Summary squeezer ๐Ÿงช
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ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุฅูŠุตุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ุจุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุณู„ุณ ูˆุณู‡ู„


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๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ˜1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(47)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡โœ‹

ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŠู†:-ุฃุณุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชูƒู… ุจูƒู„ ุฎูŠุฑ โœจ

ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู‡ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠูƒู…๐Ÿ‘‡
Take opportunity before ุชุชุฒู†ู‚ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿ˜‚

๐Ÿ’ซ Introduction to GIT๐Ÿ’ซ

ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุฏู‡ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูˆูƒู„ู‡ ุญูุธุŒูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุดุฏ ุญูŠู„ู‡ุง ุŒูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณุงุช ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุณูƒุช ุทุฑู ุงู„ุฎูŠุท ุตุญ ุญุชุณุชู…ุชุน ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุฏู‡ .

ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ูˆุงุนุถุงุกู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง.
โ—ุทูŠุจ ุฅุญู†ุง ุญู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ูุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุŸ๐Ÿ˜ญ

1\ุงู„ุงู†ุงุชูˆู…ูŠ :_
ุณุงู…ุญ ุฏูˆุณ ุŒููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฃุญู…ุฏ ูุฑูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุญู„ mrcs.

2/ุงู„ูุณูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ :
ูƒูˆุฑ ูƒุงููŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณู‡ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆู ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ู†ุงุฌูŠ ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑ

3\ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ:-
ุจุงุซูˆู…ุง ุฒุงุจุท ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ู…ู† BRS+ุฑูˆุจู†+ุฏุงู†ูŠุด

4/ุงู„ูุงุฑู…ุง:-
ุดูŠุชุงุช +ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงุณู…ูˆุฒูŠุณ+ู…ุฑุฌุน ู„ูŠุจู†ูƒูˆุช

5\ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ:-
ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงุณูƒุชุดูŠ +ู…ุฑุฌุน ู„ูŠูู†ุณูˆู†

6/ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชูˆ
Basic histology +ุงู„ุดูŠุชุงุช

7\parasitology
ุงู„ุดูŠุชุงุช ูƒุงููŠุฉ
8\ ุงู„ุจุงูŠูˆ
ุนูุฑุงุจูŠ +ู‡ุงุฑุจุฑ +ู„ูŠุจู†ูƒูˆุช

โญ๏ธุญู„ูˆ ุฅู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช pretest ูˆ unwardูˆ BRS ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ุณู†ุงูŠุฑู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก
ู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง ู„ุง ุชู‚ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุชูŠู… ุฅุณูƒูˆูŠุฒุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญู†ุจู„ูƒู… ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช๐Ÿ˜œ

ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ๐Ÿ˜Š
ุฏุณูˆูˆูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุฏุนูˆุงุงุงุงุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿฅบ
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ4๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุจุชุณุฃู„ ุนู† ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ :
ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠู… ุงู„ุดุบุงู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† ุฅู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช (ุงุฏุนูˆ ู„ูŠู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ๐Ÿคฒ).
ู„ูƒู† ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ูŠุฎู„ุตูˆ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุญู†ุฑุฌุน ๐Ÿ˜Ž๐Ÿ”ฅ
๐Ÿ‘3โค2๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู… (48)

ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹

ููŠ ุจูˆุณุช ุณุงุจู‚ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„acute inflamintion ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุดู†ูˆ ูˆุงุณุจุงุจุง ุดู†ูˆ ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุจุชุญุตู„ ูƒูŠู...ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 4 outcomes....ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุฏูŠู„ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…..
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ:
chronic inflamintion ๐Ÿ™Š
โ– ุชุนุฑูŠูุง..
It's prolong response of the body to persistent injury stimulus.

โ– ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง characters โœจ๏ธ
1,,infelteration with mononuclear cells.
ุนุดุงู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ..
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophage
ุฎุทูŠู† ุชุญุช macrophage ุนุดุงู† ุญู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู†๐Ÿ™ƒ..
2ุŒุŒTissue destruction
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„inflamatory cells ๐Ÿ˜ž
3,,Repair..
ูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุงูˆุนูŠู‡ ุฌุฏูŠุฏู‡ angiogenesis ูˆุทุจุนุง
Fobrosisุงู„

...
โ– ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠู‡ ู chronic inflamintion ุงู†ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ inflamintion ูˆ repair ู ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
...
โ– ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages..
....

โ– ุทูŠุจ ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏุง ุจุณุจุจูˆ ุดู†ูˆุŸ
ู‚ุงู„ูˆ ู†ุญู†ุง ู… ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง chronic inflamintion ุงู„ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†
..
1..ุงู…ุง acute inflamintion ู… ุงุชุนุงู„ุฌุช๐Ÿ™ƒ
2..ุงูˆ ูŠุญุตู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑู‡ ุจุณุจุจ severty ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุงู„injury
โ—ุจู„ุบู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠู‡..
1.unresolved acute inflamintion
2.chronic inflamintion without acute phase.

