Time to Study 🌿
Photo
ركز اهنآ غلطانين
الاختيار الأول هو صح
الاختيار الأول هو صح
Forwarded from Time to Study 🌿
Allergic rhinitis
This allergic conjunctivitis occurs in about 60% of those with AR and is the symptom that most reliably differentiates AR from other types of rhinitis.
Topical steroid sprays and drops are now considered to be the cornerstone in the treatment of rhinitis.
↪️Crusting and bleeding are the main side effects.
↪️ safe to use long term in most patients.
↪️Examples include fluticasone, mometasone sprays.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists appear to have an additive effect to intranasal corticosteroids in controlling seasonal AR, particularly in patients with asthma.
Surgical treatment in form of inferior turbinate sub-mucosal diathermy and more recently inferior turbinate laser turbinoplasty.
⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️
Non-Allergic Rhinitis
Causes
*Psychological and emotional
*Endocrine (puberty, menstruation and pregnancy).
*Drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, β-blockers,methyldopa, aspirin and oral contraceptives).
*Climate changes in humidity and temperature.
*Alcohol induced
*Smoking ( tobacco nasal mucosal inflammation)
Anterior and posterior rhinorrhea:(excessive post nasal drip)
complain of marked blockage when lying flat trying to sleep.
diagnosis of exclusion, If a systemic inflammatory process is suspected, an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and ACE assay may be indicated.
short course of oral steroids + local + Topical ipratropium bromid
Systemic sympathomimetics can be helpful (e.g. pseudoephedrine), though they may produce unpleasant side effects such as dry mouth, constipation and excitability. They should not be used long term or in children.
Surgical treatment by Vidian neurectomy This operation was proposed for the relief of watery rhinorrhea.
Nasal Polyps:
اما يجي ما بي اعراض او عنده اعراض مثلا ما يشتم يحجي من خشمه يحس اكو ضغط باعله خشمه ورشح من الانترير والبوستيرر و راسه يوجعه الفتحات مال خشمه كلش واضحات ويجي المسافه بين العينين كلش جبيره والتهاب الجيوب اثانوي
CT scan is needed prior to Endoscopic sinus surgery
Investigations to rule out AR
Treatment:
Saline irrigation will help to thin and wash away the inspissated mucous that patients produce, allowing nasal steroids to then coat nasal polyps more reliably.
Steroid drops, an increased dose of nasal steroid spray or a short courseof oral steroids is necessary,
A long (at least 12 weeks) course of doxycycline may reduce polyp size and sensation of blockage as well as reducing post nasal
drip.
surgical treatment: endoscopic polypectomy under either local or general anaesthetic. A more radical clearance by means of an endoscopic fronto-ethmoidectomy leads to better longer-term disease control.
post-operative Long-term saline nasal douching is recommended. Intranasal steroids reduce recurrence in the first year and may make a difference to the recurrence rate long term .
This allergic conjunctivitis occurs in about 60% of those with AR and is the symptom that most reliably differentiates AR from other types of rhinitis.
Topical steroid sprays and drops are now considered to be the cornerstone in the treatment of rhinitis.
↪️Crusting and bleeding are the main side effects.
↪️ safe to use long term in most patients.
↪️Examples include fluticasone, mometasone sprays.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists appear to have an additive effect to intranasal corticosteroids in controlling seasonal AR, particularly in patients with asthma.
Surgical treatment in form of inferior turbinate sub-mucosal diathermy and more recently inferior turbinate laser turbinoplasty.
⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️⏏️
Non-Allergic Rhinitis
Causes
*Psychological and emotional
*Endocrine (puberty, menstruation and pregnancy).
*Drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, β-blockers,methyldopa, aspirin and oral contraceptives).
*Climate changes in humidity and temperature.
*Alcohol induced
*Smoking ( tobacco nasal mucosal inflammation)
Anterior and posterior rhinorrhea:(excessive post nasal drip)
complain of marked blockage when lying flat trying to sleep.
diagnosis of exclusion, If a systemic inflammatory process is suspected, an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and ACE assay may be indicated.
short course of oral steroids + local + Topical ipratropium bromid
Systemic sympathomimetics can be helpful (e.g. pseudoephedrine), though they may produce unpleasant side effects such as dry mouth, constipation and excitability. They should not be used long term or in children.
Surgical treatment by Vidian neurectomy This operation was proposed for the relief of watery rhinorrhea.
Nasal Polyps:
اما يجي ما بي اعراض او عنده اعراض مثلا ما يشتم يحجي من خشمه يحس اكو ضغط باعله خشمه ورشح من الانترير والبوستيرر و راسه يوجعه الفتحات مال خشمه كلش واضحات ويجي المسافه بين العينين كلش جبيره والتهاب الجيوب اثانوي
CT scan is needed prior to Endoscopic sinus surgery
Investigations to rule out AR
Treatment:
Saline irrigation will help to thin and wash away the inspissated mucous that patients produce, allowing nasal steroids to then coat nasal polyps more reliably.
Steroid drops, an increased dose of nasal steroid spray or a short courseof oral steroids is necessary,
A long (at least 12 weeks) course of doxycycline may reduce polyp size and sensation of blockage as well as reducing post nasal
drip.
surgical treatment: endoscopic polypectomy under either local or general anaesthetic. A more radical clearance by means of an endoscopic fronto-ethmoidectomy leads to better longer-term disease control.
post-operative Long-term saline nasal douching is recommended. Intranasal steroids reduce recurrence in the first year and may make a difference to the recurrence rate long term .
Forwarded from Time to Study 🌿
Hot potato voice in large lesions.ونشوف
Time to Study 🌿
Hot potato voice in large lesions.ونشوف
In Supraglottic cancer
ولو مداكدر انام بس لحظة ادراك اخر مرة حنمتحن بهيج وقت تقريبا طول عمرنا🥳
🆒3
Study room 808
Photo
اوه طاوة الستيل ستوي بيها اكل. حتى تشبع بيها بطنك
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM