hyperemia cannot occur when the arteries that supply the capillary beds are narrowed.

dilated and tortuous veins that result from a sustained increase in pressure and allowing for reflux of blood and vein engorgement

Thrombophlebitis refers to thrombus formation in a vein

Deep ____ thrombosis may be a precursor to pulmonary embolism.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) most commonly occurs in the ______ extremities

Isolated calf thrombi often are___

Atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of CAD.

Atherosclerosis can affect one or all three of the major epicardial coronary arteries and their branches.

Clinically significant lesions may be located anywhere in these vessels, but tend to predominate in the first several centimetres of the left anterior descending and left circumflex or the entire length of the right coronary artery

Clinically significant lesions may be located anywhere in

Coronary heart disease is commonly divided into two types of disorders:
✓The acute coronary syndromes.
✓The chronic ischemic heart disease.

ranging from unstable angina to myocardial infarction that is caused by acute plaque disruption.

The acute coronary syndromes :caused by atherosclerotic or vasospastic obstruction of the coronary arteries.

Heart Failure
It means, failure of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

The efficiency of the heart as a pump is determined by the amount of blood that it ejects each minute

Cardiac output is determined by

Causes of heart failure:

Edema
Also known as fluid retention, or swelling, is the build up of fluid in the body’s tissue

Edema
Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected.

pitting" when, after pressure is applied to a small area, the indentation persists after the release of the pressure.

Peripheral pitting edema, is the more common type, resulting from water retention.