#ppdt
Attempt this ppdt image as per the guidelines of SSB interview.
30 seconds - to perceive the image
1 minute - to write action and characteristics
4 minutes - to write the story
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Attempt this ppdt image as per the guidelines of SSB interview.
30 seconds - to perceive the image
1 minute - to write action and characteristics
4 minutes - to write the story
Be honest with your SSB preparationFor more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview
Kochi-Mangaluru Natural Gas Pipeline
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Kochi-Mangaluru Natural Gas Pipeline
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Editorial_Analysis
Care is the standard of Vaccine Trial
◆A legal notice was sent last year, by a study participant to Serum Institute of India as he experienced neurological impairment after taking COVID-19 vaccine produced by the company in partnership with AstraZeneca.
◆The company, in turn, threatened to counter-sue the study participant more than ₹100 crores, calling the allegations “malicious and misconceived”.
◆The recent results of successful trials ought to be coupled with transparency in information and communication for vaccine production to translate into vaccination.
◆The legal counterclaim and lack of transparency by Serum Institute coupled with silence from AstraZeneca portray that some facts are suppressed.
What Clinical Trials do?
●Clinical trials use various scientific methodologies to test novel drugs and vaccines on human participants and ascertain whether such drugs are safe and effective against a particular disease.
●More than being a scientific methodology, trials is a method of human cooperation resting on Human trust, Integrity, Ethical and moral norms, care, respect, consent of, and fair compensation to the participants.
●Humans are the heart of the trials than Trial investigators or sponsors because the results of a study in one part of the world can be reasonably applied to other countries.
●It is because of clinical trial now we know that hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma do not reduce mortality due to COVID-19, instead, steroids save the lives of COVID-19 patients.
●The recent coercive attempt to falsify a study participant’s claims and intimidate him violates the agreed-upon rules of clinical trials, jeopardising the whole process, and raising a question mark on the validity of the particular trial.
●In order to protect human participants from harm in clinical trials, multiple checks and balances are put in places like the formation of a data and safety monitoring board, institutional ethics committees, and regulatory bodies for clinical trials namely Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India.
●However, the failure of a regulatory body to protect the rights of HPV vaccine study participants in 2007, leading to the death of 7 girls raises a question on the efficiency of such bodies.
Maintaining silence
●Multiple stakeholders like serum Institute having a financial interest in the vaccine, regulatory bodies failing to perform their duty of ensuring the safety of clinical trials, International stakeholder Astra Zeneca- the original developer of the vaccine, the Bill, and Melinda Gates Foundation leading advocates for all major vaccines, Gavi Vaccine Alliance and World Health Organization have remained silent on the recent study participant claim of neurological disorder.
The science of vaccines
◆Due to vaccine, we were able to eradicate smallpox and are close to eradicating polio.
◆Millions of lives are saved by the simple act of timely vaccination.
◆However, the drop-in vaccination rate due to hesitancy has led to diseases like Measles and whooping cough coming back.
◆The claims, counterclaims and lack of transparency around Covishield threaten human faith in lifesaving, simple, cost-effective vaccine. The reputation or fiscal health of one of the largest suppliers of vaccine across the globe is not worth a setback to the idea of immunization.
Conclusion
●The very act of developing and testing a vaccine in less than a year for COVID-19 viral pathogen, is revolutionary changing the way we look at vaccine science, timelines, and policies. As responsible healthcare providers, we all are in need of a vaccine, to end this pandemic and return to a normal life but not at the cost of the safety of study participants.
●Vaccine development should be rooted in integrity, transparency, respect for study participants, and agreed-upon ethical standards.
●The regulatory bodies, ethics committees and international stakeholders should not overlook this as a singular event is as this may set us back in our fight against COVID-19.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Care is the standard of Vaccine Trial
◆A legal notice was sent last year, by a study participant to Serum Institute of India as he experienced neurological impairment after taking COVID-19 vaccine produced by the company in partnership with AstraZeneca.
◆The company, in turn, threatened to counter-sue the study participant more than ₹100 crores, calling the allegations “malicious and misconceived”.
◆The recent results of successful trials ought to be coupled with transparency in information and communication for vaccine production to translate into vaccination.
◆The legal counterclaim and lack of transparency by Serum Institute coupled with silence from AstraZeneca portray that some facts are suppressed.
What Clinical Trials do?
●Clinical trials use various scientific methodologies to test novel drugs and vaccines on human participants and ascertain whether such drugs are safe and effective against a particular disease.
●More than being a scientific methodology, trials is a method of human cooperation resting on Human trust, Integrity, Ethical and moral norms, care, respect, consent of, and fair compensation to the participants.
●Humans are the heart of the trials than Trial investigators or sponsors because the results of a study in one part of the world can be reasonably applied to other countries.
●It is because of clinical trial now we know that hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma do not reduce mortality due to COVID-19, instead, steroids save the lives of COVID-19 patients.
●The recent coercive attempt to falsify a study participant’s claims and intimidate him violates the agreed-upon rules of clinical trials, jeopardising the whole process, and raising a question mark on the validity of the particular trial.
●In order to protect human participants from harm in clinical trials, multiple checks and balances are put in places like the formation of a data and safety monitoring board, institutional ethics committees, and regulatory bodies for clinical trials namely Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India.
●However, the failure of a regulatory body to protect the rights of HPV vaccine study participants in 2007, leading to the death of 7 girls raises a question on the efficiency of such bodies.
Maintaining silence
●Multiple stakeholders like serum Institute having a financial interest in the vaccine, regulatory bodies failing to perform their duty of ensuring the safety of clinical trials, International stakeholder Astra Zeneca- the original developer of the vaccine, the Bill, and Melinda Gates Foundation leading advocates for all major vaccines, Gavi Vaccine Alliance and World Health Organization have remained silent on the recent study participant claim of neurological disorder.
