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THE BRIGADE OF THE GUARDS

◆The Brigade of The Guards is a mechanised infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It was raised as the first “all India”, “all class” infantry regiment of the Army where troops from all parts of India serve together, as opposed to other regiments that recruit from specific regions, ethnic groups, or religions.

◆The Brigade of The Guards distinguished itself by being awarded the greatest number of battle honours after Indian independence. The regiment was the brainchild of Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa, who was the first Indian commander-in-chief (C-in-C) of the Indian Army.

◆He raised the Brigade of the Guards and coined the phrase; “The Guards, The Elite”. The President of India is the Honorary Colonel-in-Chief and the Chief of Army Staff is the Colonel-in-Chief of The Guards.

◆The Guards Regimental Centre is at Kamptee in Maharashtra. The Brigade of The Guards was the senior most line infantry regiment of the Indian Army before its selection and conversion to the mechanised infantry role.

◆It now holds the title of the senior most infantry regiment in an honorary/ceremonial capacity. Together with the Mechanised Infantry Regiment, they form part of the ‘Mechanised Infantry’ arm, part of the Mechanised Forces (along with the Armoured Corps).

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DOGRA REGIMENT

▪️Motto: “Kartavyam anvatma” (Duty before death)

▪️War Cry: “Jawala Mata ki jai” (Victory to Goddess Jawala)

▪️Regimental Centre: Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh

▪️Active From: 1877

▪️Theatre Honours: Jammu & Kashmir - 1948, Punjab - 1965 and Punjab - 1971.

▪️Battle Honours: Jhangar, Rajauri, Uri, Asal Uttar, Haji Pir, Raja Picquet, OP Hill, Siramani, Saudih, Dera Baba Nanak and Chandgram.

▪️Honours & Awards: 1 Ashok Chakra, 1 Padma Bushan, 9 Maha Vir Chakras, 4 Kirti Chakras, 4 Yudh Seva Medals, 36 Vir Chakras, 1 Vir Chakra & Bar, 11 Uttam Yudh Seva Medals, 5 Param Vishisht Seva Medals, 13 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, 17 Shaurya Chakras, 119 Sena Medals, 21 Vishisht Seva Medals, 188 Mention-in-Despatches and 263 COAS's com

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DOGRA REGIMENT

●The Dogras, the inhabitants of ‘Duggar’ or Dogra land hail from the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and the hilly regions of Punjab.

●The Dogra Regiment traces its lineage to 1858, when the Agra Levy was raised by the British East India Company as part of the Bengal Army. A company from the 4th battalion fought in the battle of Walong in November 1962 and suffered significant casualties against a vastly numerically superior Chinese force.

●On the eastern front, the 9th battalion was responsible for the fall of Suadih, a small village in East Pakistan that was a strong bastion of the Pakistan Army’s most fortified position in the country. This led to the ultimate liberation of East Pakistan and a victory for the Indian Army.

●For this task, 9 Dogra was awarded the battle honour of Suadih. The 5th battalion fought in the Kargil War to capture Tiger Hill. The Dogra Regiment has not only contributed to the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces in the Gaza Strip, Korea, and the Congo, but has also contributed in providing various military observers in various peace keeping operation around the globe.

●The 1st, 3rd and 9th battalions have participated in UN peacekeeping missions.

●The recruitment of troops into the Dogra Regiment has been that of a fixed class composition: 50 percent from Himachal Pradesh, 25 percent from Jammu and Kashmir, and a balance from Hoshiarpur, Nawanshahr, Gurdaspur, and Rupnagar districts of Punjab.

●Enlisting in army is seen as honourable pursuit for Dogras; soldiering has not only become a substantial part of the economic structure of the Dogra hills, but created social and cultural traditions built on the people’s association with the army.

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GARHWAL RIFLES

▪️Motto: “Yudhaya Krit Nishchaya” (Fight with Determination)

▪️War Cry: “Badri Vishal Lal Ki Jai” (Victory to the Sons of Lord Badri Nath)

▪️Regimental Centre: Lansdowne, Uttarakhand

▪️Active From: 1887

▪️Theatre Honours: Jammu & Kashmir - 1947-48, Ladakh - 1962, Punjab - 1965, Rajasthan - 1965 and East Pakistan - 1971.

▪️Battle Honours: Tithwal, Nuranang, Buttar Dograndi, Gadra Road and Hilli.

