6. Which of the following statements are false?
A The common bacteria found as a nidus for urinary stones are staphylococci, streptococci and Proteus.
B Hyperparathyroidism is found in 5% or less of those presenting with radioopaque calculi.
C If a parathyroid adenoma is found to be the cause of renal calculi, it should be removed before treatment of the calculus.
D Pure uric acid stones are radio-opaque. E A staghorn calculus is composed of calcium-ammonium-magnesium phosphate.
A The common bacteria found as a nidus for urinary stones are staphylococci, streptococci and Proteus.
B Hyperparathyroidism is found in 5% or less of those presenting with radioopaque calculi.
C If a parathyroid adenoma is found to be the cause of renal calculi, it should be removed before treatment of the calculus.
D Pure uric acid stones are radio-opaque. E A staghorn calculus is composed of calcium-ammonium-magnesium phosphate.
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Which of the following is not true about imaging techniques are used for urinary calculus disease?
A Plain kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) x-ray
B Spiral CT scan
C IVU
D Ultrasound (US)
E Retrograde pyelography
A Plain kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) x-ray
B Spiral CT scan
C IVU
D Ultrasound (US)
E Retrograde pyelography
4. Which of the following statements are not true about hypernephroma?
A In 25% of patients there are no local symptoms.
B A left-sided varicocele might be a presenting feature in a male.
C Haematuria and clot colic are the most common presentations.
D IVU, US and CECT are the imaging methods of choice.
E Following nephrectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be given.
A In 25% of patients there are no local symptoms.
B A left-sided varicocele might be a presenting feature in a male.
C Haematuria and clot colic are the most common presentations.
D IVU, US and CECT are the imaging methods of choice.
E Following nephrectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be given.
The following statements are true except:
A Pubovesical ligaments anchor the bladder neck to the pubis.
B The bladder is supplied to a minor extent by the obturator and inferior gluteal arteries.
C The principal lymphatic drainage is to the external iliac nodes.
D Parasympathetic fibres provide the main motor innervation.
E The sympathetic input is from L1 to L4 segments.
A Pubovesical ligaments anchor the bladder neck to the pubis.
B The bladder is supplied to a minor extent by the obturator and inferior gluteal arteries.
C The principal lymphatic drainage is to the external iliac nodes.
D Parasympathetic fibres provide the main motor innervation.
E The sympathetic input is from L1 to L4 segments.
Which of the following statements are true except?
A Extraperitoneal rupture is more common than intraperitoneal rupture.
B Extraperitoneal rupture mimics rupture of membranous urethra.
C CT scan is the investigation of choice.
D Retrograde cystography is useful in making a diagnosis.
E Laparotomy is required in all cases of bladder rupture.
A Extraperitoneal rupture is more common than intraperitoneal rupture.
B Extraperitoneal rupture mimics rupture of membranous urethra.
C CT scan is the investigation of choice.
D Retrograde cystography is useful in making a diagnosis.
E Laparotomy is required in all cases of bladder rupture.
4. In acute retention the following statements are true except:
A Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause in the male.
B Retroverted gravid uterus is a cause in the female.
C Non-urological conditions might cause acute retention.
D Suprapubic puncture should be done if urethral catheterisation fails.
E Once urine drains on passing the catheter, the balloon should be immediately inflated.
A Bladder outlet obstruction is the most common cause in the male.
B Retroverted gravid uterus is a cause in the female.
C Non-urological conditions might cause acute retention.
D Suprapubic puncture should be done if urethral catheterisation fails.
E Once urine drains on passing the catheter, the balloon should be immediately inflated.