The science of vaccines
◆Due to vaccine, we were able to eradicate smallpox and are close to eradicating polio.
◆Millions of lives are saved by the simple act of timely vaccination.
◆However, the drop-in vaccination rate due to hesitancy has led to diseases like Measles and whooping cough coming back.
◆The claims, counterclaims and lack of transparency around Covishield threaten human faith in lifesaving, simple, cost-effective vaccine. The reputation or fiscal health of one of the largest suppliers of vaccine across the globe is not worth a setback to the idea of immunization.
Conclusion
●The very act of developing and testing a vaccine in less than a year for COVID-19 viral pathogen, is revolutionary changing the way we look at vaccine science, timelines, and policies. As responsible healthcare providers, we all are in need of a vaccine, to end this pandemic and return to a normal life but not at the cost of the safety of study participants.
●Vaccine development should be rooted in integrity, transparency, respect for study participants, and agreed-upon ethical standards.
●The regulatory bodies, ethics committees and international stakeholders should not overlook this as a singular event is as this may set us back in our fight against COVID-19.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#INTERNATIONAL_INTERGOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONS #INTERNATIONAL_CURRENTAFFAIRS
Japan and the Five Eyes Alliance
Context:
●Recently Japan has agreed to work with the 'Five Eyes' alliance to monitor atrocities on Uygar Muslims in China.
What is 'Five Eyes' alliance?
●"Five Eyes-Five Eyes" is an influential intelligence network covering five countries. This includes Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States.
●"Five Eyes" has a deep historical and cultural connection between these five countries. With this, the common English language spoken in these countries also brings these five countries together.
●The background of the origins of the Five Eyes Coalition can be seen in the 'Atlantic Charter' which was issued in August 1941 to meet the common goals of the Allies after the World War. However, this intelligence alliance was formally launched in 1946 after the Second World War.
●The main objective of this alliance is to keep an eye on China, North Korea and Russia and share the intelligence related to it.
●Japan has expressed a desire to be included in this organization. Earlier in December 2019, in the in view of China's increasing aggressionIndo-Pacific region, the US Congress Committee had recommended the inclusion of India, Japan and South Korea in this alliance.
Why does Japan want to join?
◆Japan's defence minister has said that Japan is keen to expand cooperation with the "Five Eyes" intelligence-sharing coalition, including Britain and the USA.
◆Despite Japan not joining the 'Five Eyes' group, he shares intelligence with this group. So Japan says it should be formally included in this group and it should be "Six Eyes" instead of Five Eyes.
◆At the present time, Japan has to urge this group to receive intelligence, which also delays it in getting notifications.
◆The most important factor for Japan to join this group is China's increasing aggression in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The way China has shown aggression in Hong Kong and the Indo-China border in the recent past has increased Japan's worries.
Japan's Meaning of Joining the Five Eyes Alliance:
◆Japan's geographical location and technical superiority strengthen Japan's claim to join the Five Eyes. Japan is geographically close to China, North Korea and Russia. Therefore Japan can play an important role in getting intelligence of these countries.
◆However, it is not easy to join this group because does not Japan to japan have a specialized intelligence agency like the CIA of USA and MI6 of UK. Apart from this, there is no specific rule regarding sharing of Japan intelligence. Japan still shares intelligence with its citizens and businessmen, whom it believes.
◆So Japan needs to make some improvements in this direction to join the Five Eyes group.
◆Once Japan joins this Five Eyes group, then the talk of India joining it will also get a boost.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Japan and the Five Eyes Alliance
Context:
●Recently Japan has agreed to work with the 'Five Eyes' alliance to monitor atrocities on Uygar Muslims in China.
What is 'Five Eyes' alliance?
●"Five Eyes-Five Eyes" is an influential intelligence network covering five countries. This includes Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States.
●"Five Eyes" has a deep historical and cultural connection between these five countries. With this, the common English language spoken in these countries also brings these five countries together.
●The background of the origins of the Five Eyes Coalition can be seen in the 'Atlantic Charter' which was issued in August 1941 to meet the common goals of the Allies after the World War. However, this intelligence alliance was formally launched in 1946 after the Second World War.
●The main objective of this alliance is to keep an eye on China, North Korea and Russia and share the intelligence related to it.
●Japan has expressed a desire to be included in this organization. Earlier in December 2019, in the in view of China's increasing aggressionIndo-Pacific region, the US Congress Committee had recommended the inclusion of India, Japan and South Korea in this alliance.
Why does Japan want to join?
◆Japan's defence minister has said that Japan is keen to expand cooperation with the "Five Eyes" intelligence-sharing coalition, including Britain and the USA.
◆Despite Japan not joining the 'Five Eyes' group, he shares intelligence with this group. So Japan says it should be formally included in this group and it should be "Six Eyes" instead of Five Eyes.
◆At the present time, Japan has to urge this group to receive intelligence, which also delays it in getting notifications.
◆The most important factor for Japan to join this group is China's increasing aggression in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The way China has shown aggression in Hong Kong and the Indo-China border in the recent past has increased Japan's worries.
Japan's Meaning of Joining the Five Eyes Alliance:
◆Japan's geographical location and technical superiority strengthen Japan's claim to join the Five Eyes. Japan is geographically close to China, North Korea and Russia. Therefore Japan can play an important role in getting intelligence of these countries.
◆However, it is not easy to join this group because does not Japan to japan have a specialized intelligence agency like the CIA of USA and MI6 of UK. Apart from this, there is no specific rule regarding sharing of Japan intelligence. Japan still shares intelligence with its citizens and businessmen, whom it believes.
◆So Japan needs to make some improvements in this direction to join the Five Eyes group.
