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Regional Security Dialogue on Afghanistan : Delhi

✔️Why in News- In the coming days, India will be hosting the ‘Delhi Regional Security Dialogue on Afghanistan’.

◆The meeting will be held at the level of National Security Advisors (NSAs) and will be chaired by India’s NSA Ajit Doval.

▪️About the Meeting:

〰️Invited Participants: India’s top security establishment, the National Security Council Secretariat, has taken the lead in organising the in-person meeting.

●Invitations were sent to Afghanistan’s neighbours such as Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, and other key players including Russia, and China.

〰️Need: After the withdrawal of US forces and the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan, India is concerned about security in the region.

〰️Objective: In this context, India has taken this initiative to organise a conference of regional stakeholders and important powers on the country’s current situation and future outlook.

〰️India’s Interest: This meeting could be India’s attempt to secure for itself a seat at the table to decide the future course of action on Afghanistan.

◆The meeting also reflects the need to actively engage with the world to protect India’s security interests.

〰️Participants’ Response: The Central Asian countries, as well as Russia and Iran, have confirmed participation.

◆The enthusiastic response is a manifestation of the importance attached to India’s role in regional efforts to promote peace and security in Afghanistan.

〰️Pakistan and China’s Denial: Pakistan’s National Security Advisor has held that he would not attend the meeting.

◆China has also decided to skip a regional security meeting due to scheduling difficulties, but is open to maintaining discussions with India through bilateral channels.

◆India is of the view that the denial by Pakistan to attend this meeting reflects its mindset of viewing Afghanistan as its protectorate.

❗️India’s Stakes in Afghanistan:

〰️Strategic Advantage: India’s strategy in Afghanistan is guided by the desire to prevent a government that would readily provide Pakistan with strategic depth and a safe haven for terror groups.

〰️Deploying Soft Power: India has opted to pursue a ‘soft power’ strategy to engage Afghanistan, preferring to contribute substantially in the civilian sector rather than in defence and security.

〰️Developmental Projects: India is particularly active in the construction, infrastructure, human capital building and mining sectors.

●Besides, it has also identified the telecommunications, health, pharmaceuticals, and information technology and education sectors for cooperation.

〰️Economic Aid: Within the framework of two bilateral agreements, India has pledged over USD 2 billion in aid to Afghanistan. And, by the end of the year 2017, the investment has already crossed USD 3 billion.

●This makes India one of the largest investors in Afghanistan’s stability and the quest for economic and social development.

〰️Connectivity Projects: India has also agreed to build the 600-km-long Bamiyan – Herat rail link which will serve to connect the Hajigak mines to Herat.

●Further, India is developing the Iranian port of Chabahar which will be linked to Afghanistan via the Delaram-Zaranj highway.

●If peace is established in Afghanistan, it could become a major trading hub as a corridor of connectivity in the heart of Asia.

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Contd...............

❗️India’s Viewpoint on Afghanistan:

◆India is not ready to directly deal with the new Taliban dispensation in Afghanistan.

✔️India reiterates that Afghanistan should:

【】Not allow safe havens for terror on its soil.
【】The administration should be inclusive.
【】The rights of minorities, women, and children must be protected.
【】The Afghanistan peace process should be led, owned and controlled by the Afghan people.

❓Way Forward

〰️Russian Support: Russia has cultivated links with the Taliban in recent years. India would need Russia’s support in any form of direct engagement with the Taliban.

〰️Bonhomie With China: India should talk with China, with the objective of finding a political settlement and lasting stability in Afghanistan.

〰️Engaging with Taliban: Talking to the Taliban would allow India to seek security guarantees from the insurgents in return for continued development assistance or other pledges as well as explore the possibility of the Taliban’s autonomy from Pakistan.

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Pakistan Violating Freedom of Air

✔️Why in News- Recently, India has launched a direct flight between Srinagar and Sharjah (UAE) operated by budget airline GoFirst (formerly known as GoAir). The flight was to operate through Pakistani airspace.

●However, the flight was denied permission to enter Pakistan and the flight had to take a longer route to reach the destination.

●This has raised the concern of Pakistan violating the first freedom of the air.

▪️Freedom of Air:

◆The freedom of air means a country grants airlines of a particular country the privilege to use and/or land in another country’s airspace.

◆Freedom of air rule emanates from the Chicago Convention in 1944.

◆The signatories to the convention decided to set rules that would act as fundamental building blocks to international commercial aviation.

◆The convention provides Nine freedoms of air, but only the first five freedoms have been officially recognized by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

❗️First Freedom Right: It is granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory without landing.

