THOUGHT OF THE DAY

🍃🍂You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.🍂🍃
– C. S. Lewis.

SET A GOAL AGAIN SET A NEW LIMIT AGAIN

Women representation in parliament is only 10.5% of the total number of members.
Total average of women in legislative assemblies is only 9%.

Reported by: ECI

THOUGHT OF THE DAY 🌿

Peer competition is to obtain a limited resource while real competition has no limitation on achievements.
Competition is within; not in peers
-a global citizen once said😅

BEAT YOUR LAST PERFORMANCE

THOUGHT OF THE DAY 🔥

Injuries obviously change the way you Approach the Game 🔀
Don't get disheartened if you get hurt.

JUST NEVER LET YOURSELF DOWN

Panchayats

-- 73rd amendment act, 1992
-- Article 40(DPSP)
-- First state to establish Panchayati Raj -- Nagaur, Rajasthan (by PM Jawaharlal Nehru on October 2, 1959)
-- Lord Ripon --- father of local self government

Committees:
1) 1957 -- Balwant Rai Mehta -- 3 tiers, planning&development @ district, DC= chairman of Zila Parishad
2) 1977 -- Ashok Mehta -- 2 tier, district - first point of decentralisation, regular social audit, compulsory power of taxation, SC ST reservation, nyaya panchyat, constitutional Recognition, planning&development @ district
3) 1978 -- Dantewala committee -- on block level planning
4) 1984 -- Hanumanthrao comittee -- on district planning
5) 1985 -- G V K Rao committee -- to examine pgm of rural developments and povert alleviation, zila parishad = pivotal importance, post of district development commissioner --- ceo of zila parishad
6) 1986 -- L M Singhavi -- 3 tier, district development commissioner --- ceo of zila parishad, constitutional Recognition
7) 1988 -- Thungon committee on district planning -- 3 tier, Zila parishad -- planning and development, fixed tenure of 5 years, women reservation, DC -- CEO of zila parishad
8) 1988 -- Gadgil committee on Policy and programs -- 3 tier, executive body -- panchayat committee, constitutional Recognition, fixed 5 year term


Constitutional Provisions:
Schedule 11 -- 29 functions, Part IX, Article 243 - 243O

-- state with less than 20 lakh population may not constitute panchayat at intermediate level

243A -- Gram Sabha
243K -- State election Commission
243I -- Finance Commission

-- 21 years minimum age
-- Panchayat Extension to scheduled areas (PESA) Act, 1996 -- for 5th Schedule areas

Panchayati Raj day -- 24th April

15th FC Grants to Local Bodies -- 4.3%

14th FC Grants to Local Bodies -- 3%

#Polity
#revision_notes

Poverty Estimation:
Pre-independence:
1) Poverty and Un-British Rule in India by Dadabhai Naoroji (1901) suggested poverty line of Rs. 16 - 35 per capita per year
2) National Planning Committee: 1938, Prez- J. Nehru suggested poverty line of Rs. 15 to 20 per capita per month
3) Bombay Plan: 1944 suggested poverty line of Rs. 75 per capita per year

Post-independence:
1) Dandekar and N Rath committee(1971)
2) Alagh committee(1979)
3) Lakdawala committee(1993)
4) Tendulkar committee(2009) ==> 816 Rs and 1000 Rs per capita per month for rural and urban respectively
5) Rangrajan Committee(2014) ==> 972 Rs and 1407 Rs per capita per month for rural and urban respectively at 2011-12 prices .i.e, Rs 47 for urban and Rs 32 for rural daily per capita expenditure

-- Global Multidimensional Poverty Index by UNDP and Oxford povery

#revision_notes #Poverty