ุฑู‚ู…1 ุฏูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง..ุฑู‚ู… 2
โ– ุงู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
โ–ช๏ธPersistent infection
TBุฒูŠ
ุงูˆ
โ–ช๏ธProlong exposure to toxic agent
ุฒูŠ silicosis (ุงุณุชู†ุดุงู‚ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠูƒุง ู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ู‡ )
โ–ช๏ธŽAutoimmune disease.
ุฒูŠ Rheumatoid arthritis
...

โ– ูŠู„ุง ุน ุญุณุจ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุฏุง ุงู†ุง ู‚ู…ุช ู‚ุณู…ุชู‡ุง ู„ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†..
1.granulomatous chronic inflamintion..
2.non granulomatous chronic inflamintion.

ู†ู…ุณูƒ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡..
โ– 1.granulonatous chronic inflamintion..
This type of inflamintion is characterized by formation of epitheloid granuloma
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏุงุŸ
ู‚ุจู„ ู… ู†ุนุฑู ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ูŠู ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนุงูŠ ุญุงุฌู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ุดุฏูŠุฏ..

ุงู„Macrophage differentiate..โ– 

ู‚ุจูŠูŠูŠู„ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุฏูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡๐Ÿ‘Œ
ุงุฐุง ุญุตู„ enlargement ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏูŠ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงุณู…ูˆ epitheloid cells
ูˆุงุฐุง ุญุตู„ fusion ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Gaint cells..
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ู…ู…ุงุช ู ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ inflamintion
..
โ– ู†ุฑุฌุน
ุงู„ macrophage ุจุนุฏ ุชุจู„ุน ุงู„causative a ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชู‚ุชู„ูˆ...ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุงู†ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„acute ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู… ุญูŠู…ูˆุช
ุญูŠูุถู„ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง...ู‡ู†ุง ุจุญุตู„ enlargement ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏูŠ ูˆุญู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง epitheloid granuloma ู„ูŠู‡
GranulomaุŸ
ู„ุงู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ูƒุฏู‡ ...ุชุชุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุงู„ุนู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„necrotic tissue ูˆุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุถุฎู… ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ู„ู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ููˆู‚ ุฏุง..
ุจุฑุถูˆ ุจู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุชูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุชุฌู…ู‡ุฑู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ..ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„gaint cells
ูˆุฏูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„Macrophage ูƒุจุฑุช ูˆุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง fusion
..
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
โ– 2.non granulomatous chronic inflamintion
This type of inflamintion is characterized by sensitized lymphocytes ,Plasma cells Macrophages in the injured area
..
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏุง ุจุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ scattered ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุฏูŠ ูู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุฌู…ุนู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„...ู„ูƒู† ุญุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุดุฑู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ู ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ..
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏุง ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุงุณุจุงุจ...ูˆุฑุญ ู†ุนุฑูุง๐Ÿ™ƒ
โ– 
1.chronic viral infection .
2.chronic autoimmune disease.
3.chronic chemical intoxication.
4.Allergic inflamintion.

...
โ—ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุงุชุนุงู„ุฌุช ู ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุง ุญูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุชุฑูƒุช ู…ุง ุญุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุญุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„destruction ูˆุงู„ repair ู…ุณุชู…ุฑู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…..

...
โ– ุงุฎุฑ ุดูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„cardinal sign ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† absent ูˆุงู„duration ุจุชูƒูˆู† prolong ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง angiogenesis ูˆ fibrosis ูˆุจู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ููŠ increase ุงู„Plasma Ig...
..
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุนู„ู…
ุฏู…ุชู… ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู† ๐Ÿค—
#pathology
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ’ฏ1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู… (49)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ‘‹

๐Ÿ‘พCell repair and wound healing๐Ÿ‘พ



ุงูŠูˆุง ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูˆ ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุจุณ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุนุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุธุฑูŠู ุฏู‡ ุดู†ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง๐Ÿ˜

ู‡ู†ุจุฏุง ุจุงู„
REPAIR
ู‡ูˆ the process by which lost or destroyed cells are replaced by viable cells
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ู† ูŠุญุตู„ ูู‚ุฏ ุงูˆ ุชู„ู ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ูˆ ู†ุณุชุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูŠ ุฎุฑุจุช ุจุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู„ู…ู† ุฌุฒูˆ ู…ู† ุนุฌู„ุชูƒ ูŠุฎุฑุจ ุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ (ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฒูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู… ุชุฎุตุตูŠ ูู…ุง ุนุงุฑู๐Ÿซฃ) ูู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ู„ ุญู‚ุช ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ุณู„ูƒ ุญู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ุช ุฎุฑุจุชูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ูŠุดูŠู„ ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ู„ ูˆูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง )
ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ู…ุน ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซุงู„ ุดุจู‡ ู… ู…ู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุญุชุงุฌูˆ ูƒู„ูˆ ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ

ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠุฑ ุฒุงุชูˆ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุจ two processes ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
_Regeneration
_Replacement by connective tissue
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ูุตู„๐Ÿšถโ€โ™€