◆Once Japan joins this Five Eyes group, then the talk of India joining it will also get a boost.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Defence_Exams_Notes #Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview
Defence Current Affairs (December,2020 ) for SSB and Upcoming Defence Exams
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Defence Current Affairs (December,2020 ) for SSB and Upcoming Defence Exams
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_Navy #Defence_News
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{1/6}
✔️OPERATIONAL DEPLOYMENTS
1.Operation Sankalp. Amidst the increasing US – Iran tensions in the Gulf region, since June 2019, IN has been undertaking Maritime Security Operation code-named Op SANKALP in the Gulf Region to ensure safe passage of Indian Flag Merchant Vessels (IFMVs) transiting through the Strait of Hormuz. ●Since execution, IN has deployed 16 warships and escorted approximately 161 Lakh Tonnes of cargo onboard 156 IFMVs, thereby provided a sense of reassurance to our seafarers, and protecting Indian owned hulls and the trade embarked on them.
2.UN World Food Programme (UN WFP) Escort Mission. IN has been contributing to UN WFP efforts by providing security to vessels carrying food to East African nations. ●INS Airavat escorted UN WFP chartered ship MV Juist carrying relief food cargo from Berbera to Mogadishu in Somalia from 05-14 June 2020, under challenging sea/ weather conditions. This was the third WFP escort mission undertaken by the IN in last three years.
3.Operation Samudra Setu. IN ships Jalashwa, Shardul, Airavat and Magar were deployed from May – July 2020 for Operation Samudra Setu to undertake repatriation of stranded Indian Nationals in the wake of COVID-19, from Iran, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
●IN ships deployed for Op Samudra Setu evacuated 3992 Indian Nationals including 3551 males, 387 females and 54 children.
4.Mission SAGAR and SAGAR-II. INS Kesari was deployed to the Southern IOR Island nations as part of ‘Mission SAGAR’ for rendering COVID-19 related assistance from May-June2020.During deployment, the ship provided medicine stores &medical kits to Maldives, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoros and Seychelles.
●IN Medical Teams embarked onboard the ships also provided medical assistance to Mauritius and Comoros. As part of the follow up humanitarian outreach mission by India, Mission SAGAR II,INS Airavat was deployed to deliver 270 MT of humanitarian aid stores to Djibouti, Massawa (Eritrea), Port Sudan and Mombasa, Kenya (for South Sudan) from October-November 2020.
✔️EXERCISES WITH FOREIGN NAVIES
5.Naseem-Al-Bahr 2020. IN and Royal Navy of Oman (RNO) bilateral exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr was conducted at/ off Goa from January 07-10 October 2020. RNO ships Al Rasikh and Al Khassab along with IN ships Beas and Subhadra participated in the exercise.
6.INDRA NAVY 2020. IN and Russian Federation Navy (RuFN) bilateral exercise Indra Navy was conducted in Bay of Bengal from 04-05 September 2020. RuFN ships Admiral Tributs, Admiral Vinogrodov, Boris Butoma and IN ships Ranvijay, Kiltan, Shakti participated in the exercise.
7.JIMEX 2020. IN and JMSDF (Japan Maritime Self Defence Force) bilateral exercise JIMEX 2020 was conducted in the Arabian Sea from 26-28 September 2020. JMSDF ships Kaga and Ikazuchi; IN ships Chennai, Tarkash and Deepak, IN aircraft P8I, MIG 29K and integral helicopters of both navies participated in the biennial exercise.
8.BONGO SAGAR 2020. IN and Bangladesh Navy (BN) bilateral exercise Bongosagar 2020 was conducted in North Bay of Bengal from 03-04 October 2020. BN ships Prottoy and Abu Bakr along with Maritime Patrol Aircraft and IN ships Khukri and Kiltan along with Dornier aircaft and integral helicopter participated in the exercise.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{1/6}
✔️OPERATIONAL DEPLOYMENTS
1.Operation Sankalp. Amidst the increasing US – Iran tensions in the Gulf region, since June 2019, IN has been undertaking Maritime Security Operation code-named Op SANKALP in the Gulf Region to ensure safe passage of Indian Flag Merchant Vessels (IFMVs) transiting through the Strait of Hormuz. ●Since execution, IN has deployed 16 warships and escorted approximately 161 Lakh Tonnes of cargo onboard 156 IFMVs, thereby provided a sense of reassurance to our seafarers, and protecting Indian owned hulls and the trade embarked on them.
2.UN World Food Programme (UN WFP) Escort Mission. IN has been contributing to UN WFP efforts by providing security to vessels carrying food to East African nations. ●INS Airavat escorted UN WFP chartered ship MV Juist carrying relief food cargo from Berbera to Mogadishu in Somalia from 05-14 June 2020, under challenging sea/ weather conditions. This was the third WFP escort mission undertaken by the IN in last three years.
3.Operation Samudra Setu. IN ships Jalashwa, Shardul, Airavat and Magar were deployed from May – July 2020 for Operation Samudra Setu to undertake repatriation of stranded Indian Nationals in the wake of COVID-19, from Iran, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
●IN ships deployed for Op Samudra Setu evacuated 3992 Indian Nationals including 3551 males, 387 females and 54 children.
4.Mission SAGAR and SAGAR-II. INS Kesari was deployed to the Southern IOR Island nations as part of ‘Mission SAGAR’ for rendering COVID-19 related assistance from May-June2020.During deployment, the ship provided medicine stores &medical kits to Maldives, Mauritius, Madagascar, Comoros and Seychelles.
●IN Medical Teams embarked onboard the ships also provided medical assistance to Mauritius and Comoros. As part of the follow up humanitarian outreach mission by India, Mission SAGAR II,INS Airavat was deployed to deliver 270 MT of humanitarian aid stores to Djibouti, Massawa (Eritrea), Port Sudan and Mombasa, Kenya (for South Sudan) from October-November 2020.
