๐ุงูู
ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูู
ูู
ุฉ ููุฌุฑ 4 ๐๐๐ฅ
โญ๏ธKind energy ( mechanical.chemical.electric
๐ ฑ_open system ( exchange energy and matter
Close system (exchange energy but not exchange material
Isolated system (no exchange energy and matter
๐_conserving energy (can be transformed from one kind into to another but not created and destroy
๐ พwork done (by) system mean negative
Work done (on) system mean positive
๐_isobraic is processe kept constant
๐-Q exothermic(released)
+Qendothermic(absorption)
โ๏ธ isothermal open or closed system
Adibaric isolated system only
๐heat flow out Q(-ve)
๐ heat flow on Q(+ve)
๐ พ work and heat appears only boundaries
๐Heat (Q) is a transfer of energy resulting from a temperature
difference between the system and the surroundings,
๐ซWork (W) is a transfer of energy that can be used to change the
height of a weight somewhere in the surroundings,
______________________________
surroundings:ู ุญูุท
boundaries ุญุฏูุฏ
Converse energy: ุญูุธ ุงูุทุงูุฉ
โญ๏ธKind energy ( mechanical.chemical.electric
๐ ฑ_open system ( exchange energy and matter
Close system (exchange energy but not exchange material
Isolated system (no exchange energy and matter
๐_conserving energy (can be transformed from one kind into to another but not created and destroy
๐ พwork done (by) system mean negative
Work done (on) system mean positive
๐_isobraic is processe kept constant
๐-Q exothermic(released)
+Qendothermic(absorption)
โ๏ธ isothermal open or closed system
Adibaric isolated system only
๐heat flow out Q(-ve)
๐ heat flow on Q(+ve)
๐ พ work and heat appears only boundaries
๐Heat (Q) is a transfer of energy resulting from a temperature
difference between the system and the surroundings,
๐ซWork (W) is a transfer of energy that can be used to change the
height of a weight somewhere in the surroundings,
______________________________
surroundings:ู ุญูุท
boundaries ุญุฏูุฏ
Converse energy: ุญูุธ ุงูุทุงูุฉ
Studyยฎ
๐ุงูู
ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูู
ูู
ุฉ ููุฌุฑ 4 ๐๐๐ฅ โญ๏ธKind energy ( mechanical.chemical.electric ๐
ฑ_open system ( exchange energy and matter Close system (exchange energy but not exchange material Isolated system (no exchange energy and matter ๐_conserving energy (can be transformedโฆ
๐ุงูู
ูู ูุงูู
ูุดูุฑ ูุบูููู
ุนู ูุฑุงุกุฉ ููุฌุฑ 4 ููุดู ูุงุถุญ ูุฏุงู
ูู
ู
ุชุทุฑู ูููุดู
๐++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูู ูุณูู ูู ุงูู ูุงุฒู ููุฌ ุญูุธูุงุช ูุญุฏ+ููุงููู ู ุณุงุฆู ูุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ุญุจูุชูุง ุงูููุฑุฉ
๐++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูู ูุณูู ูู ุงูู ูุงุฒู ููุฌ ุญูุธูุงุช ูุญุฏ+ููุงููู ู ุณุงุฆู ูุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ุญุจูุชูุง ุงูููุฑุฉ
๐ุทูุงุจ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู
ุณุงุฆู ุงูู
ุตุฏุฑ ููุฌุฑ 4 ุงูู ุฏุงุฎูุฉ ุงููุง ููุท ุงูู
ุณุฆูุฉ ุงูุฃููู ูุงูู ููุฉ ุชุทุจูู ู