ู†ุจุฏุง ุจุงู„
_Repair by regeneration:
ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ูˆ replacement ู„ู„ destroyed tissue ุจparenchymal cells ู„ูƒู† ู„ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ๐Ÿ‘ฏโ€โ™‚

ุงูŠูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุช ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจุฑุถูˆ
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุฉ ููˆู‚ ุจุฏู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ู„ ุจูุฑุงู…ู„ ู… ุฏูˆุงุณุงุช ุฏู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง regeneration๐ŸŒš
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ุฑูƒุฒ ู„ู„ุขู† ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ process ุญู‚ุช ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠุฑ ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู… regenerationูˆ Replacement by connective tissue
ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ regeneration ู‡ูˆ ุฒุงุชูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ ุชู„ุงุช ุงู‚ุณุงู… ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ their regenerative capacity as following๐Ÿซง

ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
_labile
_stable
_permanent
ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ูุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Labile :
ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏู‡
Continuously dividing๐Ÿ”ฌ

ุนู…ุฑูƒ ุดูุช ุฌู„ุฏูƒ ู„ู…ู† ูŠุชุฌุฏุฏ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูƒู„ูˆ ูƒู„ูˆ ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ูˆุงู„ุงูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุฏุงุŸ๐Ÿค”
ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุง ู„ุงู†ูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุจูŠุชุฌุฏุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏุง labile
Stratified squamous epithelium

ูˆูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุฏุง ู… ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Stable :
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
Quiescent
ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุฉ ู… ุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู‚ูˆู‚ู„ ุชุชุฑุฌู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠุฉ ๐Ÿค“

ุฏูŠ ุจุฑุถูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
capacity to regenerate
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ labile ุดู†ูˆุŸ
ุงู†ูˆ ุฏูŠ ู… ู‡ุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ู… ู„ู… ูŠุญุตู„ stimulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูƒุฏุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุญูุฒ ู… ู‡ุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ุฒูŠ Parenchymal cells of liver, kidney and pancreas๐Ÿค 

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Permanent :
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Non-dividing
ูƒุฏุง ุงุธู† ู… ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงุดุฑุญ ุฎุงู„ุต ุฏูŠ ู… ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู ู… ุจุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ูู„ูˆ ู…ุงุช ูŠุง ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ๐Ÿ˜ฒ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู… ู‡ุชุชุตู„ุญ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุชุชุนูˆุถุŸ
_ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู„ู…ุฉ:ุงูŠูŠูŠูŠ ู… ู‡ุชุชุตู„ุญ ู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู… ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…๐Ÿซฃ

ููŠู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ู…ุฌุชู‡ุฏ repair occursby the connective tissue ู… ููŠู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ Cardiac muscles ูƒู…ุซุงู„

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ู… ุชู…ุดูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุขู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ process ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุตู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุฌู†ุฑูŠุดู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุช ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ ุชุฌุฏุฏู‡ู….

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ procesุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
Repair by connective tissue
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑุถูˆ (scar formation)ุงูŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุฏุจุฉ
ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠูƒุชู ุฏูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดุฑูˆุท ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ
When resolution (recovery) fails to occur in an acute inflammation
ูˆุจุฑุถูˆ ู„ู…ู† ู… ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุตู„ุญ ุงู„
parenchymal cell necrosis
ุจุงู„ regeneration ูˆุฏู‡ ุฒุงุชูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ุชู„ุงุช ุงุณุจุงุจ
โ€ข Necrotic cells are permanent cells.

โ€ข Stable cells are destroyed.

โ€ข Necrosis is so extensive that no cells are available-for regeneration.
ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„
repair by scar formation
ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูƒุงู„ุขุชูŠ
_Preparation
_Ingrowth of granulation tissue
_Production of fibronectin
_Collagenization (Fibrosis)
_Maturation of scar
_Contraction and strengthening ู„ู„ู†ุฏุจุฉ

ูƒุฏุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ repair ๐Ÿซก
ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู…โค๏ธ
#pathology
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ3๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ’ฏ1
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุจู„ุบู†ุง ุฑู…ุถุงู† ูˆุงุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ู† ู†ุงู„ ูุถู„ ุตูŠุงู…ู‡ ูˆู‚ูŠุงู…ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุฉ ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฃูŠุงู…ู‡.๐Ÿคฒ

ุฑู…ุถุงู† ูƒุฑูŠู…โœจ๏ธ
๐Ÿคฉ3๐Ÿ™2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู… (50)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿ˜โœ‹

ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„  repair ูˆู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ู…ุง:
1.
2.
ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุณู… ู„ุชู„ุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุถุงุนู ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ ู‡ู…ุง
1.
2.
3.
ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุตุงุญุจูŠ ุญู„ู‡ู… ูƒุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจุณูŠุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ูŠ ูุงุช ู„ูˆ ู… ุญู„ูŠุช ู… ุชู‚ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุช ุฏู‡ ูˆุฑุงุฌุน ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ุณุฑูŠุนุง ูƒุฏุง ...๐Ÿซฐโ˜ 