✔️EXERCISES WITH FOREIGN NAVIES
5.Naseem-Al-Bahr 2020. IN and Royal Navy of Oman (RNO) bilateral exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr was conducted at/ off Goa from January 07-10 October 2020. RNO ships Al Rasikh and Al Khassab along with IN ships Beas and Subhadra participated in the exercise.
6.INDRA NAVY 2020. IN and Russian Federation Navy (RuFN) bilateral exercise Indra Navy was conducted in Bay of Bengal from 04-05 September 2020. RuFN ships Admiral Tributs, Admiral Vinogrodov, Boris Butoma and IN ships Ranvijay, Kiltan, Shakti participated in the exercise.
7.JIMEX 2020. IN and JMSDF (Japan Maritime Self Defence Force) bilateral exercise JIMEX 2020 was conducted in the Arabian Sea from 26-28 September 2020. JMSDF ships Kaga and Ikazuchi; IN ships Chennai, Tarkash and Deepak, IN aircraft P8I, MIG 29K and integral helicopters of both navies participated in the biennial exercise.
8.BONGO SAGAR 2020. IN and Bangladesh Navy (BN) bilateral exercise Bongosagar 2020 was conducted in North Bay of Bengal from 03-04 October 2020. BN ships Prottoy and Abu Bakr along with Maritime Patrol Aircraft and IN ships Khukri and Kiltan along with Dornier aircaft and integral helicopter participated in the exercise.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_Navy #Defence_News
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{2/6}
9.SLINEX 2020. IN and Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) bilateral exercise SLINEX 2020 was conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 19-21 October 2020. SLN ships Sayura and Gajabahu and IN ships Kiltan and Kamorta along with Dornier aircraft and integral helicopters participated in the exercise.
●Maiden landing of Advanced Landing Helicopter (ALH) was undertaken onboard SLN Ship Gajabahu during the exercise, to showcase IN’s indigenous capability.
10. MALABAR 2020. Multi-lateral exercise between IN and US Navy (USN), Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) ships and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) was conducted in the IOR from 03-06 and 17 November 2020.
11.SITMEX 2020. Multi-lateral exercise between IN, Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and Royal Thailand Navy (RTN) was conducted the Eastern IOR from 21-22 November 2020.
12.SIMBEX 2020. IN and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) bilateral exercise SIMBEX 2020 was conducted in Eastern IOR from 23-25 Nov 2020.
13.PASSEX. The Indian Navy undertakes Passage Exercise (PASSEX) with friendly foreign navy units on opportune occasions to enhance inter-operability and imbibe best practices. Following PASSEXs were undertaken in 2020:-
(a) PASSEX with French Navy. PASSEX was conducted between French Naval Ships Mistral and Geupratte and IN Ships Talwar and Trikand from 23–24 May 2020 in Gulf of Aden.
(b) PASSEX with Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF). PASSEX was conducted between JMSDF training ships Kashima and Shimayuki and IN ships Rana, Kulish on 27 June 2020 in Eastern IOR.
(c) PASSEX with United States Navy (USN). PASSEX was conducted between USN ships Nimitz, Princeton, Ralph Johnson, Sterett and IN Ships Rana, Sahyadri, Shivalik, Kamorta from 20-21 July 2020 in the Bay of Bengal.
(d) PASSEX with Australian Navy. PASSEX was conducted between Australian ship HMAS Toowoomba and IN Ship Kochi on January 24, 2020. Another PASSEX was conducted between Australian ship HMAS Hobart and IN ships Sahyadri and Karmuk from 24-25 September 2020 in Eastern IOR.
14.Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) with Indian Ocean Region Littoral Navies. As part of maritime security cooperation with maritime neighbours, Coordinated Patrols along the IMBL are being conducted with Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar, as per established MoUs and Standard Operating Procedures.
15.Anti-Piracy Patrol. To address the wide range and large spread of unconventional security challenges in the maritime domain such as piracy, smuggling, human trafficking, gun-running etc, IN has been deploying a ship in the Gulf of Aden since 2008. A total of 84 ships have been deployed to-date.
16.Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Surveillance. IN is committed to assisting friendly IOR littoral nations in maritime surveillance. Accordingly, based on request of the host government, IN regularly undertakes surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Maldives once a month, and of Seychelles and Mauritius twice a year by deploying IN ships and aircraft.
17. IN Dornier Deployment.
(a)Sri Lanka. IN Dornier was deployed to Sri Lanka from 17 to 20 February 2020 for undertaking training and surveillance missions.
(b) IN Dornier Deployment at Maldives. IN Dornier Det was deployed to Hanimaadhoo, Maldives for joint EEZ surveillance, Medvac and SAR on two occasions from 27 July to 10 August 2020 and 08 - 15 September 2020.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{2/6}
9.SLINEX 2020. IN and Sri Lanka Navy (SLN) bilateral exercise SLINEX 2020 was conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 19-21 October 2020. SLN ships Sayura and Gajabahu and IN ships Kiltan and Kamorta along with Dornier aircraft and integral helicopters participated in the exercise.
●Maiden landing of Advanced Landing Helicopter (ALH) was undertaken onboard SLN Ship Gajabahu during the exercise, to showcase IN’s indigenous capability.
10. MALABAR 2020. Multi-lateral exercise between IN and US Navy (USN), Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) ships and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) was conducted in the IOR from 03-06 and 17 November 2020.
11.SITMEX 2020. Multi-lateral exercise between IN, Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and Royal Thailand Navy (RTN) was conducted the Eastern IOR from 21-22 November 2020.
12.SIMBEX 2020. IN and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) bilateral exercise SIMBEX 2020 was conducted in Eastern IOR from 23-25 Nov 2020.
