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Tackling Hunger

◆India has slipped to 101st position in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2021 of 116 countries, from its 2020 position of 94th. With a score of 27.5, India has a level of hunger that is in the serious category. This has brought to fore the urgency and the need to bring changes in India’s nutritional policy.

❗️GHI Findings

●GHI has four components. India’s performance in the four components is:

〰️Undernourishment: Share of undernourished in the population: 15.3% in 2018-2020.

〰️Child Stunting: Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years: 34.7% in 2016-2020.

〰️Child Wasting: Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years: 17.3% in 2016-2020.

〰️Child Mortality: The Under-5 Mortality Rate: 3.4% in 2019.

◆Analysis: Since 2000, India has made substantial progress, but there are still areas of concern, particularly regarding child nutrition.

●India’s GHI score has decreased.

●The proportion of undernourished in the population and the under-five child mortality rate are now at relatively low levels.

●While child stunting has seen a significant decrease, it is still considered very high.

●Despite improvements over the year, India has the highest child wasting rate of all countries covered in the GHI.

❗️Causes of Malnutrition

◆There are multiple dimensions of malnutrition in India that include

〰️Calorific deficiency- Though the government has surplus of foodgrains, there is calorific deficiency because the allocation and distribution is not proper. Even the yearly budget allocated is not fully utilised.

〰️Protein hunger- Pulses are a major contributor to address protein hunger. However, there is not enough budgetary allocations done to tackle the problem. With Eggs missing from menus of Mid-day Meals in various States, an easy way to improve protein intake is lost.

〰️Micronutrient deficiency (also known as hidden hunger): India faces a severe crisis in micronutrient deficiency. Its causes include poor diet, disease, or increased micronutrient needs not met during pregnancy and lactation.

〰️Other Causes: Access to nutritious food is only one of the determinants of nutrition.

〰️Other factors like:

.Poor access to safe drinking water and
.Poor access to Sanitation (especially toilets),
.Low levels of immunisation and
.Education, especially of women, contributes equally to this dismal situation.

▪️Government Interventions

〰️Eat Right India Movement: An outreach activity organised by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) for citizens to nudge them towards eating right.

〰️POSHAN Abhiyan: Launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2018, it targets to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls).

〰️Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana: A centrally sponsored scheme executed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, is a maternity benefit programme being implemented in all districts of the country with effect from 1st January, 2017.

〰️Food Fortification: Food Fortification or Food Enrichment is the addition of key vitamins and minerals such as iron, iodine, zinc, Vitamin A & D to staple foods such as rice, milk and salt to improve their nutritional content.

〰️National Food Security Act, 2013: It legally entitled up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population to receive subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System.

〰️Mission Indradhanush: It targets children under 2 years of age and pregnant women for immunization against 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD).

〰️Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme: Launched on 2nd October, 1975, the ICDS Scheme offers a package of six services to children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers.

.Supplementary Nutrition,
.Pre-school non-formal education,
.Nutrition & health education,
.Immunization,
.Health check-up and
.Referral services.

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