ูˆูŠู„ุง ุจูŠู†ุงุŸ๐Ÿคฉ
ูŠู„ุง ุจูŠู†ุง ...ู‡ู†ุจุฏุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ู„ุฎุตู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
Healing of the skin wounds

ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ู†ุฌ ูˆูƒุฏุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน๐Ÿƒ

โ—‹ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ abrasion ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฒูˆู„ ุงุชุฌุฑุญ ุจุณ ุฌุฑุญ ุฎููŠู ูƒุฏุง ุจุชุงุน ุตุบุงุฑ
ุงู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠู‡
1.mildest of skin Injury.
2.removal superficial of epidermis.
3.basal greminative of labile is intact.
4. epithelium regenerates from below.
5. no scarring.

ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ุตุญุŸ. ุตุญ ุงู†ุง ู… ูƒุชุจุช ุจุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠ  ู„ูŠู‡๐ŸŒš

โ—‹ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„
Incision (cut) and laceration (tear)
ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ูƒ ูƒู†ุช ุดู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุช ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู„ูˆ ู… ุดู‚ูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุจุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู†ุจู‚ูŠูƒ ุดู‚ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุณ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ

ูˆุฌูŠุช ุจุชู„ุนุจ  ุงู„ุบู…ูŠุถุฉ ูˆุฌูˆ ุงุตุญุงุจูƒ ุฌุงุฑูŠูŠู† ูˆุฑุงูƒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ุณูƒูˆูƒ ูˆุงู†ุช ู… ุนุงูŠุฒ ูƒุฏุง ูˆุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฒุฌุงุฌ ู…ูƒุณุฑ
ูˆุฌูŠุช ุฌุงุฑูŠ ูˆูุฑุงู…ู„ ุฑุฌูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงููŠ๐Ÿ˜‚

ูˆูุฌุฃุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุฏุฑุณุช ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุฏู‡ ุจูƒู„ ูˆุฒู†ู†ู†ู†ูƒ ุงู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุชู‚ูŠู„ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุช ุฒูˆู„ ุณู…ูŠูŠูŠู† ูƒุฏุง ูˆุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ุฌุฑุญ ู„ูƒู† ู… ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู… ูƒุงู† ุจู‚ูŠู ู„ู…ู† ุถู…ุชูˆ ุจุฑุงูƒ ูƒุฏุง ูุงุถุทุฑูŠุช ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„  ุงู„ุนุฌุจ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุนุตุงูŠุฉ ุณุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฎูŠุท ู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถู… ุงู„ skin edges ู„ุจุนุถ ูƒุฏุง ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุฒู ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง necrosis and inflammation ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุญุฑูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ๐Ÿช„.  healing by first intention.

ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุตุงุญุจูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุดู‚ุงูˆุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง

ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ู… ู‡ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุง ุงูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุดุฑุญุง ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุจ ู…ุนู„ูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ๐ŸŒš
ู…ู† ุดุฏุฉ ุดู‚ุงูˆุชูƒ ุญุฑู‚ุช ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูŠุฏูƒ ู… ุชุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุงูŠ ู… ุจุญุจ ุฒูˆู„ ูŠุชุฃู„ู… ู†ูุฑุถ ุฏูŠู„ ู†ุญู†๐Ÿ˜ƒ

ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ ูˆุงู„ inflammation ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุงุฏูŠ ู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ุฑุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
healing by second intention

____
ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุฑู†ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ๐Ÿซฅ
Difference between primary and secondary intention repair

Primary๐Ÿช„

โ€ข Occurs when wound edges are in good opposition

โ€ข Less formation of inflammatory exudate


โ€ข Formation of small amount of granulation tissue


โ€ข Small scar formation
โ€ขRapid healing ๐Ÿ‡

Secondary๐Ÿช„

โ€ข Occurs when edges are separated


โ€ข Excessive inflammatory exudate formation
โ€ข Large amount of granulation tissue
โ€ข Large scar formation

โ€ข Slow healing ๐Ÿข

ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
Complications of wound healing

1.Infection
ูˆุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ู† ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู„ุฉ ู‚ุงู„ุช ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ  ุชู‚ูˆู„ infection
2. Dehiscence
ุฏูŠ ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูˆุจุชุญุตู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
abdomen

3.ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ Koloid  ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดู†ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง ุŸ๐Ÿค”
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Accumulation of excessive amount of collagen
ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง SCAT

4. Proud flesh
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ granulation tissue ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆู‡ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู†ูˆ ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ epithelium ๐Ÿ˜ฑ

ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุชุงุฎุฑ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„
healing
ูˆุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ู… ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1. Systemic influences
2. Local influences

ุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุง ุจุงู„ systemic
ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ Nutrition ุฒูŠ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ูุงูŠุชู…ูŠู†ุงุช...ุงู„ุฎ