13.PASSEX. The Indian Navy undertakes Passage Exercise (PASSEX) with friendly foreign navy units on opportune occasions to enhance inter-operability and imbibe best practices. Following PASSEXs were undertaken in 2020:-
(a) PASSEX with French Navy. PASSEX was conducted between French Naval Ships Mistral and Geupratte and IN Ships Talwar and Trikand from 23–24 May 2020 in Gulf of Aden.
(b) PASSEX with Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF). PASSEX was conducted between JMSDF training ships Kashima and Shimayuki and IN ships Rana, Kulish on 27 June 2020 in Eastern IOR.
(c) PASSEX with United States Navy (USN). PASSEX was conducted between USN ships Nimitz, Princeton, Ralph Johnson, Sterett and IN Ships Rana, Sahyadri, Shivalik, Kamorta from 20-21 July 2020 in the Bay of Bengal.
(d) PASSEX with Australian Navy. PASSEX was conducted between Australian ship HMAS Toowoomba and IN Ship Kochi on January 24, 2020. Another PASSEX was conducted between Australian ship HMAS Hobart and IN ships Sahyadri and Karmuk from 24-25 September 2020 in Eastern IOR.
14.Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) with Indian Ocean Region Littoral Navies. As part of maritime security cooperation with maritime neighbours, Coordinated Patrols along the IMBL are being conducted with Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Myanmar, as per established MoUs and Standard Operating Procedures.
15.Anti-Piracy Patrol. To address the wide range and large spread of unconventional security challenges in the maritime domain such as piracy, smuggling, human trafficking, gun-running etc, IN has been deploying a ship in the Gulf of Aden since 2008. A total of 84 ships have been deployed to-date.
16.Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Surveillance. IN is committed to assisting friendly IOR littoral nations in maritime surveillance. Accordingly, based on request of the host government, IN regularly undertakes surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Maldives once a month, and of Seychelles and Mauritius twice a year by deploying IN ships and aircraft.
17. IN Dornier Deployment.
(a)Sri Lanka. IN Dornier was deployed to Sri Lanka from 17 to 20 February 2020 for undertaking training and surveillance missions.
(b) IN Dornier Deployment at Maldives. IN Dornier Det was deployed to Hanimaadhoo, Maldives for joint EEZ surveillance, Medvac and SAR on two occasions from 27 July to 10 August 2020 and 08 - 15 September 2020.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_Navy #Defence_News
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{3/6}
✔️ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
18.Assistance to Government of Madagascar. In January 2020, IN Ship Airavat, which was mission deployed in the South Western IOR, was diverted to Antsiranana, Madagascar for ‘Operation Vanilla’ to provide HADR to the affected populace post devastation caused by Cyclone Diane.
●The relief material comprising disaster relief stores, clothing, food and medicines were handed over to Government of Madagascar in presence of the Prime Minster of Republic of Madagascar, His Excellency Christian Lois Ntsay, on 01 Feb 20.
●Further, IN Ship Shardul deployed to South Western IOR in March 2020 delivered of 600 tons of rice to Antsiranana, Madagascar as relief, in the backdrop of floods in the country.
19.Assistance to Government of Mauritius. IN Ship Nireekshak was deployed from August 13 – September 18, 2020 to provide assistance to the Government of Mauritius in the backdrop of the environmental hazard caused due to grounding of MV Wakashio.
●The ship provided seaward security, search and rescue cover for the salvers and also assistance for diving operations. The ship additionally undertook night diving operations in rough weather conditions to locate Tug Gaetan, which had sunk off Mauritius and placed heavy cement blocks around the sunken tug in support of oil spill contingency plan of Govt of Mauritius.
20.Assistance to Philippine Naval Ship. Philippine Navy (PN) Ships BRP Ramon Alcaraz and BRP Davao Del entered Kochi harbour on May 06, 2020 for embarkation of Philippine nationals and collection of COVID-19 face masks. The ships departed on May 07, 2020. Post leaving harbour, there was an incident of fire onboard Ramon Alcaraz on 07 May 20, the ship returned to Kochi on May 08, 2020.
●Two PN sailors who had suffered burns and were evacuated to INHS Sanjivani. One sailor was found to be in a more serious condition and post initial treatment was transferred to Command Hospital Bangalore on May 12, 2020 by Military Air Ambulance. In addition, technical assistance was also rendered by NSRY (Kochi) for repair of fire damage in the Engine Room.
21.Assistance to Maldives. One ALH Mk III aircraft along with IN crew has been deployed at Kadhdhoo, Maldives since 24 April 2016. Further, one IN DO in MNDF colours along with crew was deployed at a short notice in spite of travel restrictions imposed by COVID 19 at Hanimadhoo, Maldives from 29 September 2020. Consequent to a request from the Government of Maldives, refit of MNDF Huravee was successfully undertaken by Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam from 10 March to 07 November 2020.
22.Hydrographic FC Initiatives of IN. The IN ships were deployed to Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka. The successful completion of surveys has once again proved Indian Navy’s reach, capability and has contributed immensely towards strengthening the bilateral relations with respective countries. The details of foreign cooperation surveys undertaken are enumerated in succeeding paragraphs:-
(a) Survey of Seychelles. INS Darshak was deployed for 28 days with effect from 26 December 2019 to Seychelles for the conduct of hydrographic surveys based on requests received from Government of Seychelles.
(b) Survey of Sri Lanka. INS Jamuna was deployed for 61 days from 04 February 2020 to Sri Lanka for the conduct of joint hydrographic surveys. During the deployment, survey of Kosgoda to Weligama was undertaken.
23. Logistics Agreements. In order to enhance capability and ensure sustenance, India has concluded Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) with Australia on 04 June 2020 and Reciprocal Provisions for Support and Services (RPSS) with Japan on 09 September 2020.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{3/6}
✔️ASSISTANCE TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
18.Assistance to Government of Madagascar. In January 2020, IN Ship Airavat, which was mission deployed in the South Western IOR, was diverted to Antsiranana, Madagascar for ‘Operation Vanilla’ to provide HADR to the affected populace post devastation caused by Cyclone Diane.
