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The 5th Stage of Pharmacy College -
Al-Esraa University ๐Ÿ’Š
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ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ physical pharmacy ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿงก
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ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ู ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ูƒู„ู‡ุง+ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„+ ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช
ุงูŠ ุณูˆุงู„ ุนู† ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ุนุฏูƒู… ุณุฃู„ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ๐ŸŒš
ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ู† ุนู„ ู‡ู„ ู†ู…ุท ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ
๐Ÿ†Žุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
โญ•๏ธKind energy ( mechanical.chemical.electric
๐Ÿ…ฑ_open system ( exchange energy and matter
Close system (exchange energy but not exchange material
Isolated system (no exchange energy and matter
๐Ÿ†Ž_conserving energy (can be transformed from one kind into to another but not created and destroy
๐Ÿ…พwork done (by) system mean negative
Work done (on) system mean positive
๐Ÿ†˜_isobraic is processe kept constant
๐Ÿ›‘-Q exothermic(released)
+Qendothermic(absorption)
โ›”๏ธ isothermal open or closed system
Adibaric isolated system only
๐Ÿ†‘heat flow out Q(-ve)
๐Ÿ†‘ heat flow on Q(+ve)
๐Ÿ…พ work and heat appears only boundaries

๐Ÿ“›Heat (Q) is a transfer of energy resulting from a temperature
difference between the system and the surroundings,
๐ŸšซWork (W) is a transfer of energy that can be used to change the
height of a weight somewhere in the surroundings,
______________________________
surroundings:ู…ุญูŠุท
boundaries ุญุฏูˆุฏ
Converse energy: ุญูุธ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
Studyยฎ
๐Ÿ†Žุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ โญ•๏ธKind energy ( mechanical.chemical.electric ๐Ÿ…ฑ_open system ( exchange energy and matter Close system (exchange energy but not exchange material Isolated system (no exchange energy and matter ๐Ÿ†Ž_conserving energy (can be transformedโ€ฆ
๐Ÿ‰ุงู„ู…ู„ู ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ูŠุบู†ูŠูƒู… ุนู† ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ูƒู„ุดูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู…ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ูƒู„ุดูŠ

๐Ÿ›‘++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูˆู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฒู… ู‡ูŠุฌ ุญูุธูŠุงุช ูˆุญุฏ+ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ุญุจูŠุชูˆุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
๐Ÿ›‘ุทู„ุงุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฉ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุงู„ูŠ ุดุงู ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุงู„ููˆูƒ ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุญู„ู‡ุฉ

โ—๏ธโ—๏ธุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ู…ุงุฎุฐูŠู‡ุง
ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ุตุงุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ ุนุฏูƒู…ุŸุŸ๐ŸŒš
๐Ÿ…พู„ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 ูƒู„ุดูŠ ูƒู…ู„ ุนุฏูƒู… (ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†+ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช+ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„+ู…ุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฒู…ู‡+ุญูุธูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุฒู…ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง)

๐Ÿ›‘ุงูŠ ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏุฉ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช++ุงุงุฐุง ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ูˆู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุฑุญู‡ุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ
ุจุณ ุจูˆุฑู‚ ุงู‚ู„
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูƒู„ ูˆุฑู‚ู‡ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
ุตุงุฑุช ูฃ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏุงุช ุจูˆุฑู‚ู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡
ู‡ู… ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿป๐Ÿงก๐ŸŒš
๐Ÿ‘1
ุทู„ุงุจ ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูƒู… ุจุดุงุฑู‡ ูุฏุดูŠ ๐Ÿงก๐ŸŒš
ุชูˆู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌูŠุช ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ูŠู† ู…ุตุทูู‰ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ู‚ูŠุณ
ุนู„ู…ูˆุฏ ุงู†ูˆ ุงุณุฆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ู„ุง
ูุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒุงูŠู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡
ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ุดุฑุญู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุธุฑู‡
๐Ÿงก๐Ÿงก๐Ÿงก๐ŸŒš
Forwarded from I.U.C-Pharmacists 5th Stage โš•๏ธ๐Ÿ› (MUSTAFA ASAAD ๐Ÿ’œ)
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู… ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ’œ

ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ๐Ÿ–ค
ุชุจู„ูŠุบ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู„ุง ุชู‚ุฑูˆู† ุงูŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
ุงุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฒู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒูู„ูŠ ๐Ÿ’œ
ูˆุฑูƒุฒูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐ŸคŽ

ูŠูˆูู‚ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุจุงูŠุจ ๐Ÿ–ค
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ุชูˆุถูŠุญุงุช ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 3 ููŠุฒูŠุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠ
โ›”๏ธุญูุธูŠุงุช ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 3
๐Ÿ›‘Gibs phase rule
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๐Ÿ…ฐPhase is a homogenous physically distinct portion of a system that can be separated from other portions by a bounding surface.
๐Ÿ…ฑThe number of degrees of freedom is the least number of intensive variables that must be known to describe the system completely
๐Ÿ…ฐIntensive variables are variables that donโ€™t depend on quantity of the system, ex: pressure, temperature, concentration and density.
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โ›”๏ธOne phase system
Condensed systems: are systems in which only liquid and/or solid phases are considered and the vapor phase is ignored and the pressure become a fixed variable.
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๐Ÿ…พTwo phases system contains two liquid
Upper consolute temperature: is the
imaximum temperature at which the two phase region exists, above this temperature the two liquids are completely miscible and result in formation of one liquid phase system.
________________________
Two components contains liquid and solid
๐Ÿ…ฐ The eutectic point: is the lowest
temperature at which a liquid phase can exit
๐Ÿ…ฑ Note: The solid phase consist of pure crystalline components exist together with the liquid (two phases).
๐Ÿ†ŽNote:The two components A and B are found together as:
๏‚— Completely miscible in liquid state (one phase).
๏‚— Completely immiscible in solid state (two phases)
_________________________
Three components system
๐Ÿ…ฐ๏ƒ˜ In condensed system with
fixed pressure and temperature,
then, F = 3 - 1= 2
๐Ÿ…ฑ๏ƒ˜ In non-condensed system, three component systems containing
one phase, F = 3 - 1 + 2 = 4
๐Ÿ†Žfour degrees of freedom are pressure, temperature, and the
concentrations of only two components of the three
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Thermal analysis
๐Ÿ…ฐthermal analysis is used to characterize the alterations in substances properties when subjected to heating or cooling process.
๐Ÿ…ฑThe most common methods of thermal analysis are:
๏‚— Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
๏‚— Differential thermal analysis (DTA)
๏‚— Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
๏‚— Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA)
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#ูˆุณู„ุงู…ุชูƒู…๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
ุงูŠ ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏุฉ ุณูˆุงู„ ุนู„ ุฃูŠ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ ูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช
๐Ÿ‘1
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ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 1 ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
++ุงุฐุง ุชุฑุฏูˆู† ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุญูุธูŠุงุช ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 1
#ph_suhaib
๐Ÿ›‘ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4 https://t.me/studyphar/1704
_______________________
https://t.me/studyphar/1705 ุญูุธูŠุงุช ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 4
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https://t.me/studyphar/1722 ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 3
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https://t.me/studyphar/1723 ุญูุธูŠุงุช ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 3
____________
https://t.me/studyphar/1725 ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒุฌุฑ 1
๐Ÿ›‘ุทู„ุงุจ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงุณุจุงุช ุจุงุฌุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ูŠุณู…ุญูˆู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ
๐Ÿ›‘ู„ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ู„ู†ู‡ ููŠุฒูŠุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆุญูุธูŠุงุช ++ ูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
โญ•๏ธุฑุฆูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช ูˆูƒูˆุฒุงุช

ุฑุงุญ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงุณุชุฑุงุญู‡ ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูุณู„ุฌู‡ ุฃู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐ŸŒš
ุดู†ูˆ ุฑุงูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ..
ุจู†ุณุจู‡ ุฌุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑู‡
ูˆุงุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฌุงู†ุช C ๐Ÿงก๐ŸŒš
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