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ local
ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ Infection ูˆุงู„ Poor bloodูˆ Foreign bodies...ุงู„ุฎ ...ุงู„ุฎ ...ุงู„ุฎ ูˆุงู†ูˆ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ blood supply ุทู„ุนูˆ poorุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุตู„ ู„ู„ tissue ุงู„ูŠ ุงุตูŠุจุช ูˆุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุง healing ูˆูƒุฏุง ุญูŠุณุฑุนูˆ ุดูุงุกู‡ุง๐Ÿ™

ูˆูƒุฏุง ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿซก
#pathology
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ3โค2๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ’ฏ1
Channel photo updated
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ููŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูุทุฑ ๐Ÿคฒโœจ๏ธ
โค6๐Ÿ‘3๐Ÿ™2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู… (51)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุฃุณุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชูƒู… ุจูƒู„ ุฎูŠุฑ ๐Ÿคฒ
ุญุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†:_
The Digestive System


๐Ÿ’ซุทูŠุจ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„digestive system ุดู†ูˆ... ุจุฅุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ูˆ
its functions are the ingestion, digestion, absorption and defecation of food.

๐Ÿ’ฆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„digestive system

1) Oral cavity, pharynx and alimentary canal
ูˆ ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„alimentary canal ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„esophagus ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„anal opening

2) GastroIntestinal Tract ; GIT
ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„mouth ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ anal opening

๐Ÿ’ซุทูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง main organs
ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
oral cavity/mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus

๐Ÿ’ซุงู„ accessory organs ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

๐Ÿ’ขุฎู„ูˆ ุจุงู„ูƒู… ... ุงู„spleen ู…ุง organ ููŠ ุงู„ digestive system
ู‡ูˆ organ ู…ู† ุงู„lymphatic system

๐Ÿ’ฆุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„oral cavity

๐Ÿ’ซุงู„oral cavity ุจุชูƒูˆู† lined ุจ
stratified squamous epithelium
(ุงู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฑูˆุง ู‡ุณุชูˆ ู„ุญุฏูŠ ู‡ุณูŠ ๐ŸŒš ูˆ ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† ูŠู‚ุฑูˆุง ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช ุจุณ ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš ุดุงูŠูู†ูƒู… ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ.. ู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุงู‚ุฑูˆุง ูˆ ุฃู†ูุนูˆุง ู†ูุณูƒู….. ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿฟ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿฝ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿป)

ุงู„oral cavity ููŠู‡ุง :

โฌ…๏ธ ุงู„lips ู…ู† ุจุฑุง
ุงู„upper lip ูˆ ุงู„lower lip ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุซุจุชุฉ ุจูŠ frenulum
โฌ…๏ธ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„teeth
ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ deciduous (ู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ) ูˆ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง 20 ุŒ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ.
#ูƒุณุฑุฉโ˜ป๏ธ
ุฃูŠ ุฒูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดุงูุน ููŠ ุจูŠุชู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒุฑู… ูŠู…ุณูƒู‡ ูˆ ูŠุนุฏ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ๐Ÿ˜‚
*ูˆ permanent (ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ) ูˆ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง 32 ุŒ ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑ 6 ุณู†ูŠู†
ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ sockets ูˆ ุงู„gingiva ุจุชุญูŠุท ุงู„base ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†

๐Ÿ’ซูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง :
mechanical breaking, churning and crushing of food

๐Ÿ’ซุนู†ุฏู†ุง   six salivary glands
ุจุชูƒูˆู† pairs
*ุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุดูุชูˆุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฐู†ูƒู…... ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ู„ุชุญุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุฏ parotid
*ุฏูŠู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ููƒ.. ุจุฑุถูˆ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุดู…ุงู„ submandibular
*ุฏูŠู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† sublingual

ุงู„saliva ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุจูŠุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ducts ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ mucus, amylase and lysozome

๐Ÿ’ฆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ : ูŠุจู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ lubrication ูˆ dissolving ุŒ ูˆ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุงู„mucous membranes

๐Ÿ’ซ  ุงู„tongue ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† skeletal muscle covered with mucosa, and it has papillae on its surface
ูŠู„ุง ุงู„papillae ุฏูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู†ุงุฒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู„ุณุงู†ูƒู… ุฏูŠ... ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุดูˆู ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู…ุฑุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนุงูŠู† ู„ูŠ ู„ุณุงู†ู‡ ๐Ÿ˜›๐Ÿ˜‚
ุทูŠุจ ูˆ ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุฉ ู„ุณู‡ุŒ ุฃุฑูุนูˆุง ุฃู„ุณู†ุชูƒู…... ู…ุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„mouthุŸ ุฏูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง lingual frenulum

๐Ÿ’ฆูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ :
ูŠุญุฑูƒ / maneuver ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุŒ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ / taste ุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… / talking

๐Ÿ’ขูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„oral cavity ูƒูƒู„
Take in food and prepare it for digestion

