Resolution: Degree of separation of different solutes

can be improved by using

Rf = retardation factor. The Rf value has to be between 0 and 3

Adsorption chromatography
Partition chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography Molecular exclusion chromatography

Column chromatography
TLC
Paper chromatography On the basis of chromatographic bed shape

ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Principle of separation: utilizes a mobile liquid or
gaseous phase

adsorbent filled in a tube (column) in ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY

retard some components of sample more as compared to others.

Stationary phase is held in a narrow tube in column

mobile phase in COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
is forced under

The factor governing separation of mixtures of solutes on filter paper is the partition between two miscible phases.
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water adsorbed on cellulose fibres in the paper (Mobile phase).

(TLC)
involves a stationary phase of a thin layer of adsorbent like

Detection under UV light is second choice - non destructive

Spots of fluorescent compounds can be seen at 254 nm (short wave length) or at 366 nm (long wave length)

Spots of non fluorescent compounds can be seen - fluorescent stationary phase is used - cellulose GF

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC)
Also called as Gas————- chromatography

stationary phase of GC (often a liquid silicone- based material

mobile gas of GC (most often nitrogen )

high temperatures used in GC make it suitable for high molecular weight biopolymers or proteins

mobile phase is an unreactive gas ( e.g. Nitrogen

stationary phase is an volatile liquid