▪️Honours & Awards: 1 Ashok Chakra, 7 Param Vishisht Seva Medals, 4 Maha Vir Chakras, 10 Kirti Chakras, 1 Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, 12 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, 43 Vir Chakras, 30 Shaurya Chakras, 7 Yudh Seva Medals, 120 Sena Medals and 2 Bars, 24 Vishisht Seva Medals, 92 Mention-in-Despatches, 1 Jeevan Raksha Padak, 305 COAS' Commendation Cards with 3 Bars and 164 GOC-in-C's Commendation Cards.

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GARHWAL RIFLES

◆This regiment was originally raised in 1887 as the 39th (Garhwal) Regiment of the Bengal Army. It then became part of the British Indian Army, and after the Independence of India, it was incorporated into the Indian Army.

◆The Regiment has to its credit 03 Victoria Cross, 01 AC, 06 MVCs, 14 KCs, 52 VrC, 46 SC, 10 PVSM, 01 UYSM, 08 YSM, 284 SM (including 06 Bar), 17 AVSM (including 01 Bar) and 40 VSM (including 01 Bar). The regimental insignia incorporates a Maltese Cross and is based on the defunct Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort’s Own) as they are a designated rifle regiment.

◆Lansdowne, at a height of 5,800 ft (1,800 m) above sea level, is the recruitment centre of the Garhwal Rifles. On 1 October 1921, the regimental centre celebrated its first Founder’s Day.

Now 1 October is celebrated as the raising day of the battalion. After Independence, the name of the centre was changed to Garhwal Rifles Regimental Centre. The rigorous drills during the training helps to infuse a sense of discipline in every recruit.

◆Special emphasis is laid on physical fitness, mental toughness, and weapon handling. After successful completion of the 34-week training course, a Garhwali youth is turned into a soldier. The soldier is then trained for two more weeks in counter-insurgency operations.

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Quad vaccine 1 billion doses to Asian Countries

✔️Why in the news-Recently, the Biden administration official has said the Quad groups of countries are on track to meet their goal of producing at least 1 billion vaccines for the Asia region by the end of 2022.

▪️About Quad Vaccine Partnership

●The Quad vaccine partnership was announced at a summit level meeting in March 2021, before the pandemic situation in India deteriorated significantly.

▪️Key highlights Quad Vaccine Partnership

●Agreed to ensure “equitable” access to vaccines to counter the pandemic.

●Agreed to a plan to pool their financial resources, manufacturing capabilities and logistical strengths.

●Japan, USA and Australia will finance the vaccine initiative that India has welcomed.

●Appreciated the Vaccine Maitri initiative (India’s Vaccine Diplomacy) of India.

✔️About the India’s “Vaccine Maitri” Initiative

◆The Vaccine Maitri initiative was launched by India on January 20 to gift COVID-19 vaccines to neighbouring countries.

✔️About the initiative

●Sri Lanka has received 5 lakh Covid-19 vaccines from India as a part of the “Vaccine Maitri” initiative.

●Consignment of vaccines has also been sent to Bahrain.

●India has already delivered over 5 million doses to seven countries in the neighbourhood under the initiative before Sri Lanka and Bahrain.

●The 7 countries are- the Maldives (100,000 vaccines), Bhutan (150,000 vaccines), Nepal (1 million vaccines), Bangladesh (2 million vaccines), Myanmar (1.5 million vaccines), Mauritius (100,000 vaccines), and Seychelles (50,000 vaccines).

●Commercial supplies of Covishield have also been sent to Morocco, Brazil, (2 million doses each), and Bangladesh (5 million doses).

▪️Vaccine diplomacy

〰️Vaccine diplomacy is the use of vaccines to improve a country's diplomatic relationship and influence of other countries.

〰️Vaccine diplomacy also "means a set of diplomatic measures taken to ensure access to the best practices in the development of potential vaccines, to enhance bilateral and/or multilateral cooperation between countries in conducting joint R&D, and, in the case of the announcement of production, to ensure the signing of a contract for the purchase of the vaccine at the shortest term.

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MECHANISED INFANTRY REGIMENT

▪️Active From: 1979

▪️Regimental Centre: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.

▪️Regimental Insignia: A rifle bayonet mounted on a BMP-1, depicting the infantry and mechanised facets of the Regiment.

▪️Regimental Motto: Valour & Faith.

▪️War Cry: Bol Bharat Mata Ki Jai (Say Victory to Mother India)

▪️The Mechanised Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, comprising 27 battalions dispersed under various armoured formations throughout India. It is one of the youngest regiments in the army, and though it was formed as a result of lessons learned in the 1965 Indo-Pak War, to give infantry battalions greater mobility, it was the mastermind of late Gen K Sundarji who had the foresight to cater the needs of a modern army.