●The relief material comprising disaster relief stores, clothing, food and medicines were handed over to Government of Madagascar in presence of the Prime Minster of Republic of Madagascar, His Excellency Christian Lois Ntsay, on 01 Feb 20.
●Further, IN Ship Shardul deployed to South Western IOR in March 2020 delivered of 600 tons of rice to Antsiranana, Madagascar as relief, in the backdrop of floods in the country.
19.Assistance to Government of Mauritius. IN Ship Nireekshak was deployed from August 13 – September 18, 2020 to provide assistance to the Government of Mauritius in the backdrop of the environmental hazard caused due to grounding of MV Wakashio.
●The ship provided seaward security, search and rescue cover for the salvers and also assistance for diving operations. The ship additionally undertook night diving operations in rough weather conditions to locate Tug Gaetan, which had sunk off Mauritius and placed heavy cement blocks around the sunken tug in support of oil spill contingency plan of Govt of Mauritius.
20.Assistance to Philippine Naval Ship. Philippine Navy (PN) Ships BRP Ramon Alcaraz and BRP Davao Del entered Kochi harbour on May 06, 2020 for embarkation of Philippine nationals and collection of COVID-19 face masks. The ships departed on May 07, 2020. Post leaving harbour, there was an incident of fire onboard Ramon Alcaraz on 07 May 20, the ship returned to Kochi on May 08, 2020.
●Two PN sailors who had suffered burns and were evacuated to INHS Sanjivani. One sailor was found to be in a more serious condition and post initial treatment was transferred to Command Hospital Bangalore on May 12, 2020 by Military Air Ambulance. In addition, technical assistance was also rendered by NSRY (Kochi) for repair of fire damage in the Engine Room.
21.Assistance to Maldives. One ALH Mk III aircraft along with IN crew has been deployed at Kadhdhoo, Maldives since 24 April 2016. Further, one IN DO in MNDF colours along with crew was deployed at a short notice in spite of travel restrictions imposed by COVID 19 at Hanimadhoo, Maldives from 29 September 2020. Consequent to a request from the Government of Maldives, refit of MNDF Huravee was successfully undertaken by Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam from 10 March to 07 November 2020.
22.Hydrographic FC Initiatives of IN. The IN ships were deployed to Mauritius, Seychelles and Sri Lanka. The successful completion of surveys has once again proved Indian Navy’s reach, capability and has contributed immensely towards strengthening the bilateral relations with respective countries. The details of foreign cooperation surveys undertaken are enumerated in succeeding paragraphs:-
(a) Survey of Seychelles. INS Darshak was deployed for 28 days with effect from 26 December 2019 to Seychelles for the conduct of hydrographic surveys based on requests received from Government of Seychelles.
(b) Survey of Sri Lanka. INS Jamuna was deployed for 61 days from 04 February 2020 to Sri Lanka for the conduct of joint hydrographic surveys. During the deployment, survey of Kosgoda to Weligama was undertaken.
23. Logistics Agreements. In order to enhance capability and ensure sustenance, India has concluded Mutual Logistics Support Agreement (MLSA) with Australia on 04 June 2020 and Reciprocal Provisions for Support and Services (RPSS) with Japan on 09 September 2020.
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⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{4/6}
✔️HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF (HADR)
24. Casualty Evacuation from MV Vishwa Prerna. On 05 August 2020, Sea King helicopter from Naval Air Station Garuda, Kochi airlifted injured Master of MV Vishwa Prerna from anchorage area off Kochi and transferred him to a civil hospital for medical assistance.
25. Rescue of Fishermen. Four fishermen were rescued from a sinking boat near Manali Tivu Island in Tamil Nadu (13 Nautical miles South East of Tuticorin) on 26 July 2020 by IN Chetak helicopter operating from Naval Air Station Parundu.
26. Assistance to MV New Diamond. On 03 September 2020, IN ship Sahyadri was diverted to provide assistance to Panama flagged Crude Oil Tanker New Diamond off the East coast of Sri Lanka. On request of Sri Lankan Navy, the ship assumed duties of On-Scene-Commander to coordinate firefighting and salvage efforts. As On-Scene-Commander, Sahyadri was instrumental in coordinating firefighting, salvage and towing operations.
27. Assistance to Distressed Dhow Al Hamid off Somalia. On 05 January 2020, IN Ship Sumedha deployed in the Gulf of Aden for anti-piracy patrol was diverted to render assistance to Sri Lankan registered dhow Al Hamid with 13 Indians onboard, which was adrift off Somalia. The ship arrived in the area and provided first aid to the casualties.
●On request from the Master, dhow was thereafter towed seawards to prevent drifting ashore and, IN Ship Sumedha maintained in vicinity to thwart any piracy attempts till arrival of towing vessel.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{4/6}
✔️HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF (HADR)
24. Casualty Evacuation from MV Vishwa Prerna. On 05 August 2020, Sea King helicopter from Naval Air Station Garuda, Kochi airlifted injured Master of MV Vishwa Prerna from anchorage area off Kochi and transferred him to a civil hospital for medical assistance.
25. Rescue of Fishermen. Four fishermen were rescued from a sinking boat near Manali Tivu Island in Tamil Nadu (13 Nautical miles South East of Tuticorin) on 26 July 2020 by IN Chetak helicopter operating from Naval Air Station Parundu.