๐Ÿ’ฆุงู„pharynx ูˆ ุงู„esophagus

ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ุถูˆุบ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„pharynx ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„pharynx ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ุฑ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุญุงุฌุงุช
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ nasopharyngial
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ oropharyngial
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ laryngopharyngial

ุงู„esophagus ู‡ูˆ tube ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ trachea
ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„cervical regionุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„thoracic region ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุงู„abdominal region ... ุทูˆู„ ุงู„esophagus ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 25cm

ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„pharynxุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจmotion ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง peristalisis

๐Ÿ’ฆุงู„ stomach
ุจูŠู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„esophagus ูˆ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„stomach
ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ sphincter muscle ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cardiac sphincter muscle... ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูˆุงุจุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู„ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ๐Ÿคท๐Ÿฝโ€โ™€๏ธ
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ cardia ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌู…ุจ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏู‡ fundusุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต body ูˆ ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ pylorus

ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ stomach ู‡ูŠ the most dilated part of the GIT and it acts as a temporary storage place for food

ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถูˆ ุจุชู‡ุถู… ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ gastric juice ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† HCl ุŒ pepsinogen and mucus

ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„stomach ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง muscles (longitudinal, circular and oblique) ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„mechanical digestion of food

๐Ÿ’ขู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ :
ุงู„oblique muscles ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„stomach ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„digestive system
ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู…ุชุต ุฃูŠ ุฃูƒู„.. ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ุชุต ู„ูŠ water, electrolytes, drugs like aspirin and alcohol
ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจุชู‡ุถู… ุงู„proteins ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„pepsinogen ู„ูŠ pepsin ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„HCl ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฎูู ู„ุดูƒู„ ุณุงุฆู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ chyme
ุงู„mucous ุงู„ุจูŠุชูุฑุฒ ุจูŠุญู…ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„action ุญู‚ ุงู„pepsin... ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„mucous ุฏู‡ (ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ) ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„mucous ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„pepsin ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู‚ุฑุญุฉ ุฃูˆpeptic ulcer.

ูˆุจุณุณุณ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุฌุงูŠุฉ๐Ÿซก
ุณู„ุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ5๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿคฉ2
๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1
Cellular Pathology.pdf
618.9 KB
Cellular Pathology.pdf

#pathology
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘1
ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏุง ูุฃุฏุนูˆ ู„ู†ูุณูƒู… ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุตุงู„ุญ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒโœจ๏ธ
โค3๐Ÿ™2
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(52)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุชุญูŠุฉ ูˆุถุงุกุฉ ู„ุดุฎุตูƒู… ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ๐Ÿ˜Š
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ุจูƒูˆุฑุณ ุฑู‡ูŠูŠูŠูŠุจ ูˆู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุดูŠู‚ู‡ ูุฃุฑุจุทูˆุง ุฃุญุฒู…ุชูƒู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุณุชู‚ู„ุน๐Ÿ›ฌู‡ุจุทุช ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ุจูŠูˆุน ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญุญุฒูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠู†ุฉ
๐Ÿ’ขSalivary Glands ๐Ÿ’ข

ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง:-
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are salivary glands?
The salivary glands are exocrine glands found in mouth produces saliva,
ุฃูˆ
It site between ramius of mandible and sternomastoid muscle below External auditory meatus .
๐Ÿ’ขboundaries of Salivary Glands
ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูˆุชุญุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุงุช
Upward ๐Ÿ‘‰zygomatic arch
Down wards ๐Ÿ‘‰ angle of the mandible.
ุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ู ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุธุงู…
Anterior ๐Ÿ‘‰
Overlap masseter muscle
Posterior ๐Ÿ‘‰ overlap sternomastoid muscle
ุฃู…ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ salivary glands ูุจุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูƒู…ุง ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Lateral view
ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒ irregular pyramid
Horizontal section
ุจุชูƒูˆู† triangular shape

ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุดุทุงุงุงุงุฑ ุงู„ salivary glands ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆูˆุŸุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”

ุนู†ุฏู†ุง   six salivary glands
ุจุชูƒูˆู† pairs
๐Ÿ’ซParotid Glands
ุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ุŒ ุดูุชูˆุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฐู†ูƒู…... ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ู„ุชุญุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎุฏ
ูˆุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ salivary glands.
๐Ÿ’ซsubmandibular Glands
ุฏูŠู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ููƒ.. ุจุฑุถูˆ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุดู…ุงู„
๐Ÿ’ซsublingual
ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุณู…ูˆู‡ ูƒุฏู‡

ุงู„saliva ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุจูŠุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ducts ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ mucus, amylase and lysozome

โœด๏ธูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ : ูŠุจู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ lubrication ูˆ dissolving ุŒ ูˆ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุงู„mucous membranes

