parasympathetic ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† secretomotor .

ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุฎุชุงู…๐Ÿฅณ
ูŠุงุฑุจ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ุงู†ุจุณุทูˆ ูˆุงุณุชูุฏุชูˆ ๐Ÿคฒ๐Ÿ˜”
ูˆู…ุง ุชุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ

ูˆุจุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงุงู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐ŸŽ‰1
๐Ÿซก
โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ3๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ”ฅ1