Strophanthus kombe Indications: Atrial fibrillation, Atrial flutter, Cardiac arrhythmia, Left ventricular failure, Ventricular arrhythmias

: it is an expectorant, but it also possesses
emetic, cardiotonic and diuretic properties

: it is used as a rat poison (scilliroside), because rodents lack the vomiting reflex,

Nerium: Nerium oleander: is an evergreen small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, toxic in ______ its parts.

Oleander has historically been considered a poisonous plant because some of its compounds may exhibit toxicity, especially to animals, when consumed in large amounts.

Among these compounds are oleandrin and oleandrigenin, known as cardiac glycosides, which are known to have a narrow therapeutic

Anthraquinone glycoside is a Glycoside in which the _____ is anthracene derivatives occur as the pharmacologically active constituents of several cathartics of plant origin.

The anthracene occurs in these medicinal plants in various forms of different oxidation-levels as derivatives of anthraquinone, of anthrone, or oxanthrone or anthranol, as well as in a dimeric forms (dianthrone) in some cases.

They are on hydrolysis , yield aglycones which are di, tri, or tetra hydroxyl anthraquinones or modifications of these compounds.

__ the sugar moieties, free anthraquinone exhibit little therapeutic activity.

The sugar is essential because it serves to transport the aglycone to the site of action in the______

Anthraquinone group are inter changeable to each other by

C-C glycosides, aloins are very resistant to hydrolysis and are______ hydrolysed

It can ,however, be decomposed by oxidative hydrolysis with reagents such as ferric chloride.