๐Ÿ’ซุงู„ saliva ุฒุงุชู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
1\ serous
2/mucous
1-parotid glands (serous).
2-Submandibular glands (mixed)
3-Sublingual (mucous)
๐Ÿ’ขุทูŠุจ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ salivary glands ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ glands ูƒูŠูุŸุŸุŸุŸ?
1-each gland is surrounded by connective tissue capsule.
2-devided into lobules.
3-each gland has secretary piece and duct system.
4-the secretary end piece has serous or mucous cells in addition to myoepithelial cells.
ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฌุฏ ุจุณูŠุท ูˆู…ู‡ุถูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆู… ุดุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ ๐Ÿ˜‹๐Ÿ˜‹
ุทูŠุจ ุญู†ูุฑุฒ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ serous and mucous cells???
ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ู… ูŠุงุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุงุฑุญ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are charcters of serous cells?
1-pyramidal.
2-rounded nuclei.
3-narrow leumen with basophilic staining.
4-serous cells form acini.
๐Ÿ’ขWhat are charcters of mucous cells?
1-pale.
2-cuboidal to columnar.
3-nuclei flattened.
4-wide lumen.
5-mucous cells form tubules.
๐Ÿ’ขWhat is serous demilune?
Is mucous tubule capped with serous acinus.
ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ ๐Ÿ˜‹๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿฉ๐Ÿช๐Ÿฅฎ๐Ÿจ๐Ÿง ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงูŠ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ

๐Ÿ’ขparotid Glands
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ salivary glands ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„saliva ุงู„ุจุชูุฑุฒู‡ุง 25% ุจุณ๐Ÿ˜ฅ๐Ÿฅบ
ูุตู„ู†ุง ูุณุชุงู† ุงู„ parotid Glands ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุณู…ุญู‡ ุŒุญุธู‡ุง ุญุดุดุช ู„ู„ุนูŠุฏ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿ˜…๐Ÿ˜‚
1-serous glands.
2-covered with capsule which is part of deep facia.
3-at the side of mandible.
๐Ÿ’ขุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู‚ุจูŠู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ูˆ ุงู„gland ุจุชุฌูŠ ู…ู† duct ุŸุŸุŸุทูŠุจ ุงู„ parotid duct ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุฑุงุจุŸุŸ
1-the duct penetrates through buccinator muscles.
2-it's palpable over masseter muscle.
3-it oppens into vestibule against upper second molar teeth.
-it extends from zygmotic arch to the upper part of the neck.
-overlap the masseter muscle anteriorly.
-in transverse section it occupies the gab between mandible, mastoid and styloid processes.
4-the capsule is supplied by great auricular nerve.
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ูˆ ุฃูŠ glands ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุทูˆุญ ๐Ÿข๐Ÿฃ๐ŸŒƒ๐ŸŒ† ูุญุงู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ parotid Glands

1-superficial surface :-
๐Ÿ”ธrelated to the skin and facia.
2-anteriomedial surface :-
๐Ÿ”ธgrooved by posterior border of mandible.
๐Ÿ”ธrelated to the masseter and medial ptegroid muscles.
๐Ÿ”ธThe parotid duct and branches of facial nerve emerge from anteriomedial surface also terminal branches of external carotid artery(ECA).
3-Posteriomedial surfaces :-
๐Ÿ”ธcontacts to styloid and mastoid processes.
๐Ÿ”ธECA enters the gland through this surface.
๐Ÿ‰๐ŸŒ๐Ÿ‡๐Ÿ“๐ŸŽุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ ู†ุฒูˆุฑ ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูŠ ูˆุฃู…ุซุงู„ู‡
Innervation of parotid Glands

๐Ÿ”ธArteries:- external carotid artery and its branches within gland.
๐Ÿ”ธVeins :- retromandibular vein.
๐Ÿง nerve
Facial nerve passes through it
๐Ÿ‘2โค1๐Ÿคฉ1
ุงู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุณุชู…ุชุนูŠู† ุŸุŸุŸ
ุญู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุฑูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…๐Ÿ˜œ
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘1
ูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠูŠุฏ
๐Ÿ’ขSubmandibular glands


It's a mixed glands
(ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุชุฌ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุงุŒ serous and mucous saliva)
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†
1\superficial part ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฒุฉ๐Ÿฅ”๐Ÿฅ”ูˆ
ุจูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ๐Ÿƒ

๐Ÿ’ขsuperficial surface:-
ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†:-
_Cervical Fascia
_Cervical branches of facial nerve
_anterior facial vein
๐Ÿ’ขmedial surface:_
ุจุชุถู… ู„ูŠู†ุง ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุงูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูุงุตู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Mylohyiod muscle
Hyoglossus muscle
Intermediate tendon of digastric

๐Ÿ’ขLateral surface
ู„ูˆ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ู„ lateral surface of Submandibular glands ุจู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง Mylohyiod line ูˆุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฎุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ูุงุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† Submandibular fossa and sublingual fossa
ูˆุจุฑุถูˆ ุงู„ facial artery ุจุฌูŠ ู…ุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ mandible and Submandibular glands
ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุงุญุชูˆุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Mylohyiod vessels and nerve.
2/deep part
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠู† 2muscles2 nerve
Muscles:-Mylohyiod and hyoglossus Muscles
Nerves:-lingual nerve above and hypoglossus below.
ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ submandibular ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ๐ŸŒููŠ ุงู„ digastric triangle ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง Almond.