ุจุงุดุฑ ุงูู ุดุงู ุงูู
ูู ุงูููู ููุฏุฑ ูุญููุฉ
โ๏ธโ๏ธุจุงูู ุงูู ุณุงุฆู ุบูุฑ ุฏุงุฎูุฉ ูุฃู ููุงููู ู ุง ู ุงุฎุฐููุง
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ููุฌุฑ 4 ุตุงุฑ ูุงุถุญ ุนุฏูู ุุ๐
โ๏ธโ๏ธุจุงูู ุงูู ุณุงุฆู ุบูุฑ ุฏุงุฎูุฉ ูุฃู ููุงููู ู ุง ู ุงุฎุฐููุง
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ููุฌุฑ 4 ุตุงุฑ ูุงุถุญ ุนุฏูู ุุ๐
๐
พูููุง ููุฌุฑ 4 ููุดู ูู
ู ุนุฏูู
(ููุงููู+ู
ูุงุญุธุงุช+ุฎุทูุงุช ุญู ุงูู
ุณุงุฆู+ู
ุณุฆูุฉ ุงูู
ูุฒู
ู+ุญูุธูุงุช ุงูู
ูุฒู
ู ูููุง)
๐ุงู ุดุฎุต ุนูุฏุฉ ู ุดููุฉ ุจ ููุฌุฑ ููุฏุฑ ูุณุฃู ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช++ุงุงุฐุง ุชูุงุฌููู ู ุดููุฉ ุจุงูู ุณุงุฆู ุฃู ุงูููุงููู ู ู ูู ุงุดุฑุญูุง ููุฏูู๐๐ฅ
๐ุงู ุดุฎุต ุนูุฏุฉ ู ุดููุฉ ุจ ููุฌุฑ ููุฏุฑ ูุณุฃู ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช++ุงุงุฐุง ุชูุงุฌููู ู ุดููุฉ ุจุงูู ุณุงุฆู ุฃู ุงูููุงููู ู ู ูู ุงุดุฑุญูุง ููุฏูู๐๐ฅ
ูุงู ู
ูุงุฒู
ุงูููุฒูุงุก ุงููุธุฑู
ุจุณ ุจูุฑู ุงูู
ูุนูู ู ุซูุง ุจูู ูุฑูู ุณูุงูุฏ ูุงุญุฏ
ุตุงุฑุช ูฃ ุณูุงูุฏุงุช ุจูุฑูู ูุญุฏู
ูู ุชููู ุนูููู ุงููุฑู ๐๐ป๐งก๐
ุจุณ ุจูุฑู ุงูู
ูุนูู ู ุซูุง ุจูู ูุฑูู ุณูุงูุฏ ูุงุญุฏ
ุตุงุฑุช ูฃ ุณูุงูุฏุงุช ุจูุฑูู ูุญุฏู
ูู ุชููู ุนูููู ุงููุฑู ๐๐ป๐งก๐
๐1
ุทูุงุจ ุฌุงูุจููู
ุจุดุงุฑู ูุฏุดู ๐งก๐
ุชููู ุญุงุฌูุช ุงูู ู ุซููู ู ุตุทูู ูุนูู ููุณ
ุนูู ูุฏ ุงูู ุงุณุฆูู ุงูู ุตุฏุฑ ุฏุงุฎูู ูู ูุง
ูุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุงููููู ู ุง ุฏุงุฎูู
ุงูุฏุงุฎู ุจุณ ุงูุดุฑุญู ุจุงูู ุญุงุธุฑู
๐งก๐งก๐งก๐
ุชููู ุญุงุฌูุช ุงูู ู ุซููู ู ุตุทูู ูุนูู ููุณ
ุนูู ูุฏ ุงูู ุงุณุฆูู ุงูู ุตุฏุฑ ุฏุงุฎูู ูู ูุง
ูุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุงููููู ู ุง ุฏุงุฎูู
ุงูุฏุงุฎู ุจุณ ุงูุดุฑุญู ุจุงูู ุญุงุธุฑู
๐งก๐งก๐งก๐
Forwarded from I.U.C-Pharmacists 5th Stage โ๏ธ๐ (MUSTAFA ASAAD ๐)
ุนูุฏู ุจุดุงุฑุฉ ุงููู
๐๐
ุจุฎุตูุต ุงูููุฒูุงุก ๐ค
ุชุจููุบ ู ู ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุง ุชูุฑูู ุงู ู ุตุฏุฑ
ุงุนุชู ุฏูุง ุน ุงูู ูุงุฒู ุจุดูู ูููู ๐
ูุฑูุฒู ุนูู ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูู ุดุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุจุงูู ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐ค
ูููููู ุงููู ุญุจุงูุจ ๐ค
ุจุฎุตูุต ุงูููุฒูุงุก ๐ค
ุชุจููุบ ู ู ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุง ุชูุฑูู ุงู ู ุตุฏุฑ
ุงุนุชู ุฏูุง ุน ุงูู ูุงุฒู ุจุดูู ูููู ๐
ูุฑูุฒู ุนูู ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูู ุดุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุจุงูู ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐ค
ูููููู ุงููู ุญุจุงูุจ ๐ค
I.U.C-Pharmacists 5th Stage โ๏ธ๐
ุนูุฏู ุจุดุงุฑุฉ ุงููู
๐๐ ุจุฎุตูุต ุงูููุฒูุงุก ๐ค ุชุจููุบ ู
ู ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ูุง ุชูุฑูู ุงู ู
ุตุฏุฑ ุงุนุชู
ุฏูุง ุน ุงูู
ูุงุฒู
ุจุดูู ูููู ๐ ูุฑูุฒู ุนูู ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูู ุดุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุจุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐ค ูููููู