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MECHANISED INFANTRY REGIMENT

◆It is the youngest regiment of the Indian Army and is unique blend of military heritage originating since 1776 and the latest state of the art equipment profile.

◆After the 1965 Indo-Pak war, a need was felt to provide matching mobility to infantry units operating with armoured formations. In 1969 some of the oldest battalions from various infantry regiments were equipped with Armoured Personnel Carriers (APCs), TOPAZ, SKOT and BTR-60.

◆These battalions remained affiliated with their erstwhile Infantry Regiments and Regimental Centres. In 1977-78 Mechanised Infantry units were equipped with BMP-1 ICVs. To fulfill the requirement of the common battle and training philosophy of mechanised warfare, the Mechanised Infantry Regiment was raised on 02 April 1979 and the affairs of the Regiment were transferred from Directorate General of Infantry to Directorate General Mechanised Forces.

◆The Regiment was raised and nurtured under the watchful eyes of its first Colonel of the Regiment, General Krishnaswamy Sundarji, PVSM, ADC. New battalions were raised by pooling in manpower from old battalions.

◆The President conferred Colours to the Regiment on 24 February 1988 at the Mechanised Infantry Regimental Centre (MIRC), Ahmednagar, in a unique parade where 14 Colours were laid down and 24 Colours presented. With the exception of the 23rd and 24th Mech. Inf., all battalions from the 15th onwards have been raised after the birth of the regiment on 01 April 1979.

◆The former 20th Rajput (now 24th Mech. Inf.) traces its origins up to 1212 AD, when they were part of the army of the Maharajah of Jodhpur. They are considered the oldest Battalion of the Indian Army.

◆Prior to being called the 20th Rajput, the battalion was known as the Jodhpur Sirdar Infantry. The 20th Rajput converted to the 24th Mech. Inf. in 1993. The Regiment has actively participated in Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka, Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir and Operation Vijay in Jammu & Kashmir.

◆The Regiment has the unique distinction of operating in the high altitude areas of Ladakh and Sikkim. It also specialises in UN Peacekeeping Operations in Somalia, Angola and Sierra Leone. The Regiment is affiliated to INS Gharial, of the Indian Navy.

◆The Mechanised Infantry Regiment has participated in Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka, Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir and Operation Vijay in Jammu & Kashmir. It also specialises in UN Peacekeeping Operations in Somalia, Congo, Angola, and Sierra Leone.

◆The Regiment has its affiliation to INS Gharial of the Indian Navy. The Mechanised Infantry Regiment of the Indian Army has a special distinction of operating even in the high-altitude areas of Ladakh and Sikkim. Gen Sundarji was appointed the first Colonel of the Mechanized Infantry Regiment, the post he held till his retirement.

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RAJPUT REGIMENT

▪️Motto: “Sarvatra vijay” (Victory everywhere)

▪️War Cry: “Bol Bajrang Bali Ki jai” (Say victory to Lord Hanuman)

▪️Regimental Centre: Fatehgarh, Uttar Pradesh

▪️Active From: 1778

▪️Battle Honours: Naushera, Zoji La, Khinsar, Madhumati River, Belonia, Khansama and Akhaura.

▪️Honours & Awards:1 Param Vir Chakra, 3 Ashok Chakra, 5 Param Vishisht Seva Medals, 7 Maha Vir Chakras, 12 Kirti Chakras, 5 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, 58 Vir Chakras, 20 Shaurya Chakras 4 Yudh Seva Medals, 67 Sena Medals, 19 Vishisht Seva Medals, 1 Bar to Vishisht Seva Medal, 1 Padma Shri.

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RAJPUT REGIMENT

◆The Rajput Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It is composed primarily of troops from the Rajput, Ahir and Gurjar community. During the Second World War, the class composition of the regiment was 50% Rajput and 50% Muslim.

◆This regiment has participated in almost all major wars of the Indian Army. Awards and decorations of this regiment include 1 Param Vir Chakra, 3 Ashoka Chakra, 5 Param Vishisht Seva Medals, 7 Maha Vir Chakras, 12 Kirti Chakras, 5 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, 66 Vir Chakras, 20 Shaurya Chakras 8 Yudh Seva Medals, 313 Sena Medals, 19 Vishisht Seva Medals, 1 Bar to Vishisht Seva Medal, 1 Padma Shri.