It's parasympathatic gangilion๐Ÿง 
ุจุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ lateral surface of hyoglossus muscle.
๐Ÿ’ซุงู„ root ุญู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† preganglionic fiber ุฃู…ุง ุจุฑุงู†ุดุงุชู‡๐ŸŒฟ ุจุชูƒูˆู† postganglionic fiber .
๐Ÿ’ซู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงู„ Submandibular glands
-it's duct oppens into oral cavity proper.
-the duct passes forward to oppen on small sublingual papilla beside the base of frenulum,

๐Ÿ’ฆAttachez Vos centuries de securite ;parce que nous allons etudier la chose la plus importante Dan's cette lecon.
ุงู„ู…ุง ุจุนุฑู ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุญู‚ู‡ ุฑุงุงุงุงุงุญ โ˜ป๏ธ
Nerve supply
Artery ๐Ÿ‘‰submental branches of facial artery.
Vein ๐Ÿ‘‰anterior facial vein
Lymph node ๐Ÿ‘‰facial artery node,deep cervical and jugular node.

๐Ÿ’ขsublingual glands

-mucous glands located below the tongue.
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠูุฑูŠ ู‚ู„ุงู†ุฏ.
-each is almond shaped and is immediately lateral to Submandibular duct.
-associated to lingual nerve in floor of oral cavity.
๐Ÿ’ซSublingual and Submandibular are supplied by branches of facial and lingual arteries.
-lies against medial surface of the mandible and forms shallow groove(Sublingual fossa) supperior to the anterior 1/3 of mylohyoid line.
ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ Sublingual glands ุฃุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ู†ูˆุŸุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”๐Ÿค”
Blood supply ๐Ÿ’ฆ

Artery ๐Ÿ‘‰sublingual branches of lingual artery and submental branches of facial artery

Nerve supply ๐Ÿ‘‰sensory supply from lingual nerve
Sympathetic and parasympathatic supply from Submandibular gangilion.
ูˆุงู„ lymph node Submandibular lymph nod

ูˆุจูƒุฏู‡ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุงู„ salivary glands ๐Ÿ˜Š
ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู‚ุงุก ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡.๐Ÿซก
ูˆุจุณุณุณุณ ุณู„ุงุงุงู…๐Ÿ˜โœ‹
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ”ฅ2
๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ‘1
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…

ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุฑู‚ู…(53)

ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠ ุดุจุงุจ  ุฃู† ุดุงุกุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจูŠู† ๐Ÿ‘‹โค๏ธ๐Ÿ˜Š

ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†๐Ÿค”

   ๐Ÿ’ข  muscle of mastication :-

ูˆู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู‚ู‡๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ•๐Ÿคค ๐Ÿฅจ

              ูŠู„ุง  ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุง ๐Ÿซก๐Ÿ”ฅ

๐Ÿ›‘ุงูˆู„ุง ู‡ู… muscles 4โƒฃู…ูˆุฌุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ ๐Ÿ’€skull :
1-masseter
2- temporalis
3- medial pterygoid
4-latral pterygoid

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹:-
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡๐Ÿ˜ป๐Ÿค ู‡ูŠ:

1-they take origin from skull.
2-inserted into mandible .
3-they act on temporomandibular joint .
โ—‹ูƒุณุฑู‡
-ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ  ุซูˆุงู†ูŠ ๐ŸคŒู…ุงุดูŠู† ูˆูŠู†๐Ÿšถ๐Ÿคš ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ joint ุฏู‡:

-ุงูˆู„ุง โ˜๏ธู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠู† articular tubercle ูˆ anterior portion of the
mandibular fossa
-ุซุงู†ูŠุงโœŒ๏ธ ู†ูˆุนู‡ synovial joint

4-they supply by mandibular nerve

       ูƒุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‡.

๐Ÿ›‘ุซุงู„ุซุงู‹:-
Movement of mandible๐ŸŒช:

_elevation โฌ†๏ธand depressionโฌ‡๏ธ.
_protraction โžก๏ธand retractionโฌ…๏ธ .
_side by side movementsโญโฎ.

โœจุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… muscle muscle ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ originูˆุงู„ insertionูˆ ุงู„ action ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐูŠ locomotor๐Ÿ˜ณ ู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠุงุฎ ุฏู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ุดูˆูŠู‡๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜‚

๐Ÿ’ข1/Masseter muscle :-

-โœจ origin : lower border and inner aspect of zygomatic .

- โœจinsertion: outer surface of ramus arch of mandible .

- โœจaction:
1- elevation of mandible.                                                 (.    anti-gravity muscle
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏู‡ ุทูˆู„ ู… ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ๐Ÿ˜Ž ูˆ ุชุชุฑุชุฎูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู…๐Ÿ˜ด)
2- protrusion โžก๏ธof the mandible.
#GIT
#summary_squeezer_team
https://t.me/summarysquezer
๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ”ฅ1