26. Assistance to MV New Diamond. On 03 September 2020, IN ship Sahyadri was diverted to provide assistance to Panama flagged Crude Oil Tanker New Diamond off the East coast of Sri Lanka. On request of Sri Lankan Navy, the ship assumed duties of On-Scene-Commander to coordinate firefighting and salvage efforts. As On-Scene-Commander, Sahyadri was instrumental in coordinating firefighting, salvage and towing operations.
27. Assistance to Distressed Dhow Al Hamid off Somalia. On 05 January 2020, IN Ship Sumedha deployed in the Gulf of Aden for anti-piracy patrol was diverted to render assistance to Sri Lankan registered dhow Al Hamid with 13 Indians onboard, which was adrift off Somalia. The ship arrived in the area and provided first aid to the casualties.
●On request from the Master, dhow was thereafter towed seawards to prevent drifting ashore and, IN Ship Sumedha maintained in vicinity to thwart any piracy attempts till arrival of towing vessel.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_Navy #Defence_News
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{5/6}
✔️COMMISSIONING AND LAUNCHING/ START PRODUCTION
28.Commissioning of INS Kavaratti. INS Kavaratti, the fourth and last ship of Project 28, was commissioned on 22 October 2020 at Visakhapatnam.
29.Commissioning of IN LCU L57 (Yard 2098). IN LCU L57 was commissioned at Port Blair on 15 May 20. The ship is seventh of eight LCU MK IV ships being constructed by M/s GRSE, Kolkata.
30.Keel Laying of Yard 3023. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 3023 (Second ship of Project 17A at M/s GRSE) was held on 24 Jan 2020 at GRSE, Kolkata.
31.Keel Laying of Yard 12653. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 12653 (3rdship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was held on 10 Sep 2020 at MDL, Mumbai.
32.Start of Production of Yard 12654. Production of Yard 12654 (4thship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was commenced on 22 Jan 2020 at MDL, Mumbai.
33.Start of Production of Yard 3024. Production of Yard 3024 (3rdship of Project 17A at M/s GRSE) was commenced on 22 Aug 2020 at GRSE, Kolkata.
✔️INNOVATION AND INDIGENISATION
34.Introduction of Higher Specs Fuel for IN Ships (LSHFHSD – IN 512). Indian Navy in collaboration with M/s IOCL carried out an extensive, thorough study along with a comparative evaluation of existing international regulations (ISO, MARPOL, NATO etc) and as an outcome, new fuel specs meeting international and NATO standards, were launched in January 2020. Supply of the new fuel through IOCL commenced in March 2020.
●This initiative would go a long way in enhancing equipment reliability, performance, reduced carbon footprint, emissions and more importantly would be key enabler in the Navy’s ‘Mission Based Deployment’ on a global scale.
35.New Generation Fire Fighting System. In order to meet global protocols (Montreal and Kyoto protocol in respect of Ozone depletion potential (ODP) and Global Warming potential (GWP) respectively), IN has migrated from Halon based FF system and CO2 based FF system to environmentally benign New Generation Fire Fighting system for onboard application, adhering to the Global Classification Society and other statutory norms.
36.Indigenisation Efforts. IN continues to be in the forefront of indigenisation, in-line with the Government’s vision for ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. Out of 43 ships on order, 41 are being built indigenously and AoN exists for construction of 44 ships and submarines to be built indigenously. With the concerted efforts by all stakeholders, IN has developed 23 major equipment/systems and over 4500 sub-assemblies/components indigenously for IN Ships and Submarines till date.
●The first ‘Commercial Supply’ of indigenously designed and developed Sonar Dome for IN ships was supplied by M/s Kineco, Goa in September 20. This is a part of Indian Navy’s sustained impetus on indigenisation.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{5/6}
✔️COMMISSIONING AND LAUNCHING/ START PRODUCTION
28.Commissioning of INS Kavaratti. INS Kavaratti, the fourth and last ship of Project 28, was commissioned on 22 October 2020 at Visakhapatnam.
29.Commissioning of IN LCU L57 (Yard 2098). IN LCU L57 was commissioned at Port Blair on 15 May 20. The ship is seventh of eight LCU MK IV ships being constructed by M/s GRSE, Kolkata.
30.Keel Laying of Yard 3023. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 3023 (Second ship of Project 17A at M/s GRSE) was held on 24 Jan 2020 at GRSE, Kolkata.
31.Keel Laying of Yard 12653. Keel laying ceremony of Yard 12653 (3rdship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was held on 10 Sep 2020 at MDL, Mumbai.
32.Start of Production of Yard 12654. Production of Yard 12654 (4thship of Project 17A at M/s MDL) was commenced on 22 Jan 2020 at MDL, Mumbai.
33.Start of Production of Yard 3024. Production of Yard 3024 (3rdship of Project 17A at M/s GRSE) was commenced on 22 Aug 2020 at GRSE, Kolkata.
✔️INNOVATION AND INDIGENISATION
34.Introduction of Higher Specs Fuel for IN Ships (LSHFHSD – IN 512). Indian Navy in collaboration with M/s IOCL carried out an extensive, thorough study along with a comparative evaluation of existing international regulations (ISO, MARPOL, NATO etc) and as an outcome, new fuel specs meeting international and NATO standards, were launched in January 2020. Supply of the new fuel through IOCL commenced in March 2020.
●This initiative would go a long way in enhancing equipment reliability, performance, reduced carbon footprint, emissions and more importantly would be key enabler in the Navy’s ‘Mission Based Deployment’ on a global scale.
35.New Generation Fire Fighting System. In order to meet global protocols (Montreal and Kyoto protocol in respect of Ozone depletion potential (ODP) and Global Warming potential (GWP) respectively), IN has migrated from Halon based FF system and CO2 based FF system to environmentally benign New Generation Fire Fighting system for onboard application, adhering to the Global Classification Society and other statutory norms.
