4. In acute retention the following statements are true except:
A Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause in the male.
B Retroverted gravid uterus is a cause in the female.
C Non-urological conditions might cause acute retention.
D Suprapubic puncture should be done if urethral catheterisation fails.
E Once urine drains on passing the catheter, the balloon should be immediately inflated.
A Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause in the male.
B Retroverted gravid uterus is a cause in the female.
C Non-urological conditions might cause acute retention.
D Suprapubic puncture should be done if urethral catheterisation fails.
E Once urine drains on passing the catheter, the balloon should be immediately inflated.
5. In chronic retention which of the following statements are true?except one
A The patient complains of very severe pain from his distended bladder.
B Diuresis might follow catheterisation.
C Spinal cord injury might result in acute neuropathic bladder.
D Intermittent self-catheterisation is a form of treatment for patients with spinal cord injury.
E Bladder dysfunction can occur after radical rectal excision.
A The patient complains of very severe pain from his distended bladder.
B Diuresis might follow catheterisation.
C Spinal cord injury might result in acute neuropathic bladder.
D Intermittent self-catheterisation is a form of treatment for patients with spinal cord injury.
E Bladder dysfunction can occur after radical rectal excision.
. Which of the following statements is false?
A Urodynamic studies are essential in the investigation of urinary incontinence.
B In men with bladder outflow obstruction, 50% have detrusor instability.
C Genuine stress incontinence (GSI) is from increased true detrusor pressure.
D Vesicourethral fistula might be a cause in the female.
E Intravesical Botox injection has a role in treatment.
A Urodynamic studies are essential in the investigation of urinary incontinence.
B In men with bladder outflow obstruction, 50% have detrusor instability.
C Genuine stress incontinence (GSI) is from increased true detrusor pressure.
D Vesicourethral fistula might be a cause in the female.
E Intravesical Botox injection has a role in treatment.
7. Which of the following statements are true?except
A Men are more often affected than women.
B An oxalate calculus develops in sterile urine.
C A cystine calculus is radio-opaque.
D Treatment is crushing with an optical lithotrite in all cases.
E In men with stones and outflow obstruction from enlarged prostate, both can be dealt with at the same time.
A Men are more often affected than women.
B An oxalate calculus develops in sterile urine.
C A cystine calculus is radio-opaque.
D Treatment is crushing with an optical lithotrite in all cases.
E In men with stones and outflow obstruction from enlarged prostate, both can be dealt with at the same time.
Urinary fistulae
9. Which of the following statements is not true?
A Most urinary fistulae are vesicovaginal.
B A combined ureterovaginal fistula might be present in 10% of patients.
C Examination under anaesthesia (EUA), intravenous urogram (IVU) and cystoscopy are necessary to evaluate them.
D When there are multiple tracts, the causes might be radiation, malignancy, or sepsis.
E Conservative management by catheter drainage of the bladder is usually successful in a post-hysterectomy fistula.
9. Which of the following statements is not true?
A Most urinary fistulae are vesicovaginal.
B A combined ureterovaginal fistula might be present in 10% of patients.
C Examination under anaesthesia (EUA), intravenous urogram (IVU) and cystoscopy are necessary to evaluate them.
D When there are multiple tracts, the causes might be radiation, malignancy, or sepsis.
E Conservative management by catheter drainage of the bladder is usually successful in a post-hysterectomy fistula.
Lower urinary tract infection (UTI) and cystitis
10. Which of the following statements are true?except
A The condition is more common in women.
B In recurrent infections, haematuria and rigors, cystoscopy and imaging are essential.
C Sterile pyuria is a sinister finding.
D In tuberculous cystitis, the route of
infection is usually haematogenous or
lymphogenous
E Carcinoma in situ might present as recurrent abacterial cystitis.
10. Which of the following statements are true?except
A The condition is more common in women.
B In recurrent infections, haematuria and rigors, cystoscopy and imaging are essential.
C Sterile pyuria is a sinister finding.
D In tuberculous cystitis, the route of
infection is usually haematogenous or
lymphogenous
E Carcinoma in situ might present as recurrent abacterial cystitis.
Carcinoma of the bladder
11. Which of the following statements are true? Except
A More than 90% of primary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas.
B Painful haematuria is the most significant symptom.
C In newly diagnosed patients, 70% do not invade muscle.
D In a quarter of new patients, the muscle is invaded.
E Depth of invasion (T) in TNM classification and grade (WHO classification I, II, III) are important factors in planning treatment.
11. Which of the following statements are true? Except
A More than 90% of primary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas.
B Painful haematuria is the most significant symptom.
C In newly diagnosed patients, 70% do not invade muscle.
D In a quarter of new patients, the muscle is invaded.
E Depth of invasion (T) in TNM classification and grade (WHO classification I, II, III) are important factors in planning treatment.
Carcinoma of bladder
Which of the following investigation are routinely carried out? Except
A Urine cytology
B IVU and US
C Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and MRI
D Bone scan
E Cystourethroscopy and bimanual examination
Which of the following investigation are routinely carried out? Except
A Urine cytology
B IVU and US
C Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and MRI
D Bone scan
E Cystourethroscopy and bimanual examination