1. Derivational morphemes are affixes (prefixes and suffixes) that are added to a base word to create a new word.

They often change the meaning of the base word and sometimes change its grammatical category (part of speech).


For example:

happy (adjective) → happiness (noun)

act (verb) → action (noun)



2. Not all derivational morphemes change the part of speech.
Some derivational affixes modify the meaning of the word but leave the part of speech unchanged.

For example:

kind (adjective) → unkind (adjective)

do (verb) → redo (verb)




Thus, while derivational morphemes can change the part of speech, it does not happen in all cases.

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⛔️⛔️انتباه تم تعديل جواب هذا السؤال

Some allomorphs are phonologically conditioned and others are morphologically
conditioned. BRIEFLY, discuss them with examples for each case ?

Answer:

Some allomorphs are phonologically conditioned and occur depending on the sounds preceding them , always with regular words

For example, in verbs:

1. Wanted ends with the /Id/ sound because it follows a voiceless consonant.



In nouns:

Dogs ends with /z/ because it follows a voiced sound.

Cats ends with /s/ because it follows a voiceless sound.


Morphologically conditioned allomorphs appear in irregular nouns and verbs.

Examples in nouns:

Ox → Oxen

Woman → Women

Man → Men


Examples in verbs:

Speak → Spoke → Spoken