مهم

Methods of Translation


1) Word-for-word Translation and Literal Translation:

2) Adaptation Translation and Free Translation
A- Adaptation translation:

Semantic Translation and Communicative Translation:

Pragmatic Translation:

Translation Procedures
انواعه

1. Transference:

2. Borrowing:

3. Calque:

4. Naturalization:

5. Cultural equivalent:

6. Functional equivalent:

7. Shift or Transportation:

هاي اهم الاسئله بعد النصوص

من ترجم النص. بلعربي او الانگليزي.

ترجمه عله شكل نص اول شي

وبعدين.ترجم. وطلع الكلمات الي تعرفها. حته ينطيك درجه

لان من راح ترجم النص. اكو كلمات
ماتعرفها. سوي هاي الطريقه

The equivalence in Translation

مهم كلش تعاريفهن ومثال نفسيته
1-Formal equivalence:

2) Functional equivalence:

3) Ideational equivalence:

المثال

Sami turned a deaf ear to his mother's advice.

SL - Source language
TL - Target language
SC - Source culture
TC - Target culture
ST - Source text
TT - Target text


احفظ هذه المثال يرهم عليهن كلهن

 It gave me all sorts of experiences.

اراني نجوم الضهر

كل التوفيق اخوانه. الاسئله سهله
ان شاء الله واكو مساعده بس ركز وترجم

هاي سوال اجاكم منهن

وهاي هم سوال

وهذه ترجمه. هم سوال

وهاي هم سوال.

بعد شويه نزللكم مرشحات علم اللغة
اقراهن وروح يجن مثل اليوم

الاشياء المهمه علم اللغه باجر ان شاء الله تجي ركزو عليهن كلش


سوال مهم فراغات او تعداد وكل وحده بيمن تختص 

Language is the best mean of communication

خصاىص لغة الانسان و تواصل الحيوانات


1.Arbitrariness : الاعتباطيه

2.the need for learning الحاجه الئ التعلم

3.Duality الازدواجيه

4.Displacement: الاحلال

5.creativity الابداع

6.Patterning النمطيه

مهم كلمه maximمن تشوفها يععني هذه جوابها

Q/
The cooperative principle
Maxims of Grice

1 .Maxim of quantity

2. Maxim of quality Be truthful.

3. Maxim of relevance ;Be relevant

4. Maxim of manner: Be clear and orderly.

B.What is accent and Dialect? Explain with examples
الجواب
Accent _ is restricted to the description of aspects of pronunciation that identify where an individual 
speaker is from regionally or sociall it is different from the term dialect.
Dialect _ which is used to describe features of grammar and vocabulary as well as aspects of 
pronunciation
Examples
Accent _ you don't know what you're talking about.
Dialect _ ye dinnae ken whit yer haverin aboot

مهم من نشوف بسوال هاي الكلمهstylistics هذه جوابهن واحفظهن

Q/
Branches of stylistics

1.lexical stylistics

2.grammatical stylistics:

3.phonostylistics:

4.functional stylistics:

مهم
Q/Why is language like a game?

Because it is governed by rules just like games, and it deals with types of question.

1. The aims of the game

2. Principles of interaction

3. Permitted moves;

مهم يجن فراغات افهموهن

Q/Scopes of linguistics


Phonetics: the study of human speech sounds.
Morphology: it study the structure or forms of words
Syntax: refers to both the arrangement and the form of words.
Semantics: is placed outside syntax
Phonology: sound patterning is surrounded by syntax
Pragmatics: it is the study of invisible meaning.
Psycholinguistics: the study of language and mind
Sociolinguistics: the study of language and society
Applied linguistics: the application of linguistics to language teaching
Computational linguistics: the use of computers to simulate language and it is working
Stylistics: the study of language and literature
Anthological linguistics: the study of language in cross-caltural settings
Philosophical linguistics: the link between language and logical thoughts