ุงููู ุญุจุงูุจ ๐ค
ุงูู ุงุญุฏ ุงุณุจุงุจ ูุฐุง ุงูุชุจููุบ ูุจูุง ูุฎุฑ ๐๐
TapScanner ู ูข-ูกูข-ูขู ูขูก-ูกูกู๊ฅูฆ.pdf
341.3 KB
ุชูุถูุญุงุช ููุฌุฑ 3 ููุฒูุงููุฉ ูุธุฑู
โ๏ธุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 3
๐Gibs phase rule
__________________________
๐ ฐPhase is a homogenous physically distinct portion of a system that can be separated from other portions by a bounding surface.
๐ ฑThe number of degrees of freedom is the least number of intensive variables that must be known to describe the system completely
๐ ฐIntensive variables are variables that donโt depend on quantity of the system, ex: pressure, temperature, concentration and density.
_________________________
โ๏ธOne phase system
Condensed systems: are systems in which only liquid and/or solid phases are considered and the vapor phase is ignored and the pressure become a fixed variable.
____________________________
๐ พTwo phases system contains two liquid
Upper consolute temperature: is the
imaximum temperature at which the two phase region exists, above this temperature the two liquids are completely miscible and result in formation of one liquid phase system.
________________________
Two components contains liquid and solid
๐ ฐ The eutectic point: is the lowest
temperature at which a liquid phase can exit
๐ ฑ Note: The solid phase consist of pure crystalline components exist together with the liquid (two phases).
๐Note:The two components A and B are found together as:
๏ Completely miscible in liquid state (one phase).
๏ Completely immiscible in solid state (two phases)
_________________________
Three components system
๐ ฐ๏ In condensed system with
fixed pressure and temperature,
then, F = 3 - 1= 2
๐ ฑ๏ In non-condensed system, three component systems containing
one phase, F = 3 - 1 + 2 = 4
๐four degrees of freedom are pressure, temperature, and the
concentrations of only two components of the three
__________________________
Thermal analysis
๐ ฐthermal analysis is used to characterize the alterations in substances properties when subjected to heating or cooling process.
๐ ฑThe most common methods of thermal analysis are:
๏ Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
๏ Differential thermal analysis (DTA)
๏ Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
๏ Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA)
___________________________
#ูุณูุงู ุชูู ๐๐ฅ
ุงู ุดุฎุต ุนูุฏุฉ ุณูุงู ุนู ุฃู ููุฌุฑ ููุฏุฑ ูุณุฃู ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช
๐Gibs phase rule
__________________________
๐ ฐPhase is a homogenous physically distinct portion of a system that can be separated from other portions by a bounding surface.
๐ ฑThe number of degrees of freedom is the least number of intensive variables that must be known to describe the system completely
๐ ฐIntensive variables are variables that donโt depend on quantity of the system, ex: pressure, temperature, concentration and density.
