Disqualification is prescribed in 3 situations:

1. 10th Schedule for Defection
2. Article 102(1) for MPs & 191(1) for MLAs
3. Representation of The People Act (RPA) 1951

1. 10th Schedule
🔻Added by 52nd Amendment Act [not defection if 1/3 leave]
🔻Amended in 91st Amendment [not defection if 2/3 leave]
🔻Speaker/Chair of house decides on the defection
🔻Above decision u/ Judicial review of SC

2. Article 102(1) and 191(1)
4 grounds as follows:
🔻 Insolvent
🔻 Unsound mind
🔻 Invalid Citizenship
🔻 Holding office of profit

3. RPA 1951 📄
Four sections: 8,9,10,11

Disqualified🚫 u/ Section for:
🔻 11: Corrupt practices
🔻 10: Not lodging accounts of election expenses
🔻 9: Corruption/disloyalty or entering govt contracts
🔻 8: Conviction of offences

Details of Section 8:
1. 8(1): Promoting enmity, bribery, undue influence at an election
(Azam Khan disqualified u/ this section)

2. 8(2): Hoarding or profiteering, adulteration of food or drugs or Dowry Prohibition offences

3. 8(3): One convicted for >2 years?i disqualified from date of conviction and will remain disqualified for 6 years since release

4. 8(4): Disqualification in effect only after 3 months from date of conviction (Struck down by SC in Lily Thomas case 2013)

Timeline of important Environment agreements 🌿

#prelims
#environment

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