Urinary fistulae
9. Which of the following statements is not true?
A Most urinary fistulae are vesicovaginal.
B A combined ureterovaginal fistula might be present in 10% of patients.
C Examination under anaesthesia (EUA), intravenous urogram (IVU) and cystoscopy are necessary to evaluate them.
D When there are multiple tracts, the causes might be radiation, malignancy, or sepsis.
E Conservative management by catheter drainage of the bladder is usually successful in a post-hysterectomy fistula.
9. Which of the following statements is not true?
A Most urinary fistulae are vesicovaginal.
B A combined ureterovaginal fistula might be present in 10% of patients.
C Examination under anaesthesia (EUA), intravenous urogram (IVU) and cystoscopy are necessary to evaluate them.
D When there are multiple tracts, the causes might be radiation, malignancy, or sepsis.
E Conservative management by catheter drainage of the bladder is usually successful in a post-hysterectomy fistula.
Lower urinary tract infection (UTI) and cystitis
10. Which of the following statements are true?except
A The condition is more common in women.
B In recurrent infections, haematuria and rigors, cystoscopy and imaging are essential.
C Sterile pyuria is a sinister finding.
D In tuberculous cystitis, the route of
infection is usually haematogenous or
lymphogenous
E Carcinoma in situ might present as recurrent abacterial cystitis.
10. Which of the following statements are true?except
A The condition is more common in women.
B In recurrent infections, haematuria and rigors, cystoscopy and imaging are essential.
C Sterile pyuria is a sinister finding.
D In tuberculous cystitis, the route of
infection is usually haematogenous or
lymphogenous
E Carcinoma in situ might present as recurrent abacterial cystitis.
Carcinoma of the bladder
11. Which of the following statements are true? Except
A More than 90% of primary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas.
B Painful haematuria is the most significant symptom.
C In newly diagnosed patients, 70% do not invade muscle.
D In a quarter of new patients, the muscle is invaded.
E Depth of invasion (T) in TNM classification and grade (WHO classification I, II, III) are important factors in planning treatment.
11. Which of the following statements are true? Except
A More than 90% of primary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas.
B Painful haematuria is the most significant symptom.
C In newly diagnosed patients, 70% do not invade muscle.
D In a quarter of new patients, the muscle is invaded.
E Depth of invasion (T) in TNM classification and grade (WHO classification I, II, III) are important factors in planning treatment.
Carcinoma of bladder
Which of the following investigation are routinely carried out? Except
A Urine cytology
B IVU and US
C Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and MRI
D Bone scan
E Cystourethroscopy and bimanual examination
Which of the following investigation are routinely carried out? Except
A Urine cytology
B IVU and US
C Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and MRI
D Bone scan
E Cystourethroscopy and bimanual examination
13. In the treatment of bladder cancers, which of the following statements are true?except
A Non-muscle invasive (superficial) tumours are treated by endoscopic resection and a single dose of mitomycin instillation.
B Grade 3 superficial disease is best managed by BCG immunotherapy.
C External beam radiotherapy should be the first-line treatment in muscleinvasive disease.
D When the cancer has invaded muscle (pT2 and pT3) radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice.
E Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival in muscle-invasive tumours.
A Non-muscle invasive (superficial) tumours are treated by endoscopic resection and a single dose of mitomycin instillation.
B Grade 3 superficial disease is best managed by BCG immunotherapy.
C External beam radiotherapy should be the first-line treatment in muscleinvasive disease.
D When the cancer has invaded muscle (pT2 and pT3) radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice.
E Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival in muscle-invasive tumours.
1. The following statements are true except:
A The prostate is anatomically divided into a peripheral zone, a central zone and a transitional zone.
B The glands of the peripheral zone are lined by transitional epithelium.
C Benign prostatic hypertrophy occurs in the transitional zone.
D Most carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone.
E Denonvilliers’ fascia separates the prostate from the rectum.
A The prostate is anatomically divided into a peripheral zone, a central zone and a transitional zone.
B The glands of the peripheral zone are lined by transitional epithelium.
C Benign prostatic hypertrophy occurs in the transitional zone.
D Most carcinomas arise in the peripheral zone.
E Denonvilliers’ fascia separates the prostate from the rectum.
Which of the following statements are true?except
A Luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary controls the secretion of testosterone.
B Leydig cells from the testes secrete 90% of the testosterone.
C The enzyme 5α-reductase type II is found in high concentration in the prostate.
D 5α-reductase converts testosterone into 1.5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
E Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is both specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
A Luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary controls the secretion of testosterone.
B Leydig cells from the testes secrete 90% of the testosterone.
C The enzyme 5α-reductase type II is found in high concentration in the prostate.
D 5α-reductase converts testosterone into 1.5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
E Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is both specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Study room 808
Which of the following statements are true?except A Luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary controls the secretion of testosterone. B Leydig cells from the testes secrete 90% of the testosterone. C The enzyme 5α-reductase type II is found in…
بروستات حيبين اكو خلل ميبين هو كانسر لو hyperplasia لو enlargement
4. In urodynamic studies, which of the following statements are true?except
A A voided volume >200 mL with a peak flow rate >15 mL/s is normal.
B A voiding pressure of <60 cm H2 O is normal.
C Increase in voiding pressures with a low flow rate is diagnostic of BOO.
D In patients with a residual volume of 250 mL or more, bilateral hydronephrosis will result.
E Urodynamically proven BOO only occurs from BPH.
A A voided volume >200 mL with a peak flow rate >15 mL/s is normal.
B A voiding pressure of <60 cm H2 O is normal.
C Increase in voiding pressures with a low flow rate is diagnostic of BOO.
D In patients with a residual volume of 250 mL or more, bilateral hydronephrosis will result.
E Urodynamically proven BOO only occurs from BPH.