_________________________
โ๏ธOne phase system
Condensed systems: are systems in which only liquid and/or solid phases are considered and the vapor phase is ignored and the pressure become a fixed variable.
____________________________
๐ พTwo phases system contains two liquid
Upper consolute temperature: is the
imaximum temperature at which the two phase region exists, above this temperature the two liquids are completely miscible and result in formation of one liquid phase system.
________________________
Two components contains liquid and solid
๐ ฐ The eutectic point: is the lowest
temperature at which a liquid phase can exit
๐ ฑ Note: The solid phase consist of pure crystalline components exist together with the liquid (two phases).
๐Note:The two components A and B are found together as:
๏ Completely miscible in liquid state (one phase).
๏ Completely immiscible in solid state (two phases)
_________________________
Three components system
๐ ฐ๏ In condensed system with
fixed pressure and temperature,
then, F = 3 - 1= 2
๐ ฑ๏ In non-condensed system, three component systems containing
one phase, F = 3 - 1 + 2 = 4
๐four degrees of freedom are pressure, temperature, and the
concentrations of only two components of the three
__________________________
Thermal analysis
๐ ฐthermal analysis is used to characterize the alterations in substances properties when subjected to heating or cooling process.
๐ ฑThe most common methods of thermal analysis are:
๏ Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
๏ Differential thermal analysis (DTA)
๏ Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
๏ Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA)
___________________________
#ูุณูุงู ุชูู ๐๐ฅ
ุงู ุดุฎุต ุนูุฏุฉ ุณูุงู ุนู ุฃู ููุฌุฑ ููุฏุฑ ูุณุฃู ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช
๐1
TapScanner ู ูฃ-ูกูข-ูขู ูขูก-ูกู ู๊ฅูฃ.pdf
352.3 KB
ููุงููู ูู
ูุงุญุธุงุช ู
ุณุงุฆู ููุฌุฑ 1 ๐๐ฅ
++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูู ูุฒู ุงูุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 1
#ph_suhaib
++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูู ูุฒู ุงูุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 1
#ph_suhaib
๐ุชูุถูุญ ููุงููู ูู
ูุงุญุธุงุช ู
ุณุงุฆู ููุฌุฑ 4 https://t.me/studyphar/1704
_______________________
https://t.me/studyphar/1705 ุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 4
____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1722 ุชูุถูุญ ููุฌุฑ 3
_____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1723 ุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 3
____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1725 ููุงููู ูู ูุงุญุธุงุช ู ุณุงุฆู ููุฌุฑ 1
_______________________
https://t.me/studyphar/1705 ุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 4