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SIKH REGIMENT

▪️Motto: “Nischay kar apni jeet karon” (With determination, I will be triumphant)

▪️War Cry: “Jo bole So Nihal, sat sri akal” (He who cries ‘God is truth’ is ever happy)

▪️Regimental Centre: Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand

▪️Active From: 1846

▪️Battle Honours: Srinagar, Tithwal, Raja Picquet, Burki, OP Hill, Parbat Ali, Punch and Siramani.

▪️Honours & Awards: 2 Param Vir Chakras, 2 Ashok Chakras, 14 Maha Vir Chakras, 14 Kirti Chakras, 64 Vir Chakras, 15 Shaurya Chakras, 75 Sena Medals and 25 Vishisht Seva Medals.

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SIKH REGIMENT

◆The Sikh Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army that recruits from the Sikh community.

◆It is the most decorated regiment of the Indian Army and in 1979, the 1st battalion was the Commonwealth’s most decorated battalion with 245 pre-independence and 82 post-independence gallantry awards, when it was transformed into the 4th battalion, Mechanised Infantry Regiment.

◆The first battalion of the regiment was officially raised just before the annexation of the Sikh Empire on August 1, 1846, by the British East India Company. Currently, the Sikh Regimental Centre is located in Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand.

◆The Centre was earlier located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. About 5000 Indian soldiers, some belonging to the regiment, mutinied after the storming of the Golden Temple by the Indian Army as part of Operation Blue Star in 1984.

◆21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit for their actions in the Battle of Saragarhi in 1897.

◆The Sikh Regiment is one of the highest decorated regiments of the Indian Army, with 72 Battle Honours, 15 Theatre Honours and 5 COAS Unit Citations besides 2 Param Vir Chakras, 14 Maha Vir Chakras, 5 Kirti Chakras, 67 Vir Chakras and 1596 other gallantry awards. The chequered history of the Regiment spanning 154 years is bloodied with heroic deeds of valour and courage which have few parallels if any.

◆Although the Regiment's official history dates back to 1846, the biological heritage has its roots in the noble teachings and sacrifices made by the ten Gurus.

◆The Sikh Regiment of today has imbibed the culture and chivalry of Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh's erstwhile Khalsa Army. The ethos and traditions of the Regiment got formalised with the raising of 'Regiment of Ferozepore Sikhs' and Regiment of Ludhiana Sikhs' on 01 August 18446 by Captain G. Tebbs and Lieutenant Colonel P. Gordon respectively.

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THE REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY

▪️Motto: “Sarvatra Izzat-o-Iqbal” (Everywhere with Honour and Glory)

▪️War Cry: “Bharat Mata ki Jai” (Victory to Mother India)

▪️Regimental Centre: Nashik, Maharashtra

▪️Active from - 1827

▪️Regimental Colors - Red and Navy Blue

▪️Raising Day(Gunner's Day) - 28th Se

▪️Battle Honours- Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, Sino-Indian War of 1962, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Kargil War.

▪️Decorations - Victoria Cross 1, Ashoka Chakra 1, Maha Vir Chakra 7, Kirti Chakra 8, Vir Chakra 92, Yudh, Seva Medal 3, Shaurya Chakra 56, Sena Medal (Gallantry) 441

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REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY

◆The Regiment of Artillery is an operational arm (a regiment/corps) of the Indian Army. Formerly part of Royal Indian Artillery (RIA) of British Indian Army which itself traces its origins to the formation of Bombay Artillery in 1827.

◆It was later involved in extensive service in the First World War, in East Africa, Gallipoli, Mesopotamia and Palestine. Today it is the second-largest arm of the Indian Army, and with its guns, mortars, rocket launchers, unmanned aerial vehicles, surveillance systems, missiles, and artillery firepower it constitutes almost one-sixth of its total strength.

◆In the artillery, the regiments have been divided into different units. They have been classified into Medium Regiments, Light Regiments, Missile Regiments, Rocket Regiments, SATA (Surveillance & Target Acquisition) Regiments, SATA (Surveillance & Target Acquisition) Battery and Field Regiments.

◆Every Artillery unit has its own equipment during wartime. SATA Battery and SATA Regiments are the most important units in artillery as they are equipped with UAV Drones and ELM MAST Radar System.

◆The Regiment of Artillery constitutes a formidable operational arm of Indian Army, with the units being organised on a Corps and Divisional basis.

◆In an infantry division, artillery consists of three field regiments, one light anti-aircraft regiment and medium guns as and when required.