●In the case of the GoFirst flight (Indian carrier) was using the airspace of Pakistan (the second country) and was landing in the UAE (the third country).

❗️Second Freedom Right: The right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for non-traffic purposes.

●This means an Air India flight from New Delhi to New York can land at a British airport to get refuelled without embarking or disembarking passengers.

❗️Third Freedom Right: To put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier.

❗️Fourth Freedom Right: To take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier.

❗️Fifth Freedom Right: To put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State.

✔️India’s Options:

●Pakistan’s denial of airspace is arbitrary and against the principles laid down by the Chicago convention.

●Earlier also, there are several such instances where Pakistan has denied access to its airspace.

●India can take up this issue with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

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INDIAN ARMY SIGNS MOU WITH BHASKARACHARYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS AND GEO-INFORMATICS (BISAG-N)

◆The Indian Army has inked a Memorandum of Understanding with the Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG-N), Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

◆This MoU will facilitate exchange of knowledge and collaboration in the fields emerging technologies for development of GIS and IT based Enterprise Resource Planning Software, Training Content, Telecasting of Audio-Visual Content, Research and Knowledge Partnership, Technical Support and Upgradation for Resources Developed under a holistic partnership for projects which have the prior approval of Army Management Studies Board (AMSB) or approved on case-to-case basis.

◆The MOU will leverage the relative advantage of BISAG-N to support training and evolving innovative solutions to boost operational capabilities of the Indian Armed Forces.

◆BISAG-N which is an autonomous scientific society under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India will act as a medium of exchange of knowledge and collaboration in the fields of emerging technologies.

◆General MM Naravane, COAS addressed the gathering through virtual platform in which he emphasized that signing of this MoU is a path breaking initiative towards enhancing the interaction of Indian Army with academia. The Army Chief stated that 'Atmanirbharta' is the key to staying ahead of technological curve over our adversaries for which the Learning Management System projects for Map Reading, IT training and Geo-spatial Information system with BISAG-N are a great beginning in which the joint collaboration is already showing a promising beginning.

◆The event was presided over by Lt Gen Raj Shukla, GOC-in-C Army Training Command. He stressed that this is a step towards strengthening the linkages between academia and the Indian Military. He laid specific emphasis on ‘Civil-Military Relations’, and expounded multifaceted aspects pertaining to mutual cooperation.

◆These MoUs will act as catalyst and enabler for orienting academia towards strengthening the nation’s defence and capability enhancement.

◆Shri T. P. Singh, DG, BISAG-N, highlighted that with signing of this MoU, BISAG-N will act as a medium of exchange of knowledge and collaboration in the fields of emerging technology for development of GIS and IT based software, generation of customised training content, telecasting audio-visual training content, develop specific projects required by Indian Army in the fields of IT and AI. BISAG-N dedicated the Learning Management System (LMS) developed for ARTRAC and its affiliated institutes, during the event.

◆The landmark MoU will facilitate and strengthen institutional cooperation between the Indian Army and BISAG-N towards strategising and implementing programmes pertaining to training, research and capability development.

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DRDO & Directorate of Defence R&D, Israel sign Bilateral Innovation Agreement for development of dual use technologies

✔️Agreement to promote innovation in startups & MSMEs of both countries for development of dual use technologies

✔️Startups & industry to bring out next generation technologies & products in areas such as Drones, Robotics & Artificial Intelligence

✔️Development efforts to be jointly funded by DRDO & DDR&D, Israel

◆As a tangible demonstration of the growing Indo–Israeli technological cooperation, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Directorate of Defence Research and Development (DDR&D), Ministry of Defence, Israel have entered into a Bilateral Innovation Agreement (BIA) to promote innovation and accelerated R&D in startups and MSMEs of both countries for the development of dual use technologies.

◆The agreement was signed between and Secretary, Department of Defence, R&D & Chairman DRDO Dr G Satheesh Reddy and Head of DDR&D, Israel BG (Retd) Dr Daniel Gold in New Delhi on November 09, 2021.

◆Under the agreement, startups and industry of both countries will work together to bring out next generation technologies and products in the areas such as Drones, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum technology, Photonics, Biosensing, Brain-Machine Interface, Energy Storage, Wearable Devices, Natural Language Processing, etc. Products and technologies will be customised to meet unique requirements of both the countries.

◆The development efforts will be jointly funded by DRDO and DDR&D, Israel. The technologies developed under BIA will be available to both countries for their domestic applications.

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