____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1722 ุชูุถูุญ ููุฌุฑ 3
_____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1723 ุญูุธูุงุช ููุฌุฑ 3
____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1725 ููุงููู ูู ูุงุญุธุงุช ู ุณุงุฆู ููุฌุฑ 1
Telegram
Studyยฎ
ููุงููู ูู
ูุงุญุธุงุช ู
ุณุงุฆู ููุฌุฑ 4 ๐๐๐ฅ
ูุฐุง ุงูู ูู ูุญุชูู ุนูู ููุงููู ููุฌุฑ 4 ูููุง+ู ูุงุญุธุงุช ุญู ุงูู ุณุงุฆู+ ูุญุฏุงุช ุงูู ุณุงุฆู+ ุจุนุถ ุงูู ุตุทูุญุงุช
ุงู ุณูุงู ุนู ููุฌุฑ 4 ุนุฏูู ุณุฃููุง ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช ๐
ูุณูู ูููู ุนู ูู ูู ุท ูู ู ุง ูุญุชุงุฌ
ูุฐุง ุงูู ูู ูุญุชูู ุนูู ููุงููู ููุฌุฑ 4 ูููุง+ู ูุงุญุธุงุช ุญู ุงูู ุณุงุฆู+ ูุญุฏุงุช ุงูู ุณุงุฆู+ ุจุนุถ ุงูู ุตุทูุญุงุช
ุงู ุณูุงู ุนู ููุฌุฑ 4 ุนุฏูู ุณุฃููุง ุจุงูุชุนูููุงุช ๐
ูุณูู ูููู ุนู ูู ูู ุท ูู ู ุง ูุญุชุงุฌ
๐ุทูุงุจ ูุง ุชูุณูู ุงูุญุงุณุจุงุช ุจุงุฌุฑ ุงุญุชู
ุงู ูุณู
ุญูู ุงููู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุง ๐ฅ๐ฅ
๐ูููุง ูู
ููู ููุฒูุงููุฉ ูููุง ู
ูุฎุตุงุช ูู ุฃูู
ุงุฏุฉ ู
ุณุงุฆู ูุญูุธูุงุช ++ ููุฒ ู
ุฏ ููู ุฃูู
ุงุฏุฉ๐๐ฅ
โญ๏ธุฑุฆููู ุจุงูููุฒูุงููุฉ ู ู ู ูุฎุตุงุช ูููุฒุงุช
ุฑุงุญ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุงุณุชุฑุงุญู ุนุถููุฉ ููุณูุฌู ุฃู ุดุงุก ุงููู ๐
โญ๏ธุฑุฆููู ุจุงูููุฒูุงููุฉ ู ู ู ูุฎุตุงุช ูููุฒุงุช
ุฑุงุญ ูุฃุฎุฐ ุงุณุชุฑุงุญู ุนุถููุฉ ููุณูุฌู ุฃู ุดุงุก ุงููู ๐
ุดูู ุฑุงููู
ุจุงูุงุณุฆูู ุงูููู
..
ุจูุณุจู ุฌุจูุฑุฉ ุฌุงูุช ุงูุงุณุฆูู ุบูุฑ ู ุจุงุดุฑู
ูุงุบูุจ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงุฑุงุช ุฌุงูุช C ๐งก๐
ุจูุณุจู ุฌุจูุฑุฉ ุฌุงูุช ุงูุงุณุฆูู ุบูุฑ ู ุจุงุดุฑู
ูุงุบูุจ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงุฑุงุช ุฌุงูุช C ๐งก๐
Anonymous Poll
73%
ุตุนุจู
24%
ู
ุชูุณุทู
3%
ุณููู
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๐ู
ูุฎุต ุนุถููุฉ ูุถุฑู ููุฌุฑ 1
โ๏ธ ุชุทุฑูุช ูููุดู ุจุงูู ูุฒู ู ููุฉ ูู ุณููุฉ ุจุณ ุฃุณุงุณูุงุช
โญ๏ธุงุฐุง ุญุจูุชูุง ููุฑุฉ ุงูุชูุฎูุต ูู ู ูุฒู ู ุนู ูู ุทุฑุงุฒ ุญุชู ุฃุญุงูู ุงูู ููู ูุจู ุงูู ุฏ
โ๏ธโ๏ธ ู ู ูู ุงุฐุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ุจุตู ู ุฃู ู ูุช ูู ูุดุฑุญูุง
โ๏ธ ุชุทุฑูุช ูููุดู ุจุงูู ูุฒู ู ููุฉ ูู ุณููุฉ ุจุณ ุฃุณุงุณูุงุช
โญ๏ธุงุฐุง ุญุจูุชูุง ููุฑุฉ ุงูุชูุฎูุต ูู ู ูุฒู ู ุนู ูู ุทุฑุงุฒ ุญุชู ุฃุญุงูู ุงูู ููู ูุจู ุงูู ุฏ
โ๏ธโ๏ธ ู ู ูู ุงุฐุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ุจุตู ู ุฃู ู ูุช ูู ูุดุฑุญูุง
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835 KB
ุชูุฎูุต ููุฌุฑ 2 ุนุถููุฉ
ู ุชุทุฑู ูููุดู ุจุงูู ูุฒู ู ูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุจุฃูุถุญ ุตูุฑุฉ ๐๐ฅ
ู ุชุทุฑู ูููุดู ุจุงูู ูุฒู ู ูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุจุฃูุถุญ ุตูุฑุฉ ๐๐ฅ