◆Artillery is now classed as a combat arm (previously was classed as a combat support arm) with priorities shifting between direct support and counter-bombardment.

◆Its role is to dominate the battle field with its immense firepower so that an enemy can neither interfere with the operations nor develop their own effectively. For air and sea targets, gunners operate in conjunction with air and naval forces.

◆The Regiment is the second largest arm of the Indian Army and constitutes almost one-sixth of its total strength. With its guns, mortars, rocket launchers, unarmed aerial vehicles, surveillance systems and missiles, artillery fire-power packs a lethal punch.

◆The destructive capability of artillery firepower rapidly degrades the combat potential of the enemy and ultimately breaks his will to fight. The performance of the regiment during the Kargil conflict proved the battle winning capabilities of artillery.

◆The Regiment is in the forefront of fighting in Siachen - the highest battlefield in the world. Medium and field guns are providing close support to the infantry in Siachen, while artillery observation post officers are manning the piquet along with the infantry.

◆Here too the gunners have distinguished themselves and won many laurels including the Maha Vir Chakra. In peace time, the Regiment is undertaking counter-insurgency operations in Jammu & Kashmir and in the North-East (Assam, Manipur and Nagaland).

◆Air Observation Post and Air Defence branches bifurcated in 1986 and 1994 respectively, have formed new arms. The Artillery Centre is at Nasik, Maharashtra. The Regiment celebrated its 175th Anniversary in 2002.

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Atlantic Charter 2021

✔️Why in the news- Recently, US President Joe Biden and UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson are expected to agree on a new "Atlantic Charter" that will reaffirm US-UK "special relationship.

●Public safety is paramount in the Atlantic Charter 2021.

●The Charter needs to deliver international protocols that are straightforward and easy to implement across the globe.

●This can only be done if the travel industry on both sides of the Atlantic is consulted and involved from the outset.

●The charter is also expected to outline eight areas with the Prime Minister and President will “resolve to work together for the benefit of humanity”, including recognising “more recent challenges” including the threat from cyber attacks, acting urgently on climate change, and “supporting the world to bring an end to, and recover from, the coronavirus pandemic

▪️History and background of Atlantic Charter

◆The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration issued during World War II (1939-45) by the United States and Great Britain that set out a vision for the postwar world.

◆First announced on August 14, 1941, a group of 26 Allied nations eventually pledged their support by January 1942.

◆Among its major points were a nation’s right to choose its own government, the easing of trade restrictions and a plea for postwar disarmament.

◆The document is considered one of the first key steps toward the establishment of the United Nations in 1945.

▪️Atlantic Charter included eight common Principles

◆Among them, the United States and Britain agreed not to seek territorial gains from the war, and they opposed any territorial changes made against the wishes of the people concerned.

◆The two countries also agreed to support the restoration of self-government to those nations who had lost it during the war.

◆Additionally, the Atlantic Charter stated that people should have the right to choose their own form of government.

◆Other principles included access for all nations to raw materials needed for economic prosperity and an easing of trade restrictions.

◆The document also called for international cooperation to secure improved living and working conditions for all; freedom of the seas; and for all countries to abandon the use of force.

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Terror in the Sahel

✔️Why in the news- Recently, the massacre of at least 160 people in a border village in Burkina Faso over the weekend is a grim reminder of the threat the Sahel region faces from Islamist terrorism.

◆Nobody has claimed responsibility, but Burkinabe authorities have named the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS), which has carried out hundreds of terror strikes in recent years.

◆The security situation in Burkina Faso, which saw its first major Islamist terrorist attack in 2015, has deteriorated steadily, especially along the borders with Niger and Mali.

▪️Counter-insurgency operations

●Four main terror outfits operate in the region - the ISGS, the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), the Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin, the local al-Qaeda branch in Mali, and Boko Haram.

●Of these, the ISGS and Jama’at Nasr are reportedly in alliance to expand their influence in the BurkinaMali-Niger border region, where they shoot down anyone who does not declare their loyalty to the jihadists.

●Boko Haram and the ISWAP are fighting each other but control territories in northeastern Nigeria.

▪️About Sahel Region

◆The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic realm of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian savanna to the south.

◆It stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea.

◆The Sahel part of Africa includes from west to east parts of northern Senegal, southern Mauritania, central Mali, northern Burkina Faso, the extreme south of Algeria, Niger, the extreme north of Nigeria, the extreme north of Cameroon and Central African Republic, central Chad, central and southern Sudan, the extreme north of South Sudan, Eritrea and the extreme north of Ethiopia.

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