36.Indigenisation Efforts. IN continues to be in the forefront of indigenisation, in-line with the Government’s vision for ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. Out of 43 ships on order, 41 are being built indigenously and AoN exists for construction of 44 ships and submarines to be built indigenously. With the concerted efforts by all stakeholders, IN has developed 23 major equipment/systems and over 4500 sub-assemblies/components indigenously for IN Ships and Submarines till date.
●The first ‘Commercial Supply’ of indigenously designed and developed Sonar Dome for IN ships was supplied by M/s Kineco, Goa in September 20. This is a part of Indian Navy’s sustained impetus on indigenisation.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_Navy #Defence_News
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{6/6}
✔️IN EFFORTS DURING COVID-19
37.Various innovative solutions have been worked out by IN Yards which includes Multi-Feed Oxygen Manifold, portable Non-Contact Thermometer, UV sterilization chamber for sanitization of tools and uniforms, development of foot pedal operated cleansing stations, etc.
38.Development of Innovative PPE. An innovative PPE was developed by the Innovation Cell at the Institute of Naval Medicine in collaboration with the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. This PPE uses a fabric that is splash resistant, protects the user from infectious particles yet provides breathability, thereby permitting the user to be on duty for longer periods of time without fatigue. The PPE is easy to manufacture, using an indigenous, easy-to-source fabric and very basic tailoring skills, thus providing jobs to local tailoring units as well as promoting the ‘Make in India’ programme.
●The cost of the PPE is less than Rs 550/- compared to Rs 1,800 – Rs 2,000 for a conventional imported PPE. National Research and Development Corporation has licensed six firms for mass production. Number of Armed Forces, Govt and Private hospitals are using the PPE &have expressed tremendous user satisfaction. SVBP COVID Hospital in New Delhi also placed orders for 25,000 PPEs worth Rs 1.1 Crores.
39.Uploading of COVID-19 Information on IONS Website. Towards sharing the information related to COVID-19 with IOR littorals, INis sharing the information and innovations undertaken to combat COVID-19 with IONS nations. Towards this, information page has been hosted on IONS website, containing various documents and videos. The list of uploaded items are enumerated below:-
(a) Document on Navigating COVID-19 Pandemic.
(b) Indian Navy innovations for use by IONS nations.
(c) Battle Field Nursing Assistant (BFNA) training video.
✔️WELFARE AND EMPOWERMENT
40.Commemoration of Fourth Armed Forces Veterans’ Day. The fourth edition of Armed Forces Veterans’ Day was commemorated on 14 January 2020 at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi with an aim to provide requisite thrust to welfare of veterans, widows and their dependents. About 2600 veterans from all three Services attended the function.
41. Women Empowerment. Following actions have been undertaken by IN to provide enhanced opportunities for women officers:-
(a) Four women officers have been appointed onboard ships.
(b) Two women Observer officers have been streamed into Seaking stream in September 2020, for first time.
(c) A woman officer has been streamed into RPA streamfor first time.
(d) A woman observer officer has been deputed overseas at Maldives as part of Dornier aircrew for a period of one year.
(e) The first woman officer has been inducted into Provost Specialisation and deputed for At-Arms course in Jul 20.
(f) A woman officer has been appointed as ADA, Moscowfor first time.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
⚓️INDIAN NAVY IN 2020⚓️{6/6}
✔️IN EFFORTS DURING COVID-19
37.Various innovative solutions have been worked out by IN Yards which includes Multi-Feed Oxygen Manifold, portable Non-Contact Thermometer, UV sterilization chamber for sanitization of tools and uniforms, development of foot pedal operated cleansing stations, etc.
38.Development of Innovative PPE. An innovative PPE was developed by the Innovation Cell at the Institute of Naval Medicine in collaboration with the Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. This PPE uses a fabric that is splash resistant, protects the user from infectious particles yet provides breathability, thereby permitting the user to be on duty for longer periods of time without fatigue. The PPE is easy to manufacture, using an indigenous, easy-to-source fabric and very basic tailoring skills, thus providing jobs to local tailoring units as well as promoting the ‘Make in India’ programme.
●The cost of the PPE is less than Rs 550/- compared to Rs 1,800 – Rs 2,000 for a conventional imported PPE. National Research and Development Corporation has licensed six firms for mass production. Number of Armed Forces, Govt and Private hospitals are using the PPE &have expressed tremendous user satisfaction. SVBP COVID Hospital in New Delhi also placed orders for 25,000 PPEs worth Rs 1.1 Crores.
39.Uploading of COVID-19 Information on IONS Website. Towards sharing the information related to COVID-19 with IOR littorals, INis sharing the information and innovations undertaken to combat COVID-19 with IONS nations. Towards this, information page has been hosted on IONS website, containing various documents and videos. The list of uploaded items are enumerated below:-
(a) Document on Navigating COVID-19 Pandemic.
(b) Indian Navy innovations for use by IONS nations.
(c) Battle Field Nursing Assistant (BFNA) training video.
✔️WELFARE AND EMPOWERMENT
40.Commemoration of Fourth Armed Forces Veterans’ Day. The fourth edition of Armed Forces Veterans’ Day was commemorated on 14 January 2020 at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi with an aim to provide requisite thrust to welfare of veterans, widows and their dependents. About 2600 veterans from all three Services attended the function.
41. Women Empowerment. Following actions have been undertaken by IN to provide enhanced opportunities for women officers:-
(a) Four women officers have been appointed onboard ships.
(b) Two women Observer officers have been streamed into Seaking stream in September 2020, for first time.
(c) A woman officer has been streamed into RPA streamfor first time.
(d) A woman observer officer has been deputed overseas at Maldives as part of Dornier aircrew for a period of one year.
(e) The first woman officer has been inducted into Provost Specialisation and deputed for At-Arms course in Jul 20.
(f) A woman officer has been appointed as ADA